UJacques Ibert (Jacques Ibert) |

UJacques Ibert

UJacques Ibert (igama eligcwele uJacques Francois Antoine Ibert, Agasti 15, 1890, Paris - February 5, 1962, Paris) wayengumqambi waseFrance.

U-Iber wazalelwa u-Antoine Ibert, umdayisi, kanye noMarguerite Lartigue, umzala wesibili kaManuel de Falla. Lapho eneminyaka emine, waqala ukufunda ukudlala ivayolini nopiyano ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukanina. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nambili, wafunda incwadi yokuvumelana kaReber noDubois, waqala ukuqamba ama-waltzes amancane nezingoma. Ngemva kokuphothula isikole, wathola umsebenzi wokuba umphathi wesitolo ukuze asize uyise, owayebhizinisi lakhe lalingasebenzi kahle ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokuyimfihlo kubazali bakhe, wafunda ngasese i-solfeggio kanye nethiyori yomculo, futhi waya emakilasini okulingisa kaPaul Moonet. UMune weluleka le nsizwa ukuba ikhethe umsebenzi wokuba ngumdlali, kodwa abazali baka-Iber abazange bawusekele lo mbono, futhi wanquma ukuzinikela ngokuphelele emculweni.

Ngo-1910, ngeseluleko sikaManuel de Falla, u-Iber wafaka isicelo ku-Paris Conservatoire futhi wamukelwa kuyo ngokuthi "umlaleli", futhi ngemva konyaka - ukuze aqeqeshwe ngokugcwele emakilasini okuphikisana no-André Gedalge, ukuvumelana - Emile Pessar. , ukuqanjwa kanye ne-orchestration - u-Paul Vidal. Phakathi kwabafundi afunda nabo kwakukhona abaqambi abadumile bakusasa u-Arthur Honegger noDarius Milhaud. U-Ibert wayeziphilisa ngokunikeza izifundo zangasese, edlala upiyano emabhayisikobho aseMontmartre, futhi eqamba izingoma ze-pop nemidanso (ezinye zazo ezanyatheliswa ngaphansi kwegama mbumbulu elithi William Bertie).

Lapho kugqashuka iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, u-Iber, owayengafaneleki ukuya empini ngenxa yezizathu zempilo, nokho waya phambili ngo-November 1914 njengomuntu ohlelekile. Ngo-1916, wagula nge-typhus futhi waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele ngemuva. Isikhathi esifushane, ujoyina iqembu labaqambi be-New Young elakhiwe ngu-Eric Satie futhi ubamba iqhaza kumakhonsathi amaningana noGeorges Auric, uLouis Duray no-Arthur Honegger. Ngemva konyaka, u-Iber wajoyina iNavy, lapho ngokushesha athola khona isikhundla futhi wakhonza eDunkirk iminyaka eminingana. Ngo-Okthoba 1919, engakaxoshwa, u-Iber ubamba iqhaza emncintiswaneni we-Rome Prize ne-cantata "Imbongi ne-Fairy" futhi ngokushesha uthola i-Grand Prix, evumela ukuba ahlale eRoma iminyaka emithathu. Ngawo lowo nyaka, u-Ibert ushada noRosette Weber, indodakazi yomdwebi uJean Weber. NgoFebhuwari 1920, lo mbhangqwana wathuthela eRoma, lapho umqambi wabhala khona umsebenzi wokuqala omkhulu we-orchestra - "I-Ballad of Reading Prison" esekelwe enkondlweni yegama elifanayo lika-Oscar Wilde. Isikhathi samaRoma sokudala sihlanganisa i-opera ethi "Perseus ne-Andromeda", amasuite "Umlando" wepiyano kanye "namachweba" we-orchestra. Ukuhlangana okuhambayo okuqhubekayo nokumsulwa kuphela kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ngo-1920 umhlaziyi womculo u-Henri Collet, "ukubala" abaqambi abasha, akazange afake uJacques Ibert eqenjini elidumile nelisakazwa kabanzi elithi "Six".

Ngo-1923, umqambi wabuyela eParis, lapho ayesebenza khona njengomqambi, futhi wafundisa i-orchestration e-Universal School. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, u-Iber uthenga indlu yekhulu lesi-XNUMX eNormandy, lapho ehlala khona izinyanga ezimbalwa ngonyaka, efuna ukusuka esiphithiphithi sedolobha. Kule ndlu, uzodala izingoma zakhe ezidume kakhulu: i-Divertimento ye-orchestra, i-opera ethi King Yveto, i-ballet Knight Errant nabanye.

Unyaka we-1927 waphawulwa ngokuvela kwe-opera ethi "Angelica", eyadlalwa eParis futhi yaletha umbhali wayo udumo emhlabeni wonke. Eminyakeni eyalandela, u-Iber wasebenza kakhulu emculweni wemidlalo yaseshashalazini namafilimu, phakathi kwawo uDon Quixote (1932) noFyodor Chaliapin endimeni yesihloko egqamayo. Umqambi futhi udala imisebenzi eminingi ye-orchestra, kuhlanganise ne-Sea Symphony, okuyinto, ngokwentando yakhe, kwakungamelwe yenziwe kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe.

Ngo-1933-1936, u-Iber wabhala i-Flute Concerto ne-Chamber Concertino ye-Saxophone, kanye nama-ballet amabili amakhulu ngokucula (okuyalwe ngu-Ida Rubinstein): u-Diana wasePoitiers no-Knight Errant. Uthatha uhambo olukhulu lwaseYurophu, wenza ngemisebenzi yakhe njengomqhubi, uqondisa ukukhiqizwa kokuqala kwe "King Yveto" eDüsseldorf. Kanye no-Honegger, i-opera ethi "Eaglet" iyakhiwa.

Ngo-1937, u-Iber wathola isikhundla sokuba umqondisi we-French Academy eRoma (ngokokuqala ngqa kusukela ngo-1666, umculi waqokwa kulesi sikhundla). Uphinde uphendukela emsebenzini ohlangene noHonegger: i-operetta "Baby Cardinal", eyadlalwa eParis, yaba yimpumelelo enkulu.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, u-Ibert wakhonza njenge-Naval Attaché eNxusa LaseFrance eRoma. Ngo-June 10, i-Italy yangenela impi, futhi ngakusasa, u-Iber nomkhaya wakhe basuka eRoma ngesitimela sobunxusa.

Ngo-August 1940, u-Ibert waxoshwa, ngomthetho okhethekile kahulumeni waseVichy, igama lakhe lasuswa ohlwini lwezikhulu zezempi, futhi imisebenzi yakhe yenqatshelwe ukuba yenziwe. Eminyakeni emine eyalandela, u-Iber wayehlala endaweni esemthethweni, eqhubeka nokuqamba (ngo-1942 waphothula i-String Quartet, eyayiqale eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambili). Ngo-Okthoba 1942, u-Iber wakwazi ukuthuthela eSwitzerland, lapho aqala khona ukuba nezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo (sepsis).

Ngemva kokukhululwa kweParis ngo-August 1944, u-Ibert wabuyela eFrance. Kusukela ngo-1945 kuya ku-1947 umqambi waphinde wahola i-French Academy eRoma. U-Iber uphinde abhale umculo wemidlalo yaseshashalazini namafilimu, ama-ballet, enze izingoma zakhe.

Kusukela ngawo-1950, u-Iber waqala ukuba nezinkinga ngesimiso senhliziyo, okwamphoqa ukuba ayeke ukudlala ekhonsathini nasekufundiseni. Ngo-1960 umqambi wasuka eRoma waya eParis.

U-Iber washona ngoFebhuwari 5, 1962 ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, wasebenza ku-Second Symphony, eyahlala ingakaqedwa. Umqambi ungcwatshwe emathuneni asePassy.

Umsebenzi ka-Iber uhlanganisa izakhi ze-neoclassical kanye ne-impressionistic: ukucaca nokuvumelana kwefomu, inkululeko yomculo, isigqi esivumelana nezimo, izinsimbi ezimibalabala. U-Iber uyingcweti yokuhlukanisa umculo, ihlaya elilula.

Ukwakhiwa:

ama-opera - Perseus and Andromeda (1923 post. 1929, tr “Grand Opera”, Paris), Gonzago (1929, Monte Carlo; 1935, tr “Opera comic”, Paris), King Yveto (1930, tr- “Opera Comic”, Paris), Eaglet (okusekelwe emdlalweni wegama elifanayo lika-E. Rostand, kanye no-A. Honegger, 1937, Monte Carlo); amabhalethi - Ukuhlangana (amaphuzu adalwe ngesisekelo sepiyano suite, 1925, Grand Opera, Paris), Diane de Poitiers (choreography by M. Fokine, 1934, ibid.), Love Adventures of Jupiter (1946, "Tr Champs Elysees, Paris), Knight Errant (okusekelwe kuCervantes 'Don Quixote, umculo ovela kufilimu ethi Don Quixote, choreography ngu-S. Lifar, 1950, Grand Opera, Paris), Triumph of Chastity (1955, Chicago); i-operetta - I-Baby Cardinal (kanye no-Honegger, 1938, tr "Buff-Parisien", Paris); kwabacula ngabodwana, ikwaya ne-orchestra - cantata (1919), Elizabethan suite (1944); ye-orchestra - UKhisimusi e-Picardy (1914), Amachweba (imidwebo emi-3 ye-symphonic: Rome - Palermo, Tunisia - Nephia, Valencia, 1922), Enchanting Scherzo (1925), Divertimento (1930), Suite Paris (1932), Festive Overture (1942) , U-Orgy (1956); eyensimbi yomculo ne-orchestra - I-Concerto symphony (ye-oboe nezintambo, 1948), amakhonsathi (womtshingo, 1934; wezimpisi nezinsimbi zomoya, 1925), i-Chamber concertino (ye-saxophone, 1935); ama-ensembles wezinsimbi zegumbi - trio (ye-skr., wlch. nehabhu, 1940), i-quartet yezintambo (1943), i-wind quintet, njll.; izingcezu upiyano, isitho, isiginci; izingoma; umculo nokusebenza idrama yaseshashalazini - "Isigqoko Sotshani" kaLabish (1929), "Julayi 14" kaRolland (kanye nabanye abaqambi baseFrance, 1936), "Iphupho LaseMidsummer Night" kaShakespeare (1942), njll .; umculo wamafilimu, kuhl. Don Quixote (ngokubamba iqhaza kwe-FI Chaliapin); umculo wezinhlelo zomsakazo - Inhlekelele KaDokotela Faust (1942), Bluebeard (1943), njll.