Ama-nuances Emculweni: I-Tempo (Isifundo 11)

Ngalesi sifundo, sizoqala uchungechunge lwezifundo ezinikezelwe kuma-nuances ahlukahlukene emculweni.

Yini eyenza umculo uhluke ngempela, ungalibaleki? Ungakugwema kanjani ukungabi nabuso kocezu lomculo, ukulenza likhanye, lithakasele ukulilalela? Iziphi izindlela zokukhuluma zomculo ezisetshenziswa abaqambi nabadlali ukuze bathole lo mphumela? Sizozama ukuphendula yonke le mibuzo.

Ngethemba ukuthi wonke umuntu uyazi noma uyaqagela ukuthi ukuqamba umculo akugcini nje ngokubhala uchungechunge lwamanothi avumelanayo ... Umculo ubuye ube ukuxhumana, ukuxhumana phakathi komqambi nomculi, umculi nezilaleli. Umculo uyinkulumo engavamile, engavamile yomqambi nomculi, ngosizo lwabo bembulela abalaleli zonke izinto ezijulile ezifihliwe emiphefumulweni yabo. Ngosizo lwenkulumo yomculo baqala ukuxhumana nomphakathi, bazuze ukunaka kwawo, bavuse ukusabela okungokomzwelo kuwo.

Njengasenkulumweni, emculweni izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokudlulisa imizwelo yi-tempo (isivinini) kanye ne-dynamics (izwi elikhulu). Lawa ngamathuluzi amabili ayinhloko asetshenziselwa ukuguqula amanothi alinganiswe kahle encwadini abe ucezu lomculo olukhaliphile olungeke lushiye noma ubani engenandaba.

Kulesi sifundo, sizokhuluma ngakho ijubane.

Pace lisho “isikhathi” ngesiLatini, futhi uma uzwa othile ekhuluma ngesivinini somculo othile, kusho ukuthi lowo muntu ubhekisela ejubaneni okufanele udlalwe ngalo.

Incazelo yetempo izocaca kakhudlwana uma sikhumbula iqiniso lokuthi ekuqaleni umculo wawusetshenziswa njengokuphelezelwa komculo ukudansa. Futhi kwaba ukunyakaza kwezinyawo zabadansi okwakubeka ijubane lomculo, futhi abaculi balandela abadansi.

Selokhu kwasungulwa i-notation yomculo, abaqambi baye bazama ukuthola indlela yokukhiqiza kabusha ngokunembile i-tempo okufanele kudlalwe ngayo imisebenzi erekhodiwe. Lokhu bekufanele kube lula kakhulu ukufunda amanothi omculo ongajwayelekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baqaphela ukuthi umsebenzi ngamunye unokushaya kwangaphakathi. Futhi le pulsation ihlukile ngomsebenzi ngamunye. Njengenhliziyo yomuntu ngamunye, ishaya ngendlela ehlukile, ngesivinini esihlukile.

Ngakho-ke, uma sidinga ukunquma ukushaya kwenhliziyo, sibala inani lokushaya kwenhliziyo ngomzuzu. Ngakho-ke emculweni - ukurekhoda isivinini sokushaywa, baqala ukurekhoda inani lokushaywa ngomzuzu.

Ukukusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi imitha liyini nokuthi ulinquma kanjani, ngiphakamisa ukuthi uthathe iwashi bese ugxiviza unyawo lwakho njalo ngomzuzwana. Uyezwa? Thepha okukodwa share, noma kancane ngomzuzwana. Manje, ubheka iwashi lakho, cindezela unyawo lwakho kabili ngomzuzwana. Kwakukhona omunye ukushaya kwenhliziyo. I-frequency onyathela ngayo unyawo lwakho ibizwa ngokuthi ngesivinini (or imitha). Isibonelo, uma unyathela unyawo lwakho kanye ngomzuzwana, i-tempo ingamabhithi angama-60 ngomzuzu, ngoba kukhona amasekhondi angama-60 ngomzuzu, njengoba sazi. Sigxuma kabili ngomzuzwana, futhi ijubane selivele lingamabhithi angu-120 ngomzuzu.

Emculweni, kubukeka kanje:

Lokhu kubizwa kusitshela ukuthi inothi lekota lithathwa njengeyunithi yokushaya, futhi lokhu kushaya kwenhliziyo kuhambisana nemvamisa yamabhithi angama-60 ngomzuzu.

Nasi esinye isibonelo:

Lapha, futhi, ubude bekota buthathwa njengeyunithi ye-pulsation, kodwa isivinini sokushaya siphindwe kabili - ama-beats angu-120 ngomzuzu.

Kunezinye izibonelo lapho okungeyona ingxenye yesine, kodwa ubude besikhathi sesishiyagalombili noma uhhafu, noma esinye, sithathwa njengeyunithi yokuphefumula … Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

Kule nguqulo, iculo elithi “Kuyabanda Ebusika Ngesihlahla Sikakhisimusi Esincane” lizozwakala ngokushesha okuphindwe kabili kunenguqulo yokuqala, njengoba ubude besikhathi bufushane ngokuphindwe kabili njengeyunithi yemitha – esikhundleni sekota, isishiyagalombili.

