Henriette Sontag |

UHenrietta Sontag

UHenrietta Sontag ungomunye wabaculi baseYurophu abadume kakhulu ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Wayenezwi elinomsindo, eliguquguqukayo, elihamba ngendlela engavamile le-timbre enhle, elinerejista ephezulu enomsindo. Isimo sobuciko somculi siseduze ne-virtuoso coloratura nezingxenye zezingoma kuma-operas kaMozart, Weber, Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti.

U-Henrietta Sontag (igama langempela uGertrude Walpurgis-Sontag; umyeni kaRossi) wazalwa ngoJanuwari 3, 1806 eKoblenz, emndenini wabalingisi. Wangena esiteji esemncane. Umculi osemusha wakwazi amakhono ezwi ePrague: ngo-1816-1821 wafunda e-Conservatory yendawo. Wenza i-debut yakhe ngo-1820 esiteji se-opera yasePrague. Ngemva kwalokho, wacula enhloko-dolobha yase-Austria. Udumo olwandile lwamenza wabamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni i-opera ka-Weber ethi "Evryanta". Ngo-1823 K.-M. U-Weber, lapho ezwe i-Sontag icula, wamyala ukuba abe ngowokuqala ukudlala indima eyinhloko ku-opera yakhe entsha. Lo mculi osemncane akazange aphoxe wacula ngenkulu impumelelo.

Ngo-1824, u-L. Beethoven waphathisa u-Sontag, kanye nomculi waseHungary uCaroline Ungar, ukuba enze izingxenye eziyedwa eMiseni ku-D Major kanye ne-Ninth Symphony.

Ngesikhathi kwenziwa iMisa Elingcwele kanye ne-Symphony nekhwaya, uHenrietta wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabili ubudala, uCaroline eneminyaka engamashumi amabili nanye. U-Beethoven wayesebazi bobabili abaculi izinyanga ezimbalwa; wabangenisa. “Njengoba bezama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuqabula izandla zami,” ubhalela umfowabo uJohann, “futhi njengoba zizinhle kakhulu, ngancamela ukubanga izindebe zami.”

Nakhu okwashiwo u-E. Herriot: "UCaroline uyathakazelisa ukuze azitholele ingxenye ku-"Melusine" kakhulu, u-Beethoven ahlela ukuyibhala embhalweni weGrillparzer. Schindler uthi “lo nguDeveli uqobo lwakhe, ogcwele umlilo nemicabango”. Ukucabanga nge-Sontag ka-Fidelio. UBeethoven wabaphathisa yomibili imisebenzi yakhe emikhulu. Kodwa ukuphindaphinda, njengoba sesibonile, kwakunezinkinga. “Ungundlovukayiphikiswa,” kusho uCaroline kuye. “La manothi aphezulu,” uHenrietta wambuza, “ungawashintsha yini?” Umqambi uyenqaba ukushintsha ngisho nemininingwane emincane, ukuze enze isivumelwano esincane ngendlela yesiNtaliyane, amisele inothi elilodwa. Nokho, u-Henrietta uvunyelwe ukucula ingxenye yakhe ye-mezzo voce. Abesifazane abasebasha bagcina inkumbulo ejabulisa kakhulu yalokhu kubambisana, eminyakeni eminingi kamuva bavuma ukuthi isikhathi ngasinye bengena ekamelweni likaBeethoven benomuzwa ofanayo namakholwa awela ngawo umbundu wethempeli.

Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-Sontag izoba nokunqoba eLeipzig emdlalweni we-Free Gunner no-Evryants. Ngo-1826, eParis, umculi wacula izingxenye zeRosina ku-Rossini ethi The Barber of Seville, ejabulisa izethameli ezikhethiwe ngokuhlukahluka kwakhe esigcawini sesifundo sokucula.

Udumo lwalo mculi luyakhula kusukela ekudlalweni kuya kokudlalayo. Eminye ilandelana, amadolobha amasha aseYurophu angena emzileni wakhe wokuvakasha. Eminyakeni eyalandela, i-Sontag yadlala eBrussels, eThe Hague, eLondon.

Inkosana ebukekayo uPückler-Muskau, ehlangane nomlingisikazi eLondon ngo-1828, yanqotshwa ngokushesha nguye. “Ukube bengiyinkosi,” wayevame ukuthi, “ngavuma ukuba ngithathwe nguye. Ubukeka engumkhohlisi omncane ngempela.” UPückler umthanda ngokweqiniso u-Henrietta. “Udansa njengengelosi; umusha ngendlela emangalisayo futhi muhle, ngesikhathi esifanayo umnene, uyaphupha futhi unephimbo elingcono kakhulu.

