Ukushintsha |

kusukela ekushintsheni sekwephuzile - ushintsho

1) Ukuphakamisa noma ukwehlisa izinga lesikali esikhulu ngaphandle kokushintsha igama laso. Ngengozi: (ibukhali, iphakama nge-semitone), (yisicaba, iwa nge-semitone), (ibukhali ngokuphindwe kabili, ikhuphuka ngezwi), (i-flat-flat, iwa ngethoni). Izimpawu zokukhuphuka nokuncipha okuphindwe kathathu azisetshenziswa (okuhlukile ku-Rimsky-Korsakov ethi The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh, inombolo 220).

Izingozi ekuqaleni komugqa womculo onokhiye (ukhiye) zisebenza kuwo wonke ama-octave kuze kube yilapho zishintsha. Izingozi ngaphambi kwenothi (okungahleliwe) zisebenza kuphela ku-octave eyodwa ngaphakathi kwebha enikeziwe. Ukwenqaba ukuguqulwa kuboniswa uphawu (bekar).

Ekuqaleni, kwavela umqondo wokuguqulwa mayelana nohlaka olukabili lomsindo B, owawuvele uhlangene nawo ngekhulu le-10. Uphawu oluyindilinga lwalusho inothi eliphansi (noma "elithambile", isiFulentshi -mol, yingakho igama elithi flat); i-rectangular - ephakeme ("isikwele", isiFulentshi. sarry, ngakho-ke i-becar); uphawu isikhathi eside (kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-17) kwakuyinguqulo efanayo ye-bekar.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17-18. okungahleliwe futhi baqala ukwenza kuze kube sekupheleni kwebha (ngaphambilini bahlala besebenza kuphela lapho inothi elifanayo liphindaphindiwe), izingozi eziphindwe kabili zethulwa. Emculweni wesimanje, ngenxa yokuthambekela ku-chromatization yesistimu ye-tonal, ukulungiselelwa kwezingozi ezibalulekile kuvame ukulahlekelwa incazelo yakho (kufanele zikhanselwe ngokushesha). Emculweni we-dodecaphone, izingozi zivame ukubekwa ngaphambi kwenothi ngalinye elishintshiwe (ngaphandle kwalawo aphindaphindwayo ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso); izimpawu ezimbili azisetshenziswa.

2) Emfundisweni yokuvumelana, ukuguqulwa kuvame ukuqondwa njengokuguqulwa kwechromatic kwezinyathelo eziyinhloko ezingazinzile zesilinganiso, okulola ukukhanga kwazo kwezizinzile (emisindweni ye-tonic triad). Isibonelo, ku-C major:

Amagama aqukethe imisindo eguquliwe abizwa ngokuthi ashintshiwe. Ababaluleke kakhulu kubo bakha amaqembu ama-3. Isisekelo ngasinye sazo singukukhuphuka kwesithupha, okutholakala i-semitone ngaphezu kwemisindo ye-tonic triad. Ithebula lama-chords ashintshiwe (ngokusho kwe-IV Sposobin):

Kwenye incazelo, ukuguqulwa ngokuvamile kusho noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kwechromatic kwechodi ye-diatonic, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukunyakaza kwechromatic kuqondiswe kumisindo ye-tonic noma cha (X. Riemann, G. Schenker, A. Schoenberg, G. Erpf). Isibonelo, ku-C-dur, i-ce-ges iwukuguqulwa kukanxantathu we-XNUMX, i-a-cis-e ingunxantathu we-XNUMX degree.

3) Ekubhalweni kokuya esikhathini, ukuguqulwa ukuphindwa kabili kwezikhathi zenothi ezimbili ezilinganayo (isibonelo, okwesibili kwama-semibrevise amabili) lapho kuguqulwa imitha enezingxenye ezimbili ibe ingxenye eyodwa; | | kumamitha aphindwe kabili (ngombhalo wesimanje onesigqi) phenduka ube | | kokuthathu.

References: Tyulin Yu., Ukufundisa ngokuvumelana, ingxenye I, L., 1937, M., 1966; U-Aerova F., ukuguqulwa kweLadova, K., 1962; Berkov V., Harmony, ingxenye 2, M., 1964, (zonke izingxenye ezintathu emqulwini owodwa) M., 3; Sposobin I., Izinkulumo ngenkambo yokuvumelana, M., 1970; Schenker H., Neue musikalische Theorien und Phantasien…, Bd 1968, B.-Stuttg., 1; Schönberg A., Harmonlelehre, Lpz.-W., 1906, W., 1911; Riemann H., Handbuch der Harmonie- und Modulationslehre, Lpz., 1949; Kurth E., Romantische Harmonik und ihre Krise in Wagners “Tristan”, Bern, 1913; Erpf H., Studien zur Harmonie- und Klangtechnik der neueren Musik, Lpz., 1920.

Yu. N. Kholopov