Ukuqokwa okunjalo kwe-tempo kuvame ukutholakala kumculo weshidi wesimanje. Abaqambi bezinkathi ezedlule basebenzisa kakhulu incazelo yomlomo yetempo. Ngisho nanamuhla, amagama afanayo asetshenziswa ukuchaza i-tempo nesivinini sokusebenza njengangaleso sikhathi. Lawa amagama esiNtaliyane, ngoba lapho eqala ukusetshenziswa, inqwaba yomculo eYurophu yaqanjwa abaqambi base-Italy.

Okulandelayo yizimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-tempo emculweni. Kubakaki ukuze kube lula kanye nombono ophelele wetempo, inani elilinganiselwe lamabhithi ngomzuzu wetempo enikeziwe liyanikezwa, ngoba abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi lokhu noma leyo tempo kufanele kuzwakale kushesha kangakanani noma kuhamba kancane kangakanani.

• I-Grave - (ithuna) - ijubane elihamba kancane (40 beats / min)
• I-Largo - (i-largo) - kancane kakhulu (44 beats / min)
• Lento – (lento) – kancane (52 beats/min)
• I-Adagio - (adagio) - kancane, ngokuzola (58 beats / min)
• I-Andante – (andante) – kancane (66 beats/min)
• I-Andantino - (andantino) - ngokukhululeka (78 beats / min)
• I-Moderato – (moderato) – ngokumaphakathi (88 beats/min)
• I-Allegretto - (i-allegretto) - ishesha kakhulu (amabhithi ayi-104 / min)
• I-Allegro - (allegro) - ngokushesha (132 bpm)
• Vivo – (vivo) – lively (160 beats/min)
• I-Presto - (presto) - ishesha kakhulu (184 beats / min)
• I-Prestissimo – (prestissimo) – ishesha kakhulu (208 beats/min)

Kodwa-ke, i-tempo ayikhombisi ukuthi ucezu kufanele sidlalwe ngokushesha noma kancane kangakanani. I-tempo iphinde ibeke isimo sengqondo esijwayelekile sesiqephu: isibonelo, umculo odlalwa kakhulu, kancane kakhulu, endaweni ye-tempo, uvusa i-melancholy ejulile, kodwa umculo ofanayo, uma wenziwa kakhulu, ngokushesha okukhulu, ku-prestissimo tempo, uzobonakala. intokozo emangalisayo futhi ekhanyayo kuwe. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukucacisa umlingiswa, abaqambi basebenzisa izengezo ezilandelayo ekubhalweni kwe-tempo:

• ukukhanya - легко
• cantabile - ngomculo
• dolce - ngobumnene
• izwi le-mezzo - isigamu sezwi
• i-sonore - i-sonorous (akufanele idideke nokuklabalasa)
• i-lugubre - emnyama
• pesante - isindayo, isisindo
• funebre - isililo, umngcwabo
• festivo - festive (festival)
• i-quasi rithmico - kugcizelelwe (ihaba) ngesigqi
• misterioso - ngokungaqondakali

Izinkulumo ezinjalo azibhalwanga kuphela ekuqaleni komsebenzi, kodwa zingase zivele ngaphakathi kwawo.

Ukukudida kancane, ake sithi ngokuhlanganiswa ne-tempo notation, izandiso ezisiza kwesinye isikhathi zisetshenziselwa ukucacisa imithunzi:

• molto - kakhulu,
• kakhulu - kakhulu,
• con moto - ehambayo, i-commodo - elula,
• non troppo - hhayi kakhulu
• non tanto - hhayi kakhulu
• i-semper - ngaso sonke isikhathi
• i-meno mosso - iselula encane
• piu mosso - mobile more.

Isibonelo, uma i-tempo yocezu lomculo ithi poco allegro (poco allegro), lokhu kusho ukuthi ucezu ludinga ukudlalwa “ngokushesha impela”, futhi i-poco largo (poco largo) izosho “kunalokho kancane”.

Ngezinye izikhathi imishwana yomculo ngayinye esiqeshini idlalwa ngesikhathi esihlukile; lokhu kwenzelwa ukunikeza ukugqama okukhulu emsebenzini womculo. Nazi iziqondiso ezimbalwa zokushintsha i-tempo ongahlangabezana nazo ekuphawuleni komculo:

Ukuze wehlise ijubane:

• ritenuto - ukuzibamba
• ritardando - ukuba sekwephuzile
• allargando - ukwandisa
• rallentando - slowing down

Ukusheshisa:

• i-accelerando - ukusheshisa,
• i-animando - iyakhuthaza
• i-stringendo - iyashesha
• i-stretto - icindezelekile, icindezela

Ukubuyisela ukunyakaza ku-tempo yasekuqaleni, kusetshenziswe okuphawuliwe okulandelayo:

• i-tempo - ngesivinini,
• i-tempo primo - i-tempo yokuqala,
• tempo I - tempo yokuqala,
• i-tempo - i-tempo efanayo.

Ekugcineni, ngizokutshela ukuthi awesabi ulwazi oluningi kangangokuthi awukwazi ukukhumbula ngekhanda lezi zimpawu. Ziningi izincwadi ezikhuluma ngaleli teminoloji.

Ngaphambi kokudlala ucezu lomculo, udinga nje ukunaka ukuqokwa kwe-tempo, futhi ubheke ukuhumusha kwayo encwadini yereferensi. Kodwa-ke, okokuqala udinga ukufunda ucezu ngejubane eliphansi kakhulu, bese ulidlala ngejubane elinikeziwe, ucabangela zonke izinkulumo kulo lonke ucezu.