U-Ivan Danilovich Zhadan (Ivan Zhadan) |

Ivan Zhadan

YINI ISIGABA! U-Ivan Zhadan nezimpilo zakhe ezimbili

Uma ubuza umthandi we-opera ukuthi yiziphi izintambo ezikhazimulayo esiteji se-Bolshoi Theatre eminyakeni engu-30, impendulo izoba sobala - uLemeshev noKozlovsky. Kwakuphakathi nale minyaka lapho inkanyezi yabo yaphakama. Ngingazama ukusho ukuthi kwakukhona omunye umculi onekhono lakhe lalingekho ngaphansi kwalaba bantu abadumile bobuciko be-operatic baseSoviet. Futhi ngezinye izindlela, mhlawumbe, kwakungcono kakhulu! Igama lakhe ngu-Ivan Zhadan!

Kungani ingaziwa, ingafakwanga ezincwadini nasezincwadini zomlando weshashalazi, eyaziwa ngochwepheshe kuphela? Impendulo izoba yindaba yempilo yalendoda ebekwe lapha.

U-Ivan Danilovich Zhadan wazalwa ngo-September 22, 1902 edolobheni lase-Ukraine laseLugansk emndenini wesisebenzi sefektri ye-cartridge. Kusukela eneminyaka engu-9 wayehlala esigodini, lapho abazali bakhe bamthumela khona ukuba afunde njengomkhandi wensimbi. Kakade ebuntwaneni, uthando luka-Ivan lokucula lwabonakala. Wayethanda ukucula ekwayeni yesonto, emishadweni. Lapho eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala, insizwa ibuyela ekhaya futhi iyosebenza efektri kayise. Wasebenza lapha kwaze kwaba ngu-1923. Ngo-1920, ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwezempi, u-Ivan wayengumholi weqembu. Abangane bamcebise ukuthi ajoyine umbuthano wezwi. Lapha kwadlalwa izingcaphuno ezivela kuma-opera. Ngesikhathi sokuzilolonga "Eugene Onegin", lapho u-Ivan enza ingxenye kaLensky, le nsizwa yahlangana nomkakhe wesikhathi esizayo u-Olga, owadlala indima ka-Olga Larina ekusebenzeni okufanayo (ingozi enjalo). Ngo-1923 ithalente likaZhadan labonwa, futhi inyunyana yamthumela ukuba ayofunda eMoscow. Enhloko-dolobha, u-Ivan wangena e-Musical College e-Conservatory, lapho aba khona umfundi womculi odumile uM. Deisha-Sionitskaya, futhi kamuva wadluliselwa ekilasini likaProfesa EE Egorov. Ukuphila ehostela kwakunzima, kwakungekho imali eyanele, futhi umfundi osemusha waphoqeleka ukuba asebenze njengomkhandi wensimbi, wabe esefundisa e-Air Force Academy, lapho umklami wezindiza odumile u-AS Yakovlev waya kubafundi bakhe. UZhadan wayehlala eziqhenya ngaleli khasi lempilo yakhe. Ngo-1926, u-Ivan waqala ukumenywa emsakazweni. Ngo-1927 wangena ku-Opera Studio ye-Bolshoi Theatre, eholwa ngu-KS Stanislavsky, owakwazi ukwazisa ithalenta lomculi kanye "nesichazamazwi sakhe esihle". Futhi ekupheleni konyaka ofanayo, umculi, ephumelele umncintiswano, wabhaliswa e-Bolshoi Theatre.

Umsebenzi ka-Ivan wathuthuka ngempumelelo. Ithalente lezingoma zomculi, owayephethe i-timbre enhle kakhulu, laqashelwa. Ngemva kokwenza ngempumelelo ingxenye yokuqala enomthwalo wemfanelo yesivakashi saseNdiya, unikezwe indima ebalulekile ye-Sinodal ku-Rubinstein ethi The Demon (1929).