U-Pückler wahlangana naye e-von Bulow's, wamuzwa e-Don Giovanni, wabingelela i-backstage yakhe, waphinde wahlangana naye ekhonsathini e-Duke of Devonshire, lapho umculi egcona inkosana ngemigilingwane engenabungozi ngokuphelele. I-Sontag yamukelwa ngentshiseko emphakathini wamaNgisi. U-Esterhazy, uClenwilliam uvutha amalangabi ngaye. UPüclair ugibelisa uHenriette, uvakashela izindawo zaseGreenwich enkampanini yakhe, futhi, ethatheke ngokuphelele, ufisa ukushada naye. Manje ukhuluma ngeSontag ngephimbo elihlukile: “Imangalisa ngempela indlela le ntombazanyana eyabugcina ngayo ubumsulwa nobumsulwa bayo endaweni enjalo; i-fluff emboze isikhumba sesithelo igcine konke ukusha kwayo.

Ngo-1828, uSontag washada ngasese nenxusa lase-Italy u-Count Rossi, ngaleso sikhathi owayeyinxusa laseSardinian eThe Hague. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, inkosi yasePrussia yamphakamisela phezulu umculi.

UPückler wayedabuke kakhulu ngokuhlulwa kwakhe njengoba imvelo yakhe yayizomvumela. E-Muskau Park, wakha i-bust of the artist. Lapho efa ngo-1854 ngesikhathi sohambo oluya eMexico, isikhulu sakha ithempeli langempela enkumbulweni yakhe eBranitsa.

Mhlawumbe isiphetho sendlela yobuciko kaSontag kwaba ukuhlala kwakhe eSt. Petersburg naseMoscow ngo-1831. Izilaleli zaseRussia zazisa kakhulu ubuciko bomculi waseJalimane. UZhukovsky noVyazemsky bakhuluma ngaye ngentshiseko, izimbongi eziningi azinikezele kuye. Kamuva, uStasov waphawula "ubuhle bakhe be-Raphaelian nomusa wokukhuluma."

I-Sontag ngempela yayinezwi le-plasticity engavamile kanye ne-coloratura virtuosity. Wanqoba abantu besikhathi sakhe kokubili kuma-opera nasemidlalweni yamakhonsathi. Kwakungelona ize ukuthi abantu bakubo bomculi bambiza ngokuthi “i-nightingale yaseJalimane.”

Mhlawumbe yingakho uthando oludumile luka-Alyabyev lwamkhanga ngokukhethekile phakathi nohambo lwakhe lwaseMoscow. Ukhuluma ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe encwadini yakhe ethakazelisayo ethi "Amakhasi we-AA Alyabyeva" isazi somculo uB. Steinpress. “Ubeyithanda kakhulu ingoma ka-Alyabyev yesiRashiya ethi “The Nightingale,” kubhala umqondisi waseMoscow u-A.Ya. kumfowabo. UBulgakov ucaphune amazwi omculi: “Indodakazi yakho ethandekayo yangiculela yona ngolunye usuku, futhi ngayithanda kakhulu; kufanele uhlele amavesi njengokuhlukahluka, le aria ithandwa kakhulu lapha futhi ngingathanda ukuyicula“. Wonke umuntu wawuvumela kakhulu umbono wakhe, futhi ... kwanqunywa ukuthi uzocula ... "Nightingale". Ngokushesha waqamba inguqulo enhle, futhi ngaba nesibindi sokumphelezela; akakholwa ukuthi angazi nelilodwa inothi. Wonke umuntu waqala ukuhlakazeka, ngahlala naye kwaze kwaba cishe ihora lesine, waphinda amazwi nomculo weNightingale, esengene ngokujulile kulo mculo, futhi, ngokuqinisekile, uzojabulisa wonke umuntu.

Futhi kwenzeka ngo-July 28, 1831, lapho umdwebi enza romance Alyabyev ebhola ehlelwe udumo lwakhe nguMbusi-Jikelele WaseMoscow. Intshiseko iwukuhlwithwa, kodwa nokho emibuthanweni yabantu abaphezulu umculi okhokhelwayo akakwazanga ukuzibamba ngokudelela. Lokhu kungahlulelwa ngegama elilodwa lencwadi kaPushkin. Ikhuza umkakhe ngokuhambela elinye lamabhola, imbongi yabhala: “Angifuni umkami aye lapho umniniyo evumela khona ukunganaki nokungahloniphi. Awuyena m-lle Sontag, obizwa kusihlwa, bese bengambheki.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-30, uSontag washiya isiteji se-opera, kodwa waqhubeka nokwenza amakhonsathi. Ngo-1838, isiphetho saphinde samletha eSt. Iminyaka eyisithupha umyeni wakhe, u-Count of Rossi, eyinxusa laseSardinia lapha.

Ngo-1848, izinkinga zezezimali zaphoqa uSontag ukuba abuyele endlini ye-opera. Naphezu kwekhefu elide, ukunqoba kwakhe okusha kwalandela eLondon, eBrussels, eParis, eBerlin, naphesheya kwezilwandle. Isikhathi sokugcina alalelwa ngaso kwakusenhloko-dolobha yaseMexico. Lapho washona ngokuzumayo ngoJuni 17, 1854.