Isikali sansuku zonke |

Isikali esiphilayo, imodi yansuku zonke, - isistimu yomsindo enesakhiwo (ngamathoni) 1-1-1 / 2-1-1-1 / 2-1-1-1 / 2-1-1, eyakha isisekelo se-modal of Rus . Wed-century. umculo. Igama livela ku-"Obikhod" - iqoqo lezingoma ezisetshenziswa emisebenzini yehlelo. O. h. ukwakheka kwe-quart yesici:

Ama-Trichords ngaphakathi kwequart ngayinye ebizwa. "imvume". Uma ku-octave yaseYurophu (= 8) inezinyathelo eziyisikhombisa (8-1), khona-ke ku-tetrachord ("in a quart") kukhona ezintathu zazo (4-1). Zonke izivumelwano zinesakhiwo esifanayo sokuphumula (ngamathoni: 1-1). Isivumelwano ngasinye sinegama laso (“elilula”, “limnyama”, “likhanyayo”, “liqhephukile”). Imvelo ye-quartic yesakhiwo nayo ibonakala ohlelweni lwamagama ezinyathelo, lapho izinyathelo eziphindaphindayo (okungukuthi, eziqondwa njengomculo owodwa-umsebenzi) zihlukaniswa ngokwesine (kubalwa ukusuka kumakhonkodensi amabili aphakathi kuya emaphethelweni e- isikali). Kumklamo ka-O. h. kunezici zokufana nesakhiwo sesinye isiGreki. "Isistimu ephelele". O. h. kungabuye kubhekwe njengenhlanganisela yama-tetrachords amakhulu, ama-pentachords, ama-hexachords ebangeni lesine. Ukucaciswa kwe-O. z. – ithuba lesikhawu se-octave encishisiwe phakathi kwezinyathelo C (“tsa”) kanye no-M (“emnyama nge-crest”), ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphakathi kwesistimu efanayo, ngaphandle kokuguquguquka noma ukuchezuka (izivumelwano ngaphakathi kwesistimu ye-O. z. anencazelo efanayo neye-tetrachords ephansi nengaphezulu ngaphakathi kwesistimu yemodi ye-Ionian).

Amasampula O. z. asitholi ebandleni kuphela. umculo, kodwa futhi emculweni wesintu (ingoma yesiRashiya ethi "Young Molodka, Molodka" eqoqweni lika-MA Balakirev, bheka isibonelo ku-Art. Isistimu yomsindo).

Njengomfanekiso weyodwa noma enye, nazo zitholakala phakathi kwabaqambi baseRussia. izikole (NA Rimsky-Korsakov, i-solo yesi-3 yedikoni kusukela esenzweni sesi-2 se-opera ethi The Night Before Christmas).

Ezimweni ze-polyphony (ikakhulukazi kumkhuba womqambi), O. z. ithola incazelo ye-fret engavamile ngokugqamile ngombala, i-chord to-rogo ihlanganisa ukuhambisana okungachazeki kusuka ezindaweni zasentshonalanga. isistimu enkulu-encane (ichodi ye-ces-moll esibonelweni esilandelayo).

Kwesinye isikhathi u-O. usebenzisa u-h. ihlangana nokushintshashintsha kwethoni, okufana nokuchezuka, noma ibangele ukuchezuka ngokwako (ngokuvamile kumashuni omdanso wesi-Russian, okusekelwe esikimu se-STDT; cf. "Umdanso wase-Russian" ovela ku-ballet ka-A. Khachaturian ethi “Gayane”). Emculweni wesimanje usebenzisa i-chord ene-octave encishisiwe.

IF Stravinsky. "Isiphethu esingcwele". "Ukunxusa Kokhokho".

O. h. iyatholakala nasemculweni wezinye izizwe (ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwamaKirghiz). Ngokuhambisana nakho ukusetshenziswa kwemodi ye-Mixolydian ekuvumelaneni kwe-modal kwekhulu le-16-17. (lapho i-subsemitonium modilis yengezwe esikalini esikhulu u-f1 – e1 – d1 – c 1 – h – a – g kusuka ngezansi). Ukubonakala kuka-O. z. enkathini ehlukene naku-ethnographic engahlangani. amaqembu achazwa ngokuthi ukwakheka kuka-O. z. ibonisa enye yamaphethini we-typological wezinhlobo ezithile ze-melodic. ama-frets - ukuthambekela kwezinyathelo zerejista ephezulu ukuncipha, futhi okuphansi - ukwanda, ikakhulukazi uma isikali se-fret siqukethe izingoma zevolumu emincane. izingxenye.

References: Razumovsky D., Ukucula kweBandla, eRussia ..., cha. 1-3, M., 1867-69; Findeizen N., Izindatshana zomlando womculo waseRussia, vol. 1, M., 1928; U-Belyaev V., umbhalo wakudala womculo waseRussia, M., 1962; Sposobin I., Izinkulumo ngenkambo yokuvumelana, M., 1969.

Yu. N. Kholopov