Umberto Giordano |

Umberto Giordano

UGiordano, njengabaningi besikhathi sakhe, uhlala emlandweni umbhali we-opera eyodwa, nakuba ebhala ngaphezu kweshumi. Ingcweti kaPuccini yasibekela ithalenta lakhe elincane. Ifa lika-Giordano lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene. Phakathi kwama-opera akhe kukhona ama-verist opera, agcwele izinkanuko zemvelo, njenge-Mascagni's Rural Honor kanye ne-Leoncavallo's Pagliacci. Kukhona futhi enamaculo-amadrama, afana nama-opera ka-Puccini - anemizwa ejulile futhi ecashile, ngokuvamile esekelwe ezakhiweni zomlando ezicutshungulwe ababhali baseFrance. Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, uGiordano naye waphendukela ezinhlotsheni zamahlaya.

Umberto Giordano wazalwa ngo-28 (ngokweminye imithombo 27) Agasti 1867 edolobheni elincane Foggia esifundazweni Apulia. Wayelungiselela ukuba udokotela, kodwa lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nane uyise wamthumela eNaples Conservatory yaseSan Pietro Maiella, lapho uthisha ongcono kakhulu wangaleso sikhathi, uPaolo Serrao, afundisa khona. Ngaphezu kokuqamba, uGiordano wafunda upiyano, isitho kanye ne-violin. Phakathi nezifundo zakhe, waqamba i-symphony, i-overture kanye ne-opera yesenzo esisodwa i-Marina, ayithumele emqhudelwaneni owamenyezelwa ngo-1888 ngumshicileli waseRoma u-Edoardo Sonzogno. I-Mascagni's Rural Honor iwine umklomelo wokuqala, ukukhiqizwa kwawo okuvule isikhathi esisha - esiqondile - etiyetha yomculo yase-Italy. "U-Marina" akazange aklonyeliswe noma yimuphi umklomelo, awuzange uhlelwe, kodwa u-Giordano, omncane kunabo bonke ababambe iqhaza emncintiswaneni, wadonsa ukunaka kwejaji, owaqinisekisa uSonzogno ukuthi umbhali oneminyaka engamashumi amabili nanye uzohamba kude. Umshicileli waqala ukulalela ukubuyekezwa okuhle kukaGiordano lapho inkampani yokushicilela i-Ricordi encintisana noSonzogno ishicilela upiyano lwakhe i-Idyll, futhi iyunithi yezinhlamvu ye-quartet yezwakala kahle yamukelwa abezindaba eNaples Conservatory. USonzogno umeme uGiordano, owayethweswe iziqu kulo nyaka e-Conservatory, eRome, owayedlalela yena uMarina, futhi umshicileli wasayina inkontileka ye-opera entsha. Yena ngokwakhe wakhetha i-libretto esekelwe emdlalweni othi "The Vow" womlobi odumile we-Neapolitan wesimanje u-di Giacomo, obonisa izigcawu ezivela empilweni ye-Neapolitan bottom. Imodeli ye-opera, ebizwa ngokuthi The Lost Life, kwakuyi-Rural Honor, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwenzeka eRoma ngo-1892, ngosuku olufanayo ne-Pagliacci. Khona-ke i-Lost Life yabona ukukhanya kokukhanya ngaphandle kwe-Italy, eVienna, lapho kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu uhlelo lwayo lwesibili lwavela ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi The Vow.

Ngemva kokuphothula e-Conservatory ngomklomelo wokuqala, uGiordano waba uthisha futhi ngo-1893 wenza i-opera yesithathu, uRegina Diaz, eNaples. Kuvele kwehluke kakhulu kuneyaphambilini, yize ababhali ababambisene ne-Rural Honor benza njengama-freettists. Baphinde balungisa kabusha i-libretto endala yaba itulo lomlando, okusekelwe kulo u-Donizetti abhala i-opera yothando u-Maria di Rogan eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. "URegina Diaz" akatholanga imvume kaSonzogno: umemezele umlobi ukuthi uphakathi nendawo futhi wamncisha ukusekelwa ngezinto ezibonakalayo. Umqambi waze wanquma ukushintsha umsebenzi wakhe - ukuba i-bandmaster yezempi noma uthisha wocingo (wayelungile ngenkemba).

Konke kwashintsha lapho umngane kaGiordano, umqambi u-A. Franchetti, emnikeza inkululeko ethi “Andre Chenier”, eyaphefumulela uGiordano ukuba enze i-opera yakhe engcono kakhulu, eyadlalwa eLa Scala eMilan ngo-1896. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili nengxenye, uFedora waqala ukukhonjiswa eNaples. . Ukuphumelela kwayo kwavumela uGiordano ukuba akhe indlu eduze kwaseBaveno, ebizwa ngokuthi "Villa Fyodor", lapho kwabhalwa khona ama-opera akhe alandelayo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona omunye ngesakhiwo Russian - "Siberia" (1903). Kulo, umqambi waphinde waphendukela ku-verismo, edweba idrama yothando nomhawu nge-denouement enegazi ekugqilazweni lesigwebo saseSiberia. Ulayini ofanayo uqhutshekwe yiNyanga kaMariano (1910), futhi ngokususelwa emdlalweni ka-di Giacomo. Okunye ukuphenduka kwenzeka maphakathi nawo-1910: uGiordano waphendukela ohlotsheni lwamahlaya futhi phakathi neminyaka eyishumi (1915-1924) wabhala uMadame Saint-Gene, uJupiter ePompeii (ngokusebenzisana no-A. Franchetti) kanye nethi The Dinner of Jokes “. I-opera yakhe yokugcina kwakunguThe King (1929). Ngawo lowo nyaka, uGiordano waba yilungu le-Academy yase-Italy. Emashumini amabili eminyaka alandela, akazange abhale lutho olunye.

UGiordano washona ngoNovemba 12, 1948 eMilan.

A. Koenigsberg

Ukwakhiwa:

ama-opera (12), kuhlanganise no-Regina Diaz (1894, Mercadante Theatre, Naples), André Chenier (1896, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Fedora (okusekelwe emdlalweni ka-V. Sardou, 1898, Lyrico Theatre, Milan), eSiberia (Siberia , 1903, La Scala Theatre, ibid.), Marcella (1907, Lyrico Theatre, ibid.), Madame Saint-Gene (okusekelwe kumdlalo wamahlaya uSardou, 1915, Metropolitan Opera, New York), Jupiter ePompeii (kanye no-A . Franchetti, 1921, Rome), Dinner of Jokes (La cena della beffe, esekelwe emdlalweni ka-S. Benelli, 1924, La Scala Theatre, Milan), The King (Il Re, 1929, ibid); ballet – “Magic Star” (L'Astro magiсo, 1928, hhayi esiteji); ye-orchestra – Piedigrotta, Hymn to the Decade (Inno al Decennale, 1933), Joy (Delizia, engashicilelwe); izingcezu zepiyano; ezothando; umculo wemidlalo yaseshashalazini, njll.