Zdeněk Fibich |

Zdenek Fibich

Umqambi we-Czech ophawulekayo u-Z. Fibich, kanye no-B. Smetana kanye no-A. Dvorak, babekwe ngokufanelekile phakathi kwabasunguli besikole sikazwelonke sabaqambi. Impilo nomsebenzi womqambi kwaqondana nokukhula kwenhlangano yokushisekela izwe eCzech Republic, ukukhula kokuzazi kwabantu bakhona, futhi lokhu kwabonakala ngokucace kakhulu emisebenzini yakhe. Isazi esijulile somlando wezwe lakhe, umlando wezwe lakubo, uFiebich waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni isiko lomculo laseCzech ikakhulukazi yaseshashalazini yomculo.

Umqambi wazalelwa emndenini wehlathi. UFiebich wachitha ubuntwana bakhe phakathi kwemvelo emangalisayo yaseCzech Republic. Impilo yakhe yonke, wayegcina inkumbulo yobuhle bakhe obusankondlo futhi wathwebula emsebenzini wakhe izithombe zothando, ezinhle kakhulu ezihlobene nemvelo. Omunye wabantu abafunde kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe, enolwazi olujulile noluguquguqukayo emkhakheni womculo, izincwadi nefilosofi, uFibich waqala ukufundela umculo ngobungcweti eneminyaka engu-14. Wathola imfundo yakhe yomculo eSmetana Music School ePrague, kwase kuba seLeipzig Conservatory, futhi kusukela ngo-1868 wathuthuka njengomqambi, okokuqala eParis futhi, ngandlela-thile, eMannheim. Kusukela ngo-1871 (ngaphandle kweminyaka emibili - 1873-74, lapho efundisa e-RMS School of Music eVilnius), lo mqambi wayehlala ePrague. Lapha wasebenza njengomqhubi wesibili kanye nomqondisi wekwaya we-Provisional Theatre, umqondisi wekwaya yeSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, futhi wayephethe ingxenye ye-repertory yeqembu le-opera le-National Theatre. Nakuba uFibich engazange afundise ezikoleni zomculo ePrague, wayenabafundi kamuva ababa abameleli abavelele besiko lomculo laseCzech. Phakathi kwabo kukhona K. Kovarzovats, O. Ostrchil, 3. Nejedly. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igalelo elibalulekile likaFiebich ku-pedagogy kwaba ukusungulwa kwesikole sokudlala upiyano.

Amasiko okuthandana komculo waseJalimane adlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwethalente lomculo likaFebech. Okubaluleke kakhulu kwakuwukuthanda kwami ​​izincwadi zothando zesiCzech, ikakhulukazi izinkondlo zika-J. Vrchlicki, omisebenzi yakhe yaba isisekelo semisebenzi eminingi yomqambi. Njengomculi, u-Fiebich wadlula endleleni enzima yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala emikhulu yama-60-70s. egcwele imibono yokushisekela izwe yenhlangano yemvuselelo yesizwe, iziza nezithombe zibolekwe emlandweni waseCzech nama-epo omdabu, agcwele izindlela ezicacile eziwuphawu lwengoma yesizwe nomdanso. Phakathi kwale misebenzi, inkondlo ye-symphonic ethi Zaboy, Slavoy and Ludek (1874), i-opera-ballad Blanik (1877), imidwebo ye-symphonic u-Toman kanye ne-Forest Fairy, kanye ne-Spring ziphakathi kwemisebenzi eyaletha udumo lomqambi okokuqala ngqa. . Kodwa-ke, umkhakha wobuciko oseduze kakhulu noFebe kwakuyidrama yomculo. Kukuyo, lapho uhlobo ngokwalo ludinga ubudlelwano obuseduze phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zobuciko, lapho isiko eliphakeme, ubuhlakani kanye nobuhlakani bomqambi bathola ukusetshenziswa kwabo. Izazi-mlando zaseCzech ziphawula ukuthi, ngeThe Bride of Messina (1883), uFibich wacebisa i-opera yaseCzech ngenhlekelele yomculo, eyayingenakulingana ngaleso sikhathi ngokomthelela wayo omangalisayo wobuciko. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s - ekuqaleni 90-x gg. UFibich uzinikela emsebenzini wakhe omkhulukazi - isiteji se-melodrama-trilogy "Hippodamia". Ebhalwe embhalweni kaVrchlitsky, owathuthukisa izinganekwane zamaGreki zasendulo ezaziwayo lapha ngomoya wemibono yefilosofi yokuphela kwekhulu leminyaka, lo msebenzi unokufaneleka okuphezulu kwezobuciko, uvuselela futhi ufakazele ukusebenza kohlobo lwe-melodrama.

Ishumi leminyaka lokugcina emsebenzini waseFebeki lalithela kakhulu. Wabhala ama-opera angu-4: "Isiphepho" (1895), "Gedes" (1897), "Sharka" (1897) kanye "Ukuwa kwe-Arcana" (1899). Kodwa-ke, indalo ebaluleke kakhulu yalesi sikhathi kwaba ukwakheka okuyingqayizivele kuwo wonke umhlaba wezincwadi zepiyano - umjikelezo wezingcezu zepiyano ezingama-376 "Imizwa, Imibono Nezinkumbulo". Umlando wemvelaphi yawo uxhumene negama lika-Anezka Schulz, inkosikazi yomqambi. Lo mjikelezo, obizwa ngokuthi u-Z. Nejedly “Idayari yothando ka-Fiebich”, awubanga nje kuphela ukubonakaliswa kwemizwa ejulile yomuntu siqu nejulile yomqambi, kodwa kwaba uhlobo lwelabhorethri yokudala lapho akhipha khona izinto zemisebenzi yakhe eminingi. Izithombe ezimfushane zomjikelezo zaphikiswa ngendlela engavamile ku-Symphonies Yesibili Neyesithathu futhi zithole ukwethuka okukhethekile ku-symphonic idyll Before Evening. Ukulotshwa kwevayolini kwalokhu kuqanjwa, okuphethwe umshayi wevayolini ovelele waseCzech uJ. Kubelik, kwaziwa kabanzi ngaphansi kwegama elithi “Poem”.

I. Vetlitsyna