U-Enrico Tamberlik (Enrico Tamberlik) |

U-Enrico Tamberlik

UTamberlik ungomunye wabaculi base-Italy abakhulu kakhulu bekhulu le-16. Wayenezwi le-timbre elihle, elifudumele, elinamandla angavamile, elinerejista ephezulu ekhazimulayo (wathatha i-cis esifubeni esiphezulu). U-Enrico Tamberlic wazalwa ngoMashi 1820, XNUMX eRoma. Waqala ukufundela ukucula e-Rome, no-K. Zerilli. Kamuva, u-Enrico waqhubeka ethuthuka no-G. Guglielmi eNaples, wabe esecija amakhono akhe ngo-P. de Abella.

Ngo-1837, uTamberlic wenza i-debut yakhe ekhonsathini eRoma - ku-quartet ye-opera "Puritanes" kaBellini, esiteji semidlalo yaseshashalazini "Argentina". Ngonyaka olandelayo, u-Enrico wabamba iqhaza emidlalweni ye-Rome Philharmonic Academy e-Apollo Theatre, lapho enza khona uWilliam Tell (Rossini) noLucrezia Borgia (Donizetti).

U-Tamberlik wenza i-professional debut yakhe ngo-1841. E-Neapolitan Theatre "Del Fondo" ngaphansi kwegama likanina uDaniyeli, wacula ku-opera yaseBellini ethi "Montagues and Capulets". Lapho, e Naples, eminyakeni 1841-1844, waqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe at theatre "San Carlo". Kusukela ngo-1845, Tamberlik waqala ukuvakasha phesheya. Imidlalo yakhe eMadrid, Barcelona, ​​​​London (Covent Garden), Buenos Aires, Paris (Italian Opera), emadolobheni asePortugal nase-USA ibanjwe ngempumelelo enkulu.

Ngo-1850, uTamberlik wacula okokuqala ngqa e-Italian Opera eSt. Ehamba ngo-1856, lo mculi wabuyela eRussia ngemva kweminyaka emithathu futhi waqhubeka ecula kwaze kwaba ngo-1864. UTamberlik naye wafika eRussia kamuva, kodwa wacula emakhonsathini kuphela.

U-AA Gozenpud uyabhala: “Umculi ovelele, umlingisi onekhono, wayenesiphiwo somphumela ongenakuvinjelwa ezilalelini. Abaningi babonga, kodwa, hhayi ithalenta lomculi ophawulekayo, kodwa amanothi akhe aphezulu - ikakhulukazi amangalisayo ngamandla namandla "C-sharp" ye-octave ephezulu; abanye beza ngokukhethekile endaweni yeshashalazi ukuzozwa ukuthi ulithatha kanjani udumo lwakhe. Kodwa kanye "nabachwepheshe" abanjalo kwakukhona abalaleli ababethanda ukujula kanye nedrama yokusebenza kwakhe. Amandla ashisekayo, anika amandla obuciko buka-Tamberlik ezingxenyeni zobuqhawe anqunywa isikhundla somphakathi somculi.

NgokukaCui, "lapho ku-William Tell ... ebabaza ngentshiseko" cercar la liberta ", izethameli zazihlala zimphoqa ukuthi aphinde lesi sisho - ukubonakaliswa okungenacala kwenkululeko yama-60s."

U-Tamberlik ubevele eyingxenye yegagasi elisha lokudlala. Wayengumhumushi ovelele weVerdi. Nokho, ngempumelelo efanayo wahlabelela opera Rossini futhi Bellini, nakuba abalandeli esikoleni esidala bathola ukuthi overdramatized izingxenye zomculo. Emiculweni kaRossini, kanye no-Arnold, uTamberlik wawina ukunqoba okuphezulu kakhulu engxenyeni enzima kakhulu ye-Othello. Ngokombono ojwayelekile, njengomculi wabamba uRubini kuwo, futhi njengomdlali we-actor wamdlula.

