Vasily Polikarpovich Titov |

Vasily Titov

Umculo… uhlobisa amazwi kaNkulunkulu ngokuhuba okuvumelanayo, ujabulisa inhliziyo, uletha injabulo emphefumulweni ngokuhlabelela okungcwele. I-Ioanniky Korenev Treatise "Music", 1671

Ukuguquka kobuciko basekhaya bekhulu le-1678, okwaphawula ukufika kweNkathi Entsha, nakho kwathinta umculo: engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu leminyaka, amagama abaqambi - ochwepheshe bezingxenye zokubhala baziwa eRussia. Kwakuyisitayela sezingxenye - okunemibala eminingi, ukucula kwekwaya okunemizwa ngokukhululekile emaphimbweni amaningana - okwavula ithuba lokwakhiwa kobuntu bombhali. Phakathi kwamagama abaqambi umlando owasilethela wona kusukela ekhulwini le-1686. kanye no-Nikolai Diletsky, uVasily Titov uhlukaniswa ngesilinganiso sethalente nokuzala. Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwegama likaTitov kwenzeka ngo-1687 lapho kufakwa ohlwini lwabahlabeleli benkosi. Uma sibheka idatha egciniwe, ngokushesha umculi wathatha isikhundla esiphambili ekwayeni - ngokusobala, sibonga hhayi kuphela ngezwi, kodwa futhi nokuqamba ithalente. Ngo-XNUMX noma XNUMX uTitov waqamba umculo we-Simeon Polotsky's Poetry Psalter. Ikhophi yalo mbhalo wesandla onikezelweyo yanikezwa umqambi kumbusi, uPrincess Sophia:

… I-Psalter esanda kushicilelwa Ibhalelwe inkazimulo kaNkulunkulu: Isanda kuvumela amanothi, Ukumnika Indodakazi Ehlakaniphile, Evela kuVasily idikoni umculi, uTitov, isigqila sabo esithobeke kakhulu…

Kuze kube ngu-1698, uTitov waqhubeka ekhonza njengomabhalane wokucula, wabe esengumhloli eHholo Ledolobha laseMoscow futhi, mhlawumbe, wayephethe isikole sokucula. Umbhalo ka-1704 usivumela ukuba sikucabange lokhu, ofundeka kanje: “Bagebenga abaculi abathathwe eTitov, bayala abaculi ukuba bafundise ama-gaboes nezinye izinsimbi, yebo, ngenkuthalo, futhi bayala ukuba othile abaqondise. nabo ngokungaphezi.” Ngokusobala, sikhuluma ngokuqeqeshwa kwabaculi abancane. Umbhalo wesandla ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVII-XVIII. futhi ubiza uTitov ngokuthi “inkosi yasebukhosini kuMsindisi eNova” (okungukuthi, kwelinye lamasonto ombhishobhi eMoscow Kremlin) “umabhalane ongenhla.” Alukho ulwazi lwedokhumentari mayelana nekusasa lomculi. Kuyaziwa kuphela ukuthi uTitov wabhala ikhonsathi yamakwaya yomkhosi wokuhlonipha ukunqoba kwePoltava kwabaseSweden (1709). Abanye abacwaningi, abalandela isazi-mlando somculo u-N. Findeisen, bathi usuku lokufa kukaTitov cishe luyi-1715.

Umsebenzi omkhulu kaTitov uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokucula kwezingxenye. Ukuthembela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwesizukulwane esidala sabaphathi bezingxenye zokubhala - u-Diletsky, Davidovich, S. Pekalitsky - U-Titov unikeza amaphuzu akhe e-choral ubukhazikhazi be-baroque kanye ne-juiciness. Umculo wakhe uthola ukuqashelwa kabanzi. Lokhu kungahlulelwa ngohlu oluningi lwemisebenzi kaTitov, egcinwe ezindaweni eziningi zokugcina imibhalo yesandla.

Umqambi udale imisebenzi emikhulu engaphezu kuka-200, okuhlanganisa nemijikelezo eyisikhumbuzo njengezinkonzo (inkonzo yokukhulekela), Dogmatics, iSonto likaMama kaNkulunkulu, kanye namakhonsathi ezingxenye eziningi (cishe i-100). Kunzima ukuthola inani eliqondile lezingoma zikaTitov, kusukela emibhalweni yesandla yomculo yekhulu le-12-16. ngokuvamile igama lombhali lalingashiwongo. Umculi usebenzise ama-ensembles ahlukahlukene: kusukela ekuhlanganiseni okunesizotha kwezingxenye ezintathu zohlobo lwe-Kantian ku-"Poetic Psalter" kuya ekwayeni ye-polyphonic, okuhlanganisa namazwi angu-24, XNUMX ngisho nayi-XNUMX. Njengomculi onolwazi, uTitov waqonda ngokujulile izimfihlo zomsindo ozwakalayo, ocebile kuma-nuances womsindo wekhwaya. Nakuba zingekho izinsimbi zomculo ezihilelekile emisebenzini yakhe, ukusetshenziswa ngobuchule kwamathuba ekwaya kudala iphalethi yomsindo enamanzi, ene-multi-timbral. Ubuhlakani bokubhala kwamakhwaya buyisici ikakhulukazi samakhonsathi e-partes, lapho izibabazo ezinamandla zekhwaya zincintisana nama-ensembles asobala wamazwi ahlukahlukene, izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-polyphony ziqhathaniswa ngempumelelo, futhi kuvela umehluko wezindlela nosayizi. Ukusebenzisa imibhalo yenkolo, umqambi wakwazi ukunqoba ukulinganiselwa kwabo futhi adale umculo oqotho nogcwele igazi, obhekiswe kumuntu. Isibonelo salokhu ikhonsathi ethi "Rtsy Us Now", okuyinto ngendlela engokomfanekiso ekhazimulisa ukunqoba kwezikhali zaseRussia eMpini yasePoltava. Igcwele umuzwa wokugubha okukhazimulayo, idlulisa ngobuciko isimo sokujabula kwabantu abaningi, le khonsathi yathatha impendulo eqondile yomqambi emcimbini obaluleke kakhulu wesikhathi sakhe. Umzwelo ojabulisayo nobuqotho obufudumele bomculo kaTitov bugcina amandla abo ethonya kumlaleli ngisho nanamuhla.

N. Zabolotnaya