Naum Lvovich Shtarkman |

Naum Shtarkman

Isikole se-Igumnovskaya sinikeze isiko lethu le-pianistic abaculi abaningi abanamakhono. Uhlu lwabafundi bakathisha ovelele, empeleni, luvala uNaum Shtarkman. Ngemva kokufa kuka-KN Igumnov, akabange esakwazi ukuthuthela kwelinye ikilasi futhi ngo-1949 waphothula eMoscow Conservatory, njengoba kuyisiko ukuthi ezimweni ezinjalo, "eyedwa". Ngakho uthisha kwakungadingeki, ngeshwa, ajabule ngempumelelo yesilwane sakhe esifuywayo. Futhi ngokushesha bafika ...

Kungashiwo ukuthi Shtarkman (ngokungafani nabaningi ozakwabo) wangena endleleni yokuncintisana manje eyisibopho njengomculi osungulwe kahle. Ngemva kokuthola umklomelo wesihlanu emqhudelwaneni weChopin eWarsaw (1955), ngo-1957 wawina umklomelo omkhulu kunawo wonke eMqhudelwaneni Wamazwe Ngamazwe eLisbon futhi, ekugcineni, waba ngowokuqala umklomelo kuMqhudelwano weTchaikovsky (1958). Zonke lezi mpumelelo zaqinisekisa kuphela isithunzi sakhe sobuciko esisezingeni eliphezulu.

Lokhu, okokuqala, idumela lomculi wezingoma, ngisho nomculi womculo ocolile, ongumnikazi womsindo wepiyano ozwakalayo, umpetha ovuthiwe ongakwazi ukuhlonza ngokucacile nangokunembile i-architectonics yomsebenzi, ngobuhlakani nangokunengqondo ukwakha umugqa omangalisayo. “Imvelo yakhe,” kubhala uG. Tsypin, “isondelene ikakhulukazi nemizwelo ezolile neyokucabanga, ebukekayo, epheshulwa inkungu encane nethambile. Ekudlulisweni kwezimo ezinjalo ezingokomzwelo nezingokwengqondo, uqotho ngempela futhi uneqiniso. Futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho, umdlali wopiyano uba yinkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini ngandlela-thile, ngakho-ke akakholisi lapho uthando, inkulumo ejulile ingena khona emculweni.

Ngempela, i-repertoire ebanzi kaShtarkman (amakhonsathi epiyano angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu kuphela) imelela ngokucebile, sithi, imisebenzi kaLiszt, Chopin, Schumann, Rachmaninov. Nokho, emculweni wabo akakhangwa izingxabano ezibukhali, idrama noma ubuhle, kodwa kunalokho izinkondlo ezithambile, ukuphupha. Cishe okufanayo kungabangelwa ukuhumusha kwakhe umculo kaTchaikovsky, lapho ephumelela kakhulu emidwebeni yokwakheka kwezwe ethi The Four Seasons. “Imibono eyenziwa u-Shtarkman,” kugcizelela u-V. Delson, “yenziwa kuze kube sekugcineni, igcizelelwe kokubili ngobuciko nobuciko. Yona kanye indlela adlala ngayo umdlali wopiyano - okuqoqiwe, okugxilile, okunembile emsindweni nasemishwaneni - kuwumphumela wemvelo wokukhangwa kwakhe ekupheleleni kwefomu, ukubumba ipulasitiki yonke kanye nemininingwane. Akuyona isikhumbuzo, hhayi ubukhazikhazi bezakhiwo, hhayi ukubukisa kwe-bravura eyenga u-Shtarkman, naphezu kokuba khona kwekhono eliqinile le-virtuoso. Ukucabangela, ubuqotho bomzwelo, umoya omkhulu wangaphakathi - yilokhu okuhlukanisa ukubukeka kobuciko kwalo mculi.

Uma sikhuluma ngencazelo kaShtarkman yemisebenzi kaBach, Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, kufanelekile ukukhumbula umlingisi onikezwe umnqobi womncintiswano waseMoscow ngu-EG Gilels: "Ukudlala kwakhe kuhlukaniswa nokuphelela kobuciko nokucabangela. ” U-Shtarkman uvame ukudlala ama-French Impressionists. Umdlali wopiyano udlala “Suite Bergamasco” kaClaude Debussy ikakhulukazi ngempumelelo nangokungena.

I-repertoire yomculi ihlanganisa, yiqiniso, umculo wamaSoviet. Kanye nezingcezu ezidumile zika-S. Prokofiev no-D. Kabalevsky, u-Shtarkman naye wadlala i-Concerto ngezingqikithi zesi-Arabhu ngu-F. Amirov no-E. Nazirova, amakhonsathi epiyano ka-G. Gasanov, E. Golubev (No. 2).

U-Shtarkman usenesikhathi eside ezuza udumo njenge-chopinist yesigaba sokuqala. Akukhona ngeze ukuthi ubusuku bomdwebi be-monographic obunikezelwe emsebenzini wengcweti yasePoland buhlale budonsela ukunaka okukhethekile kwezithameli ngokungena okujulile enjongweni yomqambi.

Ukubukeza kukaN. Sokolov kokunye kwalezi zikhathi zakusihlwa kuthi: “Lo mshayi wopiyano ungomunye wabameleli abangcono kakhulu balelo siko lobuciko lobuciko bokudlala, elingase libizwe ngokufanelekile ngokuthi yimfundo yothando. U-Shtarkman uhlanganisa ukukhathazeka okunomhawu ngokuhlanzeka kwekhono lobuchwepheshe nentando engacimeki yokunikezwa kwesithombe somculo okunentukuthelo nomphefumulo. Kulokhu, umpetha onekhono ubonise ukuthinta okumibalabala kodwa okuhle kakhulu, ubungcweti bezigaba zepiyano, ukukhanya okuphawulekayo nesivinini ezindimeni ze-legato, ku-carpal staccato, kwezintathu, ngamanothi akabili wezikhawu ezishintshanayo nezinye izinhlobo zesu elihle. Kokubili ku-Ballad nakwezinye izingcezu zika-Chopin ezenziwe ngalobo busuku, u-Shtarkman wehlisa ububanzi bokuguquguquka kwaba phezulu, ngenxa yokuthi izinkondlo eziphakeme ze-Chopin zavela ekuhlanzekeni kwayo kwasekuqaleni, zikhululekile kukho konke okungadingekile futhi okuyize. Isimo sengqondo sobuciko somculi, ukuqonda okukhulu kulokhu kwakungaphansi komsebenzi owodwa omkhulu - ukukhombisa ukujula, umthamo wezitatimende zezingoma zomqambi ezinobunzima obukhulu bezindlela ezivezwayo. Umculi wakwazi ukubhekana nalo msebenzi onzima kakhulu.

U-Shtarkman wenza esiteji sekhonsathi iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane. Isikhathi senza izinguquko ezithile ekuthandeni kwakhe kokudala, futhi ngempela ekubukekeni kwakhe kokwenza. Umdwebi unezinhlelo eziningi ze-monographic anazo - Beethoven, Liszt, Chopin, Schumann, Tchaikovsky. Kulolu hlu manje sesingangeza igama lika-Schubert, amagama akhe athola umhumushi ocashile ebusweni bomdlali wopiyano. Intshisekelo ka-Shtarkman ekwenzeni umculo oyinhlanganisela yanda nakakhulu. Uke wacula kanye nabaculi be-violin, ama-quartets aqanjwe ngoBorodin, Taneyev, Prokofiev. Eminyakeni yamuva, ukusebenzisana kwakhe nomculi u-K. Lisovsky kuye kwaba nezithelo ikakhulukazi (izinhlelo ezivela emisebenzini kaBeethoven, Schumann, Tchaikovsky). Ngokuqondene namashifu okuhumusha, kufanelekile ukucaphuna amazwi avela ekubuyekezweni kuka-A. Lyubitsky ekhonsathini, uShtarkman agubha ngayo iminyaka engu-30 yomsebenzi wakhe wobuciko: “Ukudlala komdlali wopiyano kuhlukaniswa nokugcwala kwemizwelo, umoya wangaphakathi. Isimiso se-lyrical, esaphumelela ngokucacile kwezobuciko be-shtarkman encane, sigcine ukubaluleka kwayo namuhla, kodwa siye sahluka ngokwekhwalithi. Akukho ukuzwela, ukuhlehla, ukuthamba kuwo. Injabulo, idrama kuhlanganiswa nokuthula kwengqondo. U-Shtarkman manje ubheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwemisho, ukuvezwa kwezwi, kanye nokuqedwa ngokucophelela kwemininingwane.

UProfesa (kusukela ngo-1990) we-Moscow Conservatory. Kusukela ngo-1992 ubengumfundisi e-Jewish Academy eqanjwe ngoMaimonides.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1990