Alexey Petrovich Ivanov |

U-Alexei Ivanov

U-Alexei Petrovich wazalwa ngo-1904 emndenini womfundisi wesikole. Lapho umfana ekhula, wabelwa kulesi sikole, esasisesigodini saseChizhovo, esifundazweni saseTver. Ukucula kwakufundiswa esikoleni, okwathathwa nomndeni wakwa-Ivanov. U-Aleksey omncane wayelalele ephefumula njengoba uyise nodadewabo becula izingoma zesintu. Ngokushesha wajoyina ikhwaya yasekhaya kanye nezwi lakhe. Kusukela lapho, u-Alexey akayekanga ukucula.

Esikoleni sangempela saseTver, lapho u-Aleksey Petrovich angena khona, imidlalo ye-ateur yahlelwa ngabafundi. Indima yokuqala eyadlalwa u-Alexei kwaba indima ka-Ant esiteji somculo wenganekwane kaKrylov ethi "Dragonfly and Ant". Ngemva kokuphothula ekolishi, u-Alexei Petrovich ungena emnyangweni we-physics nezibalo we-Tver Pedagogical Institute. Kusukela ngo-1926, ubesebenza njengothisha we-physics, mathematics kanye ne-Mechanics esikoleni se-FZU se-Tver Carriage Works. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuqala izifundo ezijulile zokucula. Ngo-1928, u-Ivanov wangena eLeningrad Conservatory, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukufundisa kwesayensi enembile kakade ezikoleni nasezikoleni zezobuchwepheshe zaseLeningrad.

I-studio ye-opera e-Conservatory, lapho afunda khona ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-Ivan Vasilievich Ershov, yanikeza umculi okuningi ekutholeni amakhono ezwi nesiteji. Ngokufudumala okukhulu, u-Alexei Petrovich ukhumbula indima yakhe yokuqala, eyenziwa esiteji se-studio - ingxenye ye-Scarpia ku-opera ka-G. Puccini i-Tosca. Ngo-1948, kanye naye, umculi osevele owaziwayo, u-soloist we-Bolshoi Theatre, wenza ePrague Spring Festival ePrague Opera House ehlangene noDino Bodesti no-Yarmila Pekhova. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaYershov, u-Ivanov wabuye walungisa ingxenye yeGryaznoy ("Umlobokazi weTsar").

Indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwethalenta lesiteji somculi yadlalwa iminyaka yokuhlala kwakhe e-Leningrad Academic Maly Opera Theatre, esiteji lapho u-Alexei Petrovich aqala ukwenza khona ngo-1932. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi, ukunakwa okuseduze kwe Umculi osemusha wakhangwa izimiso zokudala zikaStanislavsky, izinguquko zakhe emkhakheni wemidlalo yaseshashalazini, isifiso sakhe sokunqoba i-opera clichés, lapho izithakazelo zomculi-umculi zazivame ukunikelwa khona, mayelana nokuthi ukusebenza kwe-opera kwalahlekelwa khona. ubuqotho futhi yahlukana yaba amaqembu amaningi ahlukene, aculwa ngempumelelo. Ngesikhathi esebenza e-MALEGOT, u-Ivanov wahlangana no-KS Stanislavsky futhi waba nengxoxo ende naye, lapho athola khona izifundo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufanekiseni izithombe ze-opera.

Ngo-1936-38, umculi wenza esiteji se-Saratov ne-Gorky Opera Houses. E-Saratov, wenza ngempumelelo enkulu njengeDemoni ku-opera yegama elifanayo ngu-A. Rubinstein. Kakade kamuva, edlala indima yeDemoni egatsheni leBolshoi Theatre, umculi wajulisa kakhulu umlingisi wesiteji seqhawe likaLermontov, ethola ukuthinta okucacile okwasusa umoya wakhe wokuhlubuka ongenakunqotshwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umculi wanika iDemoni izici zesintu, engamdwebi njengesidalwa esingaqondakali, kodwa njengobuntu obuqinile obungafuni ukubekezelela ukungabi nabulungisa okuzungezile.

Esiteji segatsha leBolshoi Theatre, u-Alexei Petrovich wenza i-debut yakhe endimeni kaRigoletto ngo-1938. Uma ezigabeni zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu umlingisi oyinhloko ngokuvamile uDuke, oyingxenye yakhe efakwe ku-repertoire yabadlali abavelele, khona-ke ukukhiqizwa kweBolshoi okwabe kuhleliwe, isiphetho se-jester Rigoletto sathola ukubaluleka okuhamba phambili. Phakathi neminyaka yomsebenzi wakhe e-Bolshoi Theatre, u-Ivanov wacula cishe yonke ingoma ye-baritone, futhi umsebenzi wakhe endimeni kaBes ku-opera Cherevichki waphawuleka ngokukhethekile ngabagxeki nezilaleli. Kule ndima, u-Alexey Petrovich wabonisa ukuguquguquka kwezwi eliqinile nelinomsindo, ukuphelela kokusebenza. Izwi lakhe licace bha esigcawini. Umqondo wokuhlekisa otholakala kumdwebi usize ukususa iphupho emfanekisweni we-Bes - u-Ivanov wamdweba njengesidalwa esihlekisayo, esine-fidgety, ezama ukungena endleleni yomuntu. Ngo-1947, ngempumelelo enkulu u-Ivanov wenza ingxenye kaPetru ekukhiqizeni okusha nasekushicilelweni kwe-opera ka-A. Serov ethi The Enemy Force. Wabhekana nomsebenzi onzima kakhulu, njengoba enguqulweni entsha yomsebenzi, uPetru waba isithombe esiyinhloko esikhundleni somkhandi wensimbi u-Eremka. Nansi indlela abagxeki baleyo minyaka ababhala ngayo: “U-Aleksey Ivanov wabhekana nalo msebenzi ngobuhlakani, eshintsha isizinda samandla adonsela phansi esithombeni esineqiniso esijulile nesesiteji asidalile, efihla ngokucacile izifiso zikaPetru ongahlaliseki, izinguquko ezisheshayo. kusukela ekujabuleleni okungapheli kuya ekucindezelekeni okudangele. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umculi kule ndima wasondela emthonjeni wokuqala we-opera - idrama ka-Ostrovsky "Ungaphili njengoba ufuna" futhi waqonda kahle umbono wayo, ukuqondiswa kwayo kokuziphatha.

Umoya oshisayo kanye nethalente lasesiteji lalisiza njalo u-Alexei Petrovich ukuba alondoloze ukungezwani kwesenzo esimangalisayo, ukufeza ubuqotho bezithombe ezisebenzayo. Isithombe somculi we-Mazepa ku-opera ka-PI Tchaikovsky savela kahle kakhulu. Umdwebi wembula ngesibindi ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezicukuthwane zokubukeka kwangaphandle kwe-hetman endala kanye nengqikithi yakhe embi yembuka elingaphandle kwemizwa nezisusa ezinhle zomuntu. Ukubala okubandayo kuqondisa yonke imicabango nezenzo zeMazepa ezenziwa ngu-Ivanov. Ngakho uMazepa wakhipha umyalo wokuba kubulawe uKochubey, uyise kaMaria. Futhi, ngemva kokwenza lobu bubi, wagona ngesisa uMariya, owamethemba ngokuphuphutheka, futhi ngokuphimisela wabuza ukuthi yimuphi kulaba ababili - yena noma uyise - ayeyodela uma oyedwa wabo efa. U-Alexei Ivanov wenza lesi sigameko ngokuzwakalayo okumangalisayo kwengqondo, okukhula nakakhulu esithombeni sokugcina, lapho uMazepa ebona ukuwa kwazo zonke izinhlelo zakhe.

U-Alexei Petrovich Ivanov wahamba cishe yonke iSoviet Union ngezinkambo, waya phesheya, wahlanganyela emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene ye-opera yezindlu ze-opera zangaphandle. Ngo-1945, ngemva kokucula eVienna, umdwebi wathola umqhele we-laurel owawunombhalo othi: “Kuciko elikhulu elivela edolobheni elikhululekile laseVienna.” Lo mculi wayehlale ekhumbula umyalo ka-MI Glinka mayelana “nomsindo ogeleza ngokukhululekile, onemibala efudumele futhi enenjongo ngaso sonke isikhathi.” Lawa mazwi afika engqondweni yakho uma uzwa ukucula kuka-Alexei Petrovich, lapho uthanda isichazamazwi sakhe esihle kakhulu, eletha wonke amagama kumlaleli. U-Ivanov ungumbhali wezincwadi eziningi, phakathi kwazo indawo ekhethekile ehlala kuyo izikhumbuzo zakhe, ezinyatheliswa encwadini ethi "The Life of an Artist".

I-discography eyinhloko ye-AP Ivanov:

