UKarl (Karoy) Goldmark (Karl Goldmark) |

UKarl Goldmark

Impilo nomsebenzi ka-Karoly Goldmark kuwumzabalazo oqhubekayo wesinkwa, umzabalazo wolwazi, indawo yokuphila, uthando lobuhle, izicukuthwane, ubuciko.

Imvelo inikeze umqambi amakhono akhethekile: ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ngenxa yentando yensimbi, i-Goldmark yayizifundisa, ifunda njalo. Ngisho nasempilweni yomculo ecebe ngokwedlulele, enemibala eminingi yekhulu lesi-XNUMX, wakwazi ukugcina ubuntu bakhe, umbala okhethekile ocwebezelayo onemibala emihle yasempumalanga, iphimbo elinesivunguvungu, ukunotha okungavamile kwezingoma ezigcwele wonke umsebenzi wakhe.

I-Goldmark izifundise yona. Othisha bamfundisa ubuciko bokudlala ivayolini kuphela. Ubungcweti obuyinkimbinkimbi be-counterpoint, indlela ethuthukisiwe yokwenza izinsimbi, kanye nezimiso zomculo wesimanje, uzifundela yena.

Wayephuma emkhayeni ompofu kangangokuthi lapho eneminyaka engu-12 wayengasakwazi ukufunda nokubhala, futhi lapho efika ezongena uthisha wakhe wokuqala, umdlali wevayolini, bamnika izipho, becabanga ukuthi uyisinxibi. Njengomuntu omdala, osekhulile njengeciko, uGoldmark waba omunye wabaculi abahlonishwa kakhulu eYurophu.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-14, umfana wathuthela eVienna, kumfowabo omdala uJoseph Goldmark, ngaleso sikhathi owayengumfundi wezokwelapha. E-Vienna, waqhubeka edlala i-violin, kodwa umfowabo wayengakholelwa ukuthi i-violinist enhle izophuma e-Goldmark, futhi waphikelela ukuthi umfana angene esikoleni sobuchwepheshe. Umfana uyalalela, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo unenkani. Ukungena esikoleni, kanyekanye uthatha izivivinyo e-conservatory.

Nokho, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, uGoldmark waphoqeleka ukuba aphazamise izifundo zakhe. Kwagqashuka uguquko eVienna. UJosef Goldmark, owayengomunye wabaholi babavukeli abasha, kumele abalekele - amasosha ombuso amfunayo. Umfundi osemncane we-Conservatory, uKaroly Goldmark, uya eSopron futhi ubamba iqhaza ezimpini ngasohlangothini lwabavukeli baseHungary. Ngo-Okthoba 1849, umculi osemusha waba i-violinist ku-orchestra yeSopron Theatre Company yaseCottown.

Ehlobo lika-1850, uGoldmark wathola isimemo sokuza eBuda. Lapha udlala ku-orchestra enandisa ezindaweni kanye naseshashalazini yaseBuda Castle. Ozakwabo bayinkampani engahleliwe, kodwa nokho uyazuza kubo. Bamethula kumculo we-opera wangaleso sikhathi - emculweni kaDonizetti, Rossini, Verdi, Meyerbeer, Aubert. UGoldmark uze aqashe upiyano futhi ekugcineni afeze iphupho lakhe elidala: ufunda ukudlala upiyano, futhi ngempumelelo emangalisayo kangangokuthi ngokushesha uqala ukuzifundisa futhi asebenze njengomdlali wopiyano emabholeni.

Ngo-February 1852 sithola iGoldmark eVienna, lapho edlala khona eqenjini le-orchestra yaseshashalazini. “Umngane” wakhe othembekile - isidingo - asimshiyi nalapha.

Wayeneminyaka engaba ngu-30 lapho naye ecula njengomqambi.

Ngama-60s, iphephandaba lomculo elihamba phambili, i-Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, lalivele libhala ngoGoldmark njengomqambi ovelele. Ngemuva kwempumelelo kwafika izinsuku eziqhakazile, ezingakhathali. Umbuthano wabangane bakhe uhlanganisa umshayi wepiyano waseRussia ophawulekayo u-Anton Rubinstein, umqambi uCornelius, umbhali wencwadi ethi The Barber of Baghdad, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, uFranz Liszt, okwathi, ngokuzethemba okungenakuphutha, wabona ikhono elikhulu kuGoldmark. Ngalesi sikhathi, wabhala imisebenzi eyaba nempumelelo emhlabeni wonke: “Ihubo Lasentwasahlobo” (ye-viola eyedwa, ikhwaya ne-orchestra), “I-Country Wedding” (i-symphony ye-orchestra enkulu) kanye nengoma ethi “Sakuntala” eyaqanjwa ngoMeyi 1865.

Ngenkathi i-"Sakuntala" ivuna impumelelo enkulu, umqambi waqala ukusebenza kumphumela we "Queen of Sheba".

Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokusebenza kanzima, ukuzikhandla, i-opera yayisilungile. Kodwa-ke, ukugxekwa kweshashalazi akuzange kucabangele ukuthandwa okukhulayo komdali we "Sakuntala". Ngaphansi kwezaba ezingenasisekelo kakhulu, i-opera yenqatshwa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Futhi uGoldmark, edumele, wahlehla. Wafihla amaphuzu eNdlovukazi yaseSheba edroweni etafuleni lakhe.

Kamuva, uLiszt wamsiza, futhi kwelinye lamakhonsathi akhe wenza imashi evela eNdlovukazi yaseSheba.

“Imashi,” kubhala umlobi ngokwakhe, “yaba impumelelo enkulu, enezivunguvungu. UFranz Liszt esidlangalaleni, ukuze wonke umuntu ezwe, wangihalalisela ... "

Ngisho namanje, nokho, leli qembu alikawuyeki umzabalazo walo wokulwa noGoldmark. Inkosi eyesabekayo yomculo eVienna, uHanslick, ikhuluma nge-opera ngepeni elilodwa nje: “Umsebenzi awufaneleki esiteji. Okuwukuphela kwesiqephu esisazwakala ngandlela thize imashi. Futhi kusanda kuqedwa…”

Kwathatha ukungenelela okuqinile kukaFranz Liszt ukuze aphule ukumelana kwabaholi be-Vienna Opera. Ekugcineni, ngemva komzabalazo omude, iNdlovukazi yaseSheba yadlalwa ngoMashi 10, 1875 esiteji seVienna Opera.

Ngemva konyaka, i-opera yaphinde yadlalwa eHungarian National Theatre, lapho yayiqhutshwa khona nguSandor Erkel.

Ngemva kokuphumelela eVienna and Pest, iNdlovukazi yaseSheba yangena emculweni wezindlu ze-opera eYurophu. Igama likaGoldmark manje selishiwo kanye namagama abaqambi abakhulu be-opera.

Balasha, Gal