Ngo-1930 wabamba iqhaza ekulingiseni kokuqala kwe-opera ka-A. Spendiarov ethi Almast. Kanye namakhonsathi aseshashalazini, umculi uhamba ngenkuthalo ezweni lonke, ekhuluma nabantu abasebenzayo. Unikeza amakhonsathi okuvikela ebuthweni, kuhlanganise naseMpumalanga Ekude, okwathi ngo-1935 wathola isitifiketi sokuhlonipha ezandleni zikaMarshal V. Blucher. Ngokuvamile, uphila impilo evamile yomculi waseSoviet, ecacile futhi engenamafu, esekelwe ngokwengqondo. Uthola izincwadi zentshiseko ezivela kubasebenzi kanye nabalimi abahlangene. Akukho okufanekisela isiphepho esizayo.

U-Zhadan unemisebenzi eminingi emisha ethiyetha. Izindima zikaLensky, Faust, Duke, Berendey ( "Snow Maiden"), Yurodivy, Vladimir Dubrovsky, Gerald ( "Lakme"), Almaviva ( "The Barber of Seville") zivela ku-repertoire yakhe.

Ekanye neqembu labahlabeleli baseSoviet (V. Barsova, M. Maksakova, P. Nortsov, A. Pirogov nabanye), ngo-1935 wenza uhambo lokuya eTurkey. Amaphephandaba aseTurkey agcwele izimpendulo ezishisekayo ngalo mculi. Umongameli wokuqala waseTurkey, uM. Ataturk, waba umthandi wethalente lakhe, ethula umculi kwelinye lamadili ngecala lakhe likagwayi legolide, uZhadan aligcina njengensalela ekhethekile.

Inkazimulo iza kumculi. Ungomunye wabaculi abacula yedwa abahamba phambili eBolshoi Theatre. Wenza ngokuphindaphindiwe e-Kremlin. U-Stalin ngokwakhe wayemthanda, wamcela ukuba enze lokhu noma lowo msebenzi. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, u-Zhadan wayelula ukuphatha, ethanda futhi ekhumbula abantu bakubo, ebamema emisebenzini yakhe. Ukuphakama komsebenzi womculi kwafika ngo-1937. Phakathi nezinsuku zePushkin, umenywa ohambweni lwaseRiga. Ngemva kokuba umculi edlale indima kaLensky, ihholo lamnikeza ihlombe elingapheli. Ukuvakasha kwaba nomuzwa wokuthi uZhadan wacelwa ukuba andise futhi enze eFaust naseRigoletto. Njengoba zazingekho izingubo zalezi zindima, inxusa laseSoviet eLatvia lathumela indiza ekhethekile eMoscow (icala elimangalisayo laleyo minyaka), futhi zalethwa eRiga.

Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula, nokho, ukuthi lona bekungewona nje omunye unyaka wempumelelo nezimpumelelo. Kwakungu-1937! Okokuqala, inxusa laseLatvia lanyamalala endaweni ethile (ngokusobala kwakuyingozi ukumangala ngaleyo minyaka), wabe eseboshwa umngane kaZhadan, umqondisi weBolshoi Theatre VI Mutnykh. Isimo saqala ukushuba. Ukuvakasha okuhleliwe komculi ukuya eLithuania nase-Estonia kwakhanselwa. Akabange esamenywa e-Kremlin. Mangisho ukuthi u-Ivan Danilovich wayengeyena owenani labantu abafuna ukubhalisa ubungane nalabo abaphethe, kodwa wathatha kabuhlungu ukuxoshwa e-Kremlin. Kwakuwuphawu olubi. Abanye bamlandela: wathola izinga eliphansi lekhonsathi, enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini wasala kuphela izingxenye zeLensky neSinodal. Kukhona okuphukile kulo “mshini” omuhle. Ukuwa kwasekuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwadingeka ngihlinzwe futhi ngikhiphe amathoni. Ngemva konyaka wokuthula (lapho abaningi sebevele baqeda umculi), uZhadan uphinde wenza kahle njengoLensky. Wonke umuntu waphawula imibala emisha, ejulile futhi emangalisayo ezwini lakhe.

Kunzima ukusho ukuthi yisiphi isiphetho esilungiselelwe umculi ngokulandelayo, kodwa impi yabe isingenelela. Ukuphila eBryusovsky Lane esitezi esiphezulu, lapho kwakukhona khona indlu yomculi, kwaba yingozi. Izibani ezingapheli zawela phezu kophahla lapho isibhamu esivikela indiza sasifakwe khona. U-Ivan Danilovich namadodana akhe abazange bakhathele ukuwaphonsa egcekeni. Ngokushesha indodana endala yathathwa ebuthweni, futhi wonke umndeni wathuthela e-dacha eManikhino, lapho umculi wakha indlu ngezandla zakhe. Wayecabanga ukuthi kuzophephela lapha. Abaculi abaningi babehlala kule ndawo. Esizeni uZhadan wemba umsele. Kwaba lula ukubalekela ukudubula kuwo. Phakathi nentuthuko esheshayo yamaJalimane, indlela eya eMoscow yanqanyulwa. Futhi ngokushesha abahlaseli ngokwabo babonakala kulo muzi. U-Ivan Danilovich wakhumbula ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani:

• UManihino wathunjwa amaJalimane. Kwakukhona abaningi bethu, abadlali be-solo baseBolshoi Theatre. Ngakho, kwangena isikhulu endlini yami, lapho umphelezeli owayesazi kahle isiJalimane, u-baritone Volkov kanye nabanye abaculi abaningana babekanye nami ngaleso sikhathi. "Bangobani?" Ebuza ngesankahlu. “Abaculi,” umshayi wopiyano owayethukile wabubula waze wafa. Iphoyisa lacabanga isikhashana, kwase kukhanye ubuso balo. “Ungadlala u-Wagner?” UVolkov wanqekuzisa ikhanda lakhe eqinisekisa…

Isimo sasingenathemba. U-Zhadan wayazi ukuthi umngane wakhe omkhulu u-A. Pirogov wamangalelwa kanjani ngokungasuswa eMoscow aye eKuibyshev. Ubani owayenakekela umkakhe ogulayo? Kuphela lapho amacala esongela (baqala ukusho ukuthi uPirogov wayelinde amaJalimane), umculi waphoqeleka ukuba aphume nomkakhe ogula kakhulu. Futhi lapha - ukuba sensimini ethathiwe! U-Ivan Danilovich wayengeyena umuntu ongenalwazi. Wayazi ukuthi kusho into eyodwa – ikhempu (engcono kakhulu). Futhi yena, umkakhe nendodana encane, kanye neqembu labaculi (abantu abangu-13) banquma ukuhamba namaJalimane. Yeka ukuthi wayeqinisile! (yize ngafunda ngakho kamuva kakhulu). Umkhwekazi wakhe oneminyaka engu-68 ubudala, ongazange alinge ukuhamba nabo, wadingiselwa eKrasnoyarsk Territory. Isiphetho esifanayo sasilindele indodana endala, eyavuselelwa kuphela ngo-1953.

Impilo "yesibili" yomculi yaqala. Ukuzulazula namaJalimane, indlala nokubanda, izinsolo zobunhloli, okwacishe kwaholela ekubulaweni. Isindiswe kuphela ikhono lokucula - amaJalimane ayethanda umculo wakudala. Futhi, ekugcineni, umkhakha wokusebenza waseMelika, lapho umculi nomndeni wakhe baphela ngesikhathi sokuzinikela eJalimane. Kodwa izinsuku ezimbi azigcinanga lapho. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ngenxa yezithakazelo ezithile zezombangazwe, abahlanganyeli bavumelana noStalin ekukhishweni kwabo bonke abantu abaxoshwa. Kwakuyinhlekelele. Abantu babethunyelwa ngenkani ekufeni okuthile noma emakamu ngabameleli bombuso wentando yeningi waseNtshonalanga owawuhlonishwa. U-Zhadan nomkakhe baphoqeleka ukuba bacashe, bahlale ngokuhlukana, bashintshe izibongo zabo, njengoba izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zaseSoviet nazo zazizingela abahlubuki.

