Janis Andreevich Ivanov (Jānis Ivanovs) |

Janis Ivanovs

Phakathi kwabasunguli be-symphony yaseSoviet, enye yezindawo ezivelele ithathwe ngokufanelekile ngu-Y. Ivanov. Igama lakhe lihlotshaniswa nokwakhiwa nokuchuma kwe-symphony yaseLatvia, anikela kuyo cishe yonke impilo yakhe yokudala. Ifa lika-Ivanov lihlukile kuhlobo: kanye nama-symphonies, wakha imisebenzi eminingi ye-symphonic yohlelo (izinkondlo, ama-overtures, njll.), amakhonsathi ka-1936, izinkondlo ezi-3 zekwaya ne-orchestra, inani lama-ensembles ekamelo (kuhlanganise nezintambo ezi-2 zezintambo, i-piano trio. ) , izingoma zopiyano (ama-sonata, ukuhluka, umjikelezo "Izikeshi Ezingamashumi Amabili Nane"), izingoma, umculo wefilimu. Kodwa kwaba ku-symphony ukuthi u-Ivanov wazibonakalisa ngokucacile nangokugcwele. Ngalo mqondo, ubuntu bokudala bomqambi buseduze kakhulu no-N. Myaskovsky. Ithalente lika-Ivanov lakhula isikhathi eside, kancane kancane lithuthuka futhi lithola izici ezintsha. Izimiso zobuciko zakhiwa ngesisekelo samasiko asendulo aseYurophu naseRussia, athuthukiswe ubuzwe, ukuthembela kunganekwane yaseLatvia.

Enhliziyweni yomqambi, iLatgale yakhe yomdabu, izwe lamachibi aluhlaza, lapho azalelwa khona emndenini ompofu, igxiliwe unomphela. Izithombe ze-Motherland kamuva zaphila ku-Sixth (“Latgale”) Symphony (1949), enye yezinhle kakhulu emlandweni wakhe. Ebusheni bakhe, u-Ivanov waphoqeleka ukuba abe isisebenzi sasepulazini, kodwa ngenxa yokusebenza kanzima nokuzinikela, wakwazi ukungena e-Riga Conservatory, lapho athola khona iziqu ngo-1933 ekilasini lokuqamba no-J. Vitols nasekilasini lokuqhuba noG. Shnefogt. Umqambi wanikela amandla amaningi emisebenzini yezemfundo neyokufundisa. Sekuyiminyaka engaba ngu-30 (kuze kube ngu-1961) esebenza emsakazweni, ngemuva kwempi wahola ubuholi bokusakaza umculo we-republic. Igalelo lika-Ivanov emfundweni yabaqambi abasha eLatvia libaluleke kakhulu. Ekilasini lakhe le-conservatory, alifundisa kusukela ngo-1944, kwaphuma izingcweti eziningi zomculo waseLatvia: phakathi kwazo uJ. Karlone, O. Gravitis, R. Pauls nabanye.

Yonke indlela yokuphila ka-Ivanov yanqunywa yi-pathos yokudala, lapho ama-symphonies akhe abe yizindatshana ezihamba phambili. Njengama-symphonies ka-D. Shostakovich, angabizwa ngokuthi "i-chronicle of the era." Ngokuvamile umqambi wethula izici zokuhlela kuzo - unikeza izincazelo ezinemininingwane (Okwesithupha), izihloko zomjikelezo noma izingxenye zawo (Okwesine, "Atlantis" - 1941; Okweshumi nambili, "Sinfonia energica" - 1967; Eleshumi nantathu, "Symphonia humana" - 1969), ishintsha ukubukeka kohlobo lwe-symphony (yeshumi nane, "ikhamera ye-Sinfonia da" yezintambo - 1971; i-Thirteenth, ku-st. Z. Purvs, ngokubamba iqhaza komfundi, njll.), ivuselela isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi . Imvelaphi yesitayela sokudala sika-Ivanov inquma kakhulu iculo lakhe elibanzi, umsuka walo osengomeni yomdabu yaseLatvia, kodwa futhi usondele ekubhalweni kwezingoma zesiSlavic.

I-symphonism yenkosi yaseLatvia inezici eziningi: njengaleyo kaMyaskovsky, ihlanganisa womabili amagatsha e-symphony yaseRussia - epic futhi ephawulekayo. Esikhathini sokuqala, ubuciko be-epic, uhlobo lwe-lyrical lunqoba emisebenzini ka-Ivanov, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isitayela sakhe siyakhula ngokungqubuzana, idrama, ifinyelela ekupheleni kwendlela ukulula okuphezulu nefilosofi ehlakaniphile. Izwe lomculo ka-Ivanov licebile futhi lihlukahlukene: nansi izithombe zemvelo, imidwebo yansuku zonke, amazwi kanye nenhlekelele. Indodana yeqiniso yabantu bakhe, umqambi wasabela ngenhliziyo yonke osizini nasekujabuleni kwabo. Enye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini womqambi ibanjwe yindikimba yomphakathi. Kakade ngo-1941, wayengowokuqala eLatvia ukuphendula izenzakalo zempi nge-symphony-allegory ethi "Atlantis", futhi kamuva wajulisa lesi sihloko ku-Fifth (1945) futhi ikakhulukazi kuma-symphonies wesishiyagalolunye (1960). U-Ivanov naye waba iphayona ekudalulweni kwetimu ye-Leninist, enikezela i-Symphony yeshumi nantathu ekugubheni iminyaka eyi-100 yomholi. Umqambi ubelokhu enomuzwa wokuzibophezela, umthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu wesiphetho sabantu bakhe, abakhonza ngokwethembeka hhayi kuphela ngobuciko, kodwa futhi nemisebenzi yakhe yezenhlalakahle. Lapho ngo-May 3, 1984, i-Twenty-First Symphony yomqambi, eyaqedwa umfundi ka-Ivanov u-J. Karlssons, yenziwa eRiga, yabhekwa njengobufakazi bomculi ovelele, “indaba yakhe yokugcina eqotho mayelana nesikhathi nangaye ngokwakhe.”

G. Zhdanova