1. I-Opera "Carmen" kaG. Bizet, ingxenye ye-Escamillo, i-choir kanye ne-orchestra ye-Bolshoi Theatre eyenziwa ngu-V. Nebolsin, eyaqoshwa ngo-1953, abalingani - V. Borisenko, G. Nelepp, E. Shumskaya nabanye. (Okwamanje ekhishwe kwi-CD ezweni lakithi naphesheya)
2. I-Opera "Pagliacci" ka-R. Leoncavallo, ingxenye ye-Tonio, i-choir kanye ne-orchestra ye-Bolshoi Theatre eyenziwa ngu-V. Nebolsin, "bukhoma" ukuqoshwa kwe-1959, abalingani - M. Del Monaco, L. Maslennikova, N. Timchenko, E. Belov. (Ngesikhathi sokugcina yakhululwa ngamarekhodi egilamafoni ngo-1983 enkampanini yaseMelodiya)
3. I-Opera "Boris Godunov" kaM. Mussorgsky, ingxenye ka-Andrei Shchelkalov, i-choir kanye ne-orchestra ye-Bolshoi Theatre eyenziwa ngu-A. Melik-Pashaev, eyaqoshwa ngo-1962, abalingani - I. Petrov, G. Shulpin, V. Ivanovsky, M. Reshetin, I Arkhipov nabanye. (Ikhishwe ku-CD phesheya)
4. I-Opera "Khovanshchina" kaM. Mussorgsky, ingxenye ye-Shaklovity, i-choir ne-orchestra ye-Bolshoi Theatre eyenziwa ngu-V. Nebolsin, eyaqoshwa ngo-1951, abalingani - M. Reizen, M. Maksakov, A. Krivchenya, G. Bolshakov, N. Khanaev nabanye. (Ikhishwe ku-CD phesheya)
5. I-Opera "Dubrovsky" ka-E. Napravnik, ingxenye ye-Troekurov, i-choir ne-orchestra ye-Bolshoi Theatre eyenziwa ngu-V. Nebolsin, eyaqoshwa ngo-1948, abalingani - I. Kozlovsky, N. Chubenko, E. Verbitskaya, E. Ivanov, N. Pokrovskaya nabanye. (Ukukhishwa kokugcina kumarekhodi egilamafoni yinkampani yaseMelodiya ngeminyaka yama-70s wekhulu lama-XX)
6. I-Opera "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" kaN. Rimsky-Korsakov, ingxenye yesithunywa, i-choir kanye ne-orchestra ye-Bolshoi Theatre eyenziwa ngu-V. Nebolsin, eyaqoshwa ngo-1958, abalingani - I. Petrov, E. Smolenskaya, V. Ivanovsky , G. Oleinichenko, L. Nikitina, E. Shumilova, P. Chekin nabanye. (Ikhishwe ku-CD phesheya)
7. I-Opera "Umlobokazi We-Tsar" ka-N. Rimsky-Korsakov, ingxenye ye-Gryaznoy, i-choir ne-orchestra ye-Bolshoi Theatre, "bukhoma" ukuqoshwa kwe-1958, abalingani - E. Shumskaya, I. Arkhipov. (Okurekhodiwe kugcinwa ezimalini zomsakazo, akuzange kukhishwe kwi-CD)
8. I-Opera "Idemoni" ka-A. Rubinstein, ingxenye yeDemoni, i-choir kanye ne-orchestra ye-Bolshoi Theatre eyenziwa ngu-A. Melik-Pashaev, eyaqoshwa ngo-1950, abalingani - T. Talakhadze, I. Kozlovsky, E. Gribova, V. Gavryushov nabanye. (Ikhishwe ngeCD ezweni lakithi naphesheya)
9. I-Opera "Mazepa" kaP. Tchaikovsky, ingxenye ye-Mazepa, i-choir ne-orchestra ye-Bolshoi Theatre eyenziwa ngu-V. Nebolsin, eyaqoshwa ngo-1948, abalingani - I. Petrov, V. Davydova, N. Pokrovskaya, G. Bolshakov nabanye. (Ikhishwe ku-CD phesheya)
10. I-Opera "The Queen of Spades" kaP. Tchaikovsky, ingxenye kaTomsky, i-choir kanye ne-orchestra ye-Bolshoi Theatre eyenziwa ngu-A. Melik-Pashaev, eyaqoshwa ngo-1948, abalingani - G. Nelepp, E. Smolenskaya, P. Lisitsian, E. Verbitskaya, V. Borisenko nabanye. (Ikhishwe ku-CD eRussia nakwamanye amazwe)
11. I-Opera "Cherevichki" kaP. Tchaikovsky, ingxenye ye-Bes, i-choir kanye ne-orchestra ye-Bolshoi Theatre eyenziwa ngu-A. Melik-Pashaev, eyaqoshwa ngo-1948, abalingani - E. Kruglikova, M. Mikhailov, G. Nelepp, E. Antonova, F. Godovkin nabanye. (Ikhishwe ku-CD phesheya)
12. I-Opera "The Decembrists" ka-Y. Shaporin, ingxenye ye-Ryleev, i-choir ne-orchestra ye-Bolshoi Theatre eyenziwa ngu-A. Melik-Pashaev, eyaqoshwa ngo-1955, abalingani - A. Pirogov, N. Pokrovskaya, G. Nelepp, E. Verbitskaya , I. Petrov , A. Ognivtsev nabanye. (Ngokokugcina ikhishwe kumarekhodi egilamafoni "Melodiya" ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-60 yekhulu lama-XX) Phakathi kwamavidiyo abamba iqhaza le-opera edumile ka-AP Ivanova "Cherevychki", ukudutshulwa kokuphela kwe-40s ngokubamba iqhaza. kaG. Bolshakova, M. Mikhailova nabanye.