Futhi-ke elinye ithuba elibukhali lifika ekugcineni kuka-Ivan Danilovich. Uhlangana noDoris osemusha waseMelika (wayeneminyaka engu-23 ubudala). Bathandana bodwa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umkaZhadan u-Olga ugula kakhulu, futhi udokotela waseJalimane uyamhlinza kanzima. UDoris, ngenxa yokuxhumana nabajwayele uNobhala Wezwe wase-US, uyakwazi ukushushumbisa u-Ivan Danilovich, bese kuba umkakhe, eMelika. Ngemva kokululama, unkosikazi unikeza isehlukaniso kuZhadan. Konke kwenzeka ngokuthula, kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe u-Olga uhlala engumngane ka-Ivan. Uyakwazi ukumbona ePoland (lapho udadewabo ahlala khona kusukela ngo-1919) nendodana yakhe endala, futhi ngo-1976 baze bamvakashele eMoscow. U-Olga Nikiforovna washona e-USA ngo-1983.

U-Ivan Danilovich akazange aphumelele emsebenzini wakhe wokucula eMelika. Kunezizathu eziningi. Izilingo ezehlela kuye, ngisho neminyaka engu-50 ubudala, azizange zibe nesandla kulokhu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, wayeyisihambi kulo mhlaba. Nokho, wakwazi kabili (esizwa umkakhe osemncane uDoris) ukunikeza amakhonsathi eCarnegie Hall. Imisebenzi yaba yimpumelelo kakhulu, yaqoshwa kumarekhodi, kodwa ayizange iqhubeke. I-American impresario yayingekho kuye.

Iphupho lika-Ivan Danilovich laliwukuhlala endaweni efudumele olwandle. Futhi wafeza iphupho lakhe ngokuthola isiphephelo esiqhingini esincane saseSt. John eCaribbean, lapho kwakuhlala abantu abayi-1000 kuphela (iningi labo elimnyama). Lapha amakhono omsebenzi wobusha bakhe afika kahle. Wasebenza njengomakhi kwenye yezinkampani zaseRockefeller, elondoloza imali yendawo yakhe. Ngemva kokuthola umhlaba futhi wawenza kahle ngezandla zakhe, uZhadan wakha amakotishi amaningana kuwo, awaqashisela izivakashi ezivela eMelika naseYurophu. Ngeke kushiwo ukuthi wayengaziwa nhlobo eNtshonalanga. Wayenabangane, kuhlanganise nabaqavile. Wavakashelwa uMongameli waseFinland uM. Koivisto. ababecula naye i-duet ngesiRashiya "Black Eyes" nezinye izingoma.

Wayengenathemba lokuthi uyoke avakashele izwe lakubo. Kodwa ikusasa laphinde lasho okuhlukile. Izikhathi ezintsha seziqalile eRussia. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s, ukuxhumana nendodana yakhe kwaba nokwenzeka. Ngo-1990, u-Ivan Danilovich naye wakhunjulwa. Uhlelo ngaye lwasakazwa kuthelevishini (yaluphethwe Svyatoslav Belza). Futhi, ekugcineni, ngemva kwengxenye yekhulu, Ivan Danilovich Zhadan wakwazi ukubeka unyawo ezweni lakubo futhi, ukuze agone indodana yakhe siqu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-August 1992, ngobusuku bokuzalwa umculi 90th. Wathola ukuthi abangane abaningi abazange bamkhohlwe, basiza indodana yabo eminyakeni enzima (njengoba, isibonelo, umculi uVera Davydova, owayematasa eminyakeni engu-Stalin mayelana nemvume yakhe yokuhlala eMoscow). Futhi indodana, lapho ibuzwa ukuthi iyamthuka yini uyise iminyaka eyalahleka ekudingisweni, yaphendula: “Ngimthuke ngani na? Waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye izwe lakubo ngenxa yezimo okungekho muntu ongachaza ... Ingabe wabulala umuntu, wakhaphela othile? Cha, akukho engizomsola ngakho ubaba. Ngiyaziqhenya ngaye” (ingxoxo ka-1994 ephephandabeni i-Trud).

Ngo-February 15, 1995, eneminyaka engu-93 ubudala, u-Ivan Danilovich Zhadan wafa.

E. Tsodokov