Jochen Kowalski |

UJochen Kowalski

Ubuciko be-countertenor, emakhulwini eminyaka adlule babusetshenziswa kuphela emaculweni esonto, manje sekuwumlando wabo. Konke kwaqala ngokuthi u-Benjamin Britten udale indima yokuqala emlandweni womculo wesimanje ikakhulukazi leli zwi - kwaba yingxenye ka-Oberon ku-opera A Iphupho LaseMidsummer Night. Kodwa-ke, imfashini ehlanganisa konke yama-countertenors yathuthukiswa kamuva, ngokusabalala kobuqiniso ekusebenzeni komculo wasendulo (ikakhulukazi we-baroque). Yake yenziwa abakwa-castrati. Kodwa ngekhulu lama-20, ubuqaba obunjengokuthena baba yinto engenakwenzeka, futhi izinto zokulwa nazo zazidingeka endaweni yazo entsha. Yibo abaqala ukucula umculo kaMonteverdi noHandel, uCavalli noGluck yonke indawo. Futhi, nakuba izici zezwi le-castrato ne-countertenor zingahambelani neze, nokho, lokhu akubakhathazi nhlobo abalandeli bobuqiniso. Omunye umkhakha wama-countertenors ukushintshwa kwe-mezzo-soprano kanye ne-contralto endimeni ye-travesty.

Kwakuyingxenye ye-travesty ye-Fyodor e-Boris Godunov lapho umJalimane u-Johan Kowalski (b. 1983) enza i-debut yakhe ngo-1954 esiteji se-Komische Oper. Lo mculi wazuza udumo emhlabeni wonke ngemva kokukhiqizwa okudumile kwe-Gluck's "Orpheus" enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, eyenziwa nguHarry Kupfer ngoDisemba 1987 futhi yahlelwa ukuba ihambisane nokugubha iminyaka engu-200 yokufa komqambi omkhulu. Ngo-1989, lo mdlalo wathuthela esiteji se-Covent Garden.

U-Kowalski uphinde abe ngumdlali ongenakuqhathaniswa wengxenye ye-Prince Orlovsky ku-Bat. Ube ngumdlalo wakhe wokuqala kuMetropolitan (1995), wayicula ephindelela eVienna Opera (1991-1994) nakwamanye amathiyetha. Ngo-1993, kuMkhosi waseSalzburg, uKowalski wabamba iqhaza ekukhiqizweni okukhaliphile kwekaMonteverdi ethi The Coronation of Poppea kaJurgen Flimm kanye noNikolaus Harnoncourt (Ottone). Ezinye izindima zihlanganisa uJulius Caesar ku-opera ye-Handel enegama elifanayo (1993, Schwetzingen; 1998, Berlin, njll.). I-countertenor's repertoire ihlanganisa nama-opera e-Handel u-Giustino no-Alcina, i-Mithridates ka-Mozart, iNkosi yasePontus.