Ekubuyekezeni kukaRostislav, siyafunda: “U-Othello uyindima engcono kakhulu ka-Tamberlik… Kwezinye izindima, ubonisa amazwibela amangalisayo, izikhathi ezihehayo, kodwa lapha isinyathelo ngasinye, umnyakazo wonke, wonke umsindo ucatshangelwa ngokuqinile futhi ngisho nemiphumela ethile iyanikelwa ukuze ivune uwonkewonke. yonke yobuciko. UGarcia noDonzelli (asikhulumi ngoRubini, owacula le ngxenye kahle kakhulu, kodwa wadlala kabi kakhulu) waveza u-Otello njengohlobo oluthile lwe-paladin yangenkathi ephakathi, enemikhuba emihle, kuze kufike umzuzu wenhlekelele, lapho u-Othello eshintsha khona ngokuzumayo waba isilo esibulala igazi ... U-Tamberlik waqonda uhlobo lwendima ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele: waveza i-Moor yasendle, ebekwe ngephutha enhloko yebutho laseVenice, efunwa ngokuhlonishwa, kodwa owagcina ngokuphelele ukungathembeki, imfihlo kanye nokuqina okungalawulwa kwabantu. wesizwe sakhe. Kwakudingeka ukucatshangelwa okukhulu ukuze kulondolozwe isithunzi esihloniphekile samaMoor, aphakanyiswe izimo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo abonise izithunzi zemvelo yakudala, nengenanhlonipho. Lona umsebenzi noma umgomo u-Tamberlik alwela kuwo kwaze kwaba yilapho u-Othello, ekhohliswe ukunyundela okunobuqili kuka-Iago, elahla isithunzi sesithunzi saseMpumalanga futhi azitike ngayo yonke intshiseko yentshiseko engalawuleki, yasendle. Isibabazo esidumile: si dopo lei toro! yingakho nje ithusa abalaleli ekujuleni komphefumulo, ukuthi iphuma esifubeni njengokukhala kwenhliziyo elimele ... Siyaqiniseka ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sombono awenzayo kule ndima sivela ngokuqondile kumuntu ohlakaniphile. ukuqonda nokuvezwa ngekhono komlingiswa weqhawe likaShakespeare.

Encazelweni ka-Tamberlik, umbono omkhulu kakhulu awenziwanga ngezigcawu zezingoma noma zothando, kodwa ngamaqhawe akhuthazayo, anozwelo. Ngokusobala, wayengeyena owabaculi bendawo yokugcina izimpahla yezicukuthwane.

Umqambi waseRussia kanye nomgxeki womculo u-AN Serov, ongenakuchazwa ngenani labathandi bethalente likaTamberlik. Okungukuthi, nokho, akumvimbeli (mhlawumbe ngokumelene nentando yakhe) ukuthi aqaphele ukufaneleka komculi wase-Italy. Nazi izingcaphuno ezivela ekubuyekezweni kwakhe kwe-Meyerbeer's Guelphs and Ghibellines e-Bolshoi Theatre. Lapha uTamberlik udlala indima kaRaul, okuyinto, ngokusho kukaSerov, ayihambisani nhlobo naye: "UMnu. U-Tamberlik esenzweni sokuqala (ukuhlanganisa isenzo soku-1 nesi-2 somphumela wangempela) kubonakale sengathi akayindawo. Uthando oluhambisana ne-viola lwadlula ngokungenambala. Esigcawini lapho izihambeli zakwa-Nevers zibuka khona ngefasitela ukuze zibone ukuthi iyiphi intokazi eze ukuzobona u-Nevers, uMnu. Tamberlik akazange anake ngokwanele ukuthi ama-opera ka-Meyerbeer adinga ukusebenza okumangalisayo okuqhubekayo ngisho nakulezo zigcawu lapho kungekho lutho olunikezwa izwi. ngaphandle kwamazwi amafushane, ayiziqephu. Umculi ongangeni esikhundleni somuntu ammele, othi, ngendlela yase-Italy, alinde i-aria yakhe noma i-solo enkulu ku-morceaux densemble, ukude nezidingo zomculo kaMeyerbeer. Iphutha elifanayo liphume kakhulu endaweni yokugcina yesenzo. Ikhefu noValentina phambi kukayise, phambi kwendodakazi yenkosi kanye nenkantolo yonke, ayikwazi kodwa ukubangela injabulo eqinile, zonke izindlela zothando olucashile kuRaul, futhi uMnu Tamberlik wahlala njengofakazi wangaphandle kukho konke lokho kwenzeka eduze kwakhe.

Esenzweni sesibili (isenzo sesithathu soqobo) ku-septet yesilisa edumile, ingxenye ka-Raoul ikhanya ngesibabazo esisebenza kahle kakhulu kumanothi aphezulu kakhulu. Ekubabazeni okunjalo, uMnu. Tamberlik wayeyiqhawe futhi, yebo, wazikhuthaza zonke izilaleli. Ngokushesha bafuna ukuphindaphindwa kwalo mphumela ohlukile, naphezu kokuxhumana kwawo okungenakuhlukaniswa nabanye, naphezu kwenkambo emangalisayo yesigameko ...

… I-duet enkulu no-Valentina nayo yenziwa nguMnu. Tamberlik ngentshiseko futhi yadlula ngokukhazimulayo, umsindo wokungabaza oqhubekayo kuphela, onyakazayo wezwi likaMnu. Tamberlik wawungahambelani neze nezinhloso zikaMeyerbeer. Kusukela kule ndlela yethu ye-tenore di forza elokhu evevezela ezwini lakhe, izindawo zenzeka lapho wonke amazwi omculo abhalwe umqambi ehlangana abe uhlobo oluthile lomsindo ojwayelekile, onganqunyelwe.

… Ku-quintet yesenzo sokuqala, iqhawe lomdlalo livela esiteji - i-ataman yeqembu labaphangi likaFra Diavolo ngaphansi kwesicathulo sika-dapper uMarquis San Marco. Umuntu angadabukela uMnu. Tamberlik kuphela kule ndima. U-Othello wethu akazi, muntu ompofu, ukuthi angabhekana kanjani nengxenye ebhalwe kurejista engenakwenzeka kumculi wase-Italy.

… U-Fra Diavolo ubhekiselwa endimeni yokudlala i-tenor (spiel-tenor). UMnu. Tamberlik, njenge-virtuoso yase-Italy, ungowabadlali abangadlali, futhi njengoba uhlangothi lwakhe lwezwi kulesi siqeshana lumphazamisa kakhulu, akanayo indawo yokuziveza lapha.

Kodwa izindima ezinjengoRaul zisahlukile. U-Tamberlik wayehlukaniswa nokuphelela kwekhono lezwi, ukuvezwa okujulile okumangalisayo. Ngisho neminyaka yakhe ewohlokayo, lapho ithonya elilimazayo lesikhathi lithinta izwi lakhe, egcina kuphela iziqongo, uTamberlik wamangala ngokungena kokusebenza kwakhe. Phakathi kwezindima zakhe ezinhle kakhulu kukhona u-Otello ku-opera kaRossini enegama elifanayo, u-Arnold kuWilliam Tell, uMbusi eRigoletto, uJohn kuMprofethi, uRaul ku-Huguenots, uMasaniello ku-The Mute of Portici, uManrico ku-Il trovatore, u-Ernani ku-opera kaVerdi. wegama elifanayo, uFaust.

UTamberlik wayeyindoda enemibono yezombangazwe ethuthukayo. Ngesikhathi eseMadrid ngo-1868, wamukela uguquko olwase luqalile futhi, ebeka ukuphila kwakhe engozini, wenza iMarseillaise phambi kwamakhosi. Ngemva kokuvakasha eSpain ngo-1881-1882, umculi washiya isiteji.

W. Chechott wabhala ngo-1884: “Kunanini ngaphambili, futhi noma ubani, uTamberlik manje wayecula ngomphefumulo wakhe, hhayi nje ngezwi lakhe. Ngumphefumulo wakhe onyakaza kuwo wonke umsindo, wenza izinhliziyo zabalaleli zithuthumele, ungene emiphefumulweni yabo ngemisho yakhe ngayinye.

UTamberlic washona ngo-March 13, 1889 eParis.