USamuil Feinberg |

USamuel Feinberg

Okuvelayo kobuhle okuvela encwadini efundiwe, umculo ozwile, isithombe esibonwayo singavuselelwa njalo. Izinto ezibonakalayo ngokwazo ngokuvamile zitholakala kuwe. Kodwa imibono ethile yokwenza izambulo kancane kancane, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iyafiphala enkumbulweni yethu. Noma kunjalo, imihlangano ecacile kakhulu namakhosi avelele, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, abahumushi bokuqala, isikhathi eside inqamule ekuqapheleni okungokomoya komuntu. Okuvelayo okunjalo ngokuqinisekile kufaka phakathi ukuhlangana nobuciko bopiyano buka-Feinberg. Imiqondo yakhe, izincazelo zakhe azizange zingene kunoma yiluphi uhlaka, kunoma yiziphi izincwadi zeBhayibheli; wezwa umculo ngendlela yakhe - yonke ibinzana, ngendlela yakhe wabona uhlobo lomsebenzi, isakhiwo sawo sonke. Lokhu kungabonakala ngisho nanamuhla ngokuqhathanisa okuqoshiwe kukaFeinberg nokudlalwa kwabanye abaculi abakhulu.

Umsebenzi wekhonsathi womculi wathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane. AmaMuscovites amlalela okokugcina ngo-1956. Futhi uFeinberg wazibiza ngokuthi ungumdwebi omkhulu kakade ekupheleni kweMoscow Conservatory (1911). Umfundi wakwa-AB Goldenweiser waletha ekunakekeleni kwekomiti lezivivinyo, ngaphezu kohlelo oluyinhloko (Isandulela, i-chorale kanye ne-fugue ka-Franck, i-Rachmaninoff's Third Concerto kanye neminye imisebenzi), zonke izandulela nama-fugues angu-48 ka-Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier.

Kusukela lapho, uFeinberg usenikeze amakhulukhulu amakhonsathi. Kodwa phakathi kwabo, ukudlala esikoleni sasehlathini eSokolniki kunendawo ekhethekile. Kwenzeka ngo-1919. VI Lenin weza ukuvakashela guys. Ngesicelo sakhe, u-Feinberg wabe esedlala i-Chopin's Prelude ku-D flat major. Umdlali wopiyano uyakhumbula: “Wonke umuntu owajabulela ukuba nengxenye ekhonsathini encane ngokwasemandleni akhe akazange akwazi ukuzibamba ngaphandle kokuvezwa uthando olumangalisayo nolukhazimulayo lwempilo ka-Vladimir Ilyich ... kuwo wonke abaculi, lapho ubonakala uzizwa ngokomzimba ukuthi wonke umsindo uthola impendulo enomusa, ezwelayo evela ezilalelini.

Umculi onombono obanzi namasiko amahle, u-Feinberg unake kakhulu ukuqamba. Phakathi kwezingoma zakhe kukhona amakhonsathi amathathu kanye ne-sonatas eyishumi nambili yopiyano, amazwi amancane asekelwe ezinkondlweni zikaPushkin, Lermontov, Blok. Okwenani elikhulu lobuciko imibhalo ka-Feinberg, ngokuyinhloko yemisebenzi ka-Bach, efakwe ohlwini lwamaphiyano amaningi ekhonsathi. Wanikela ngamandla amaningi ekufundiseni, enguprofesa eMoscow Conservatory kusukela ngo-1922. (Ngo-1940 waklonyeliswa ngezinga likaDokotela Wezobuciko). Phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kwakukhona abaculi bekhonsathi nothisha I. Aptekarev, N. Emelyanova, V. Merzhanov, V. Petrovskaya, L. Zyuzin, Z. Ignatieva, V. Natanson, A. Sobolev, M. Yeshchenko, L. Roshchina nabanye . Noma kunjalo, wangena emlandweni wobuciko bomculo waseSoviet, okokuqala, njengengcweti evelele yokusebenza kwepiyano.

Iziqalo ezingokomzwelo nezingokwengqondo ngandlela thize zazixhumene ngokuqinile nombono wakhe womhlaba womculo. UProfesa VA Natanson, umfundi waseFeinberg, uyagcizelela: “Ingcweti ehlakaniphile, yayibheka njengokubaluleke kakhulu umbono oqondile, ongokomzwelo womculo. Wayenombono ongemuhle nganoma yikuphi “ukuqondisa” nokuhumusha ngamabomu, kuma-nuances akude. Wahlanganisa ngokuphelele intuition nobuhlakani. Izingxenye zokusebenza ezifana ne-dynamics, i-agogics, i-aticulation, ukukhiqizwa komsindo bezilokhu kusekelwa ngesitayela. Ngisho namagama asuliwe njengokuthi “ukufunda umbhalo” aba nenjongo: “wabona” umculo ngokujulile ngokumangalisayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kwakubonakala sengathi wayeminyene ngaphakathi kohlaka lomsebenzi owodwa. Ubuhlakani bakhe bobuciko badonsela ekuguquleni okubanzi kwesitayela.

Ngokombono wokugcina, i-repertoire yakhe, eyakhiwa izingqimba ezinkulu, iyisici. Omunye omkhulu kunayo yonke umculo ka-Bach: ama-preludes angu-48 nama-fugues, kanye nezingoma eziningi zokuqala zomqambi omkhulu. Abafundi bakaFeinberg babhala ngo-1960: “Indlela asebenza ngayo uBach ifanelwe ukutadisha okukhethekile. Esebenza yonke impilo yakhe yokudala ku-polyphony ka-Bach, u-Feinberg njengomdlali wazuza imiphumela ephakeme kangaka kule ndawo, ukubaluleka kwayo, mhlawumbe, okungakadalulwa ngokugcwele. Ekwenzeni kwakhe, u-Feinberg akalokothi “alinciphe” ifomu, “akayitusi” imininingwane. Incazelo yawo isuka encazelweni evamile yomsebenzi. Unobuciko bokubumba. Imisho yomdlali wopiyano ecashile, endizayo idala, njengokungathi, umdwebo oyingcaca. Ukuxhuma ezinye iziqephu, ukugqamisa ezinye, kugcizelela ipulasitiki yenkulumo yomculo, ufinyelela ubuqotho obumangalisayo bokusebenza.

Indlela “yomjikelezo” ichaza isimo sengqondo sikaFeinberg ngakuBeethoven noScriabin. Esinye seziqephu ezikhumbulekayo zempilo yekhonsathi yaseMoscow ukudlala komdlali wopiyano ama-sonatas angamashumi amathathu nambili kaBeethoven. Emuva ngo-1925 wadlala wonke ama-sonata ayishumi kaScriabin. Eqinisweni, wabuye wakwazi emhlabeni wonke imisebenzi eyinhloko kaChopin, Schumann nabanye ababhali. Futhi kumqambi ngamunye ayecula, wayekwazi ukuthola i-engeli ekhethekile yokubuka, ngezinye izikhathi ephikisana nesiko elamukelwa ngokuvamile. Ngalo mqondo, ukuqaphela kuka-AB Goldenweiser kuyinkomba: “Akukwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuvumelana nakho konke encazelweni ka-Feinberg: ukuthambekela kwakhe ezinyathelo ezisheshayo ezidizzy, imvelaphi yama-caesuras akhe - konke lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kuyaphikiswana; nokho, ubuciko obukhethekile bomdlali wopiyano, ubuntu bakhe obungavamile, kanye nesiqalo esiqinile esisho isiqalo esenza umdlalo ukholise futhi uhehe ngisho nomlaleli ophikisayo ngaphandle kokuthanda.”

UFeinberg wayedlala umculo wabantu besikhathi sakhe ngentshiseko. Ngakho-ke, wethula abalaleli ezintweni ezintsha ezithakazelisayo ngu-N. Myaskovsky, AN Alexandrov, okokuqala ngqa e-USSR wenza i-Third Piano Concerto ngu-S. Prokofiev; Ngokwemvelo, wayengutolika omuhle kakhulu wezingoma zakhe. Umsuka wokucabanga okungokomfanekiso otholakala ku-Feinberg awuzange ukhaphele umdwebi ekuchazeni ama-opses esimanje. Futhi upiyano lukaFeinberg ngokwalo lwaluphawulwe ngezimfanelo ezikhethekile. USolwazi AA Nikolaev wadonsela ukunaka kulokhu: “Izindlela zekhono likaFeinberg lokudlala upiyano nazo ziyinqaba - ukunyakaza kweminwe yakhe, akalokothi ashaye, futhi njengokungathi uphulula okhiye, ithoni yensimbi esobala futhi ngezinye izikhathi ethambile, umehluko wemisindo, ubuhle bephethini yesigqi.”

… Umshayi wopiyano wake waphawula: “Ngicabanga ukuthi umculi wangempela ubonakala ngokuyinhloko nge-refractive index, akwaziyo ukuwenza, enze isithombe somsindo.” I-coefficient ka-Feinberg yayinkulu.

Lit. cit.: I-Pianism njengobuciko. – M., 1969; Ubungcweti bomdlali wepiyano. -M., 1978.

Lit.: SE Feinberg. Umdlali wepiyano. Umqambi. Umcwaningi. -M., 1984.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek