Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi osuselwe ezincwadini zomculo

Esihlokweni sokugcina sikhulume ngendlela yokuqaqa imidlalo ngaphambi kokuyiletha emsebenzini ekilasini elikhethekile. Isixhumanisi sale nto sitholakala ekugcineni kwalokhu okuthunyelwe. Namuhla sizogxila kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni isiqephu somculo, kodwa sizobe silungiselela kuphela izifundo zemibhalo yomculo.

Okokuqala, ake sigqamise amaphuzu ayisisekelo avamile, bese sicabangela izici zokuhlaziya izinhlobo ezithile zemisebenzi yomculo - isibonelo, i-opera, i-symphony, umjikelezo wezwi, njll.

Ngakho-ke, ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho sihlaziya ucezu lomculo, kufanele silungiselele izimpendulo okungenani zamaphuzu alandelayo:

• isihloko esiphelele esiphelele somsebenzi womculo (kanye nalapha: ingabe lukhona uhlelo olusesimweni sesihloko noma incazelo yemibhalo?);
• amagama ababhali bomculo (kungase kube nomqambi oyedwa, noma kungase kube nabaningana uma ukuqanjwa kuhlangene);
• amagama abalobi bemibhalo (kuma-opera, abantu abaningana