Ariy Moiseevich Pazovsky |

U-Ariy Pazovsky

Umqhubi weSoviet, Umculi Wabantu we-USSR (1940), owawina imiklomelo emithathu kaStalin (1941, 1942, 1943). UPazovsky wadlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni inkundla yomculo yaseRussia neSoviet. Ukuphila kwakhe kokudala kuyisibonelo esicacile senkonzo yokuzidela kwezobuciko bakhe bomdabu. U-Pazovsky wayengumculi weqiniso omusha, wayehlala ethembekile emibonweni yobuciko obungokoqobo.

Umfundi kaLeopold Auer, uPazovsky waqala umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko njengomdlali we-violinist virtuoso, enikeza amakhonsathi ngemva kokuphothula eSt. umsizi womqhubi eYekaterinburg Opera House. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, cishe ingxenye yekhulu leminyaka, umsebenzi wakhe ubuhlotshaniswa nobuciko bemidlalo yaseshashalazini.

Ngisho nangaphambi kuka-Okthoba Revolution, uPazovsky wahola izinkampani eziningi ze-opera. Izinkathi ezimbili zonyaka wayengumqhubi we-opera ka-S. Zimin eMoscow (1908-1910), bese - Kharkov, Odessa, Kyiv. Indawo ebalulekile ku-biography yomculi ibanjwe umsebenzi wakhe olandelayo e-Petrograd People's House. Lapha wakhuluma kakhulu noChaliapin. “Izingxoxo zobuciko noChaliapin,” kuphawula uPazovsky, “ucwaningo olujulile lobuciko bakhe, olwakhuliswa ingoma yomdabu yaseRussia kanye namasiko amakhulu angokoqobo omculo waseRussia, ekugcineni kwangiqinisekisa ukuthi asikho isimo sesiteji okufanele siphazamise ukucula okumnandi ngempela, okungukuthi, umculo. … »

Ithalenta likaPazovsky lenzeka ngokugcwele ngemva kwe-Great October Revolution. Wenza okuningi ekusungulweni kwezinkampani ze-opera zase-Ukraine, wayengumqhubi oyinhloko we-Leningrad Opera ne-Ballet Theatre eqanjwe ngo-SM Kirov (1936-1943), kwase kuthi iminyaka emihlanu - umqondisi wezobuciko kanye nomqhubi omkhulu we-Bolshoi Theatre yase-USSR. . (Ngaphambi kwalokho, wenza imidlalo e-Bolshoi Theatre ngo-1923-1924 nango-1925-1928.)

Nakhu okushiwo u-K. Kondrashin mayelana no-Pazovsky: "Uma ubuza ukuthi ungayiveza kanjani i-credo yokudala ka-Pazovsky ngamafuphi, khona-ke ungaphendula: ubungcweti obuphakeme kakhulu kanye nokuzimisela kuwena nakwabanye. Kunezindaba ezaziwa kakhulu mayelana nendlela uPazovsky aqhuba ngayo abaculi ekukhathaleni ngezidingo "zesikhathi" esihle. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngokwenza lokhu, ekugcineni wathola inkululeko enkulu yokudala, njengoba izinkinga zobuchwepheshe zaba lula futhi azizange zithathe ukunaka komdwebi. UPazovsky wayethanda futhi ekwazi ukuzilolonga. Ngisho nasekuziqeqesheni kwekhulu, wathola amagama ezidingo ezintsha ze-timbre nemibala engokwengqondo. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi akazange aphendukele kubantu abaphethe izinsimbi ezandleni zabo, kodwa kubaculi: yonke imiyalelo yakhe yayihlala ihambisana nokuthethelelwa ngokomzwelo ... U-Preobrazhenskaya, uNelepp, uKashevarova, u-Yashugiya, uFreidkov, u-Verbitskaya nabanye abaningi bakweleta ukuthuthukiswa kwabo kobuciko ngokusebenza naye ... Ukudlala ngakunye kuka-Pazovsky kwakungaqoshwa efilimini, ukusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Yebo, ukusebenza kukaPazovsky njalo kwaba umcimbi empilweni yobuciko yezwe. Ama-classics aseRussia aphakathi nendawo yokunaka kwakhe kokudala: u-Ivan Susanin, uRuslan noLyudmila, u-Boris Godunov, uKhovanshchina, u-Prince Igor, uSadko, incekukazi yasePskov, i-Snow Maiden, iNdlovukazi ye-Spades , "Eugene Onegin", "I-Enchantress", " Mazeppa” … Ngokuvamile lena bekuyimidlalo eyisibonelo ngempela! Kanye nama-classics aseRussia nawakwamanye amazwe, uPazovsky unikele amandla amaningi ku-opera yaseSoviet. Ngakho, ngo-1937 wenza isiteji sika-O. Chishko esithi "Battleship Potemkin", futhi ngo-1942 - "Emelyan Pugachev" kaM. Koval.

U-Pazovsky wasebenza futhi wadala impilo yakhe yonke ngenjongo engavamile nokuzinikela. Ukugula okubi kuphela okungamsusa emsebenzini wakhe awuthandayo. Kodwa nalapho akazange aphele amandla. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, uPazovsky wasebenza encwadini lapho embule khona ngokujulile nangokubanzi imininingwane yomsebenzi womqhubi we-opera. Incwadi yenkosi ephawulekayo isiza izizukulwane ezintsha zabaculi ukuhamba endleleni yobuciko obungokoqobo, lapho uPazovsky ayethembekile khona kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe.

Lit .: Pazovsky A. Umqhubi nomculi. M. 1959; Amanothi Omqhubi. M., 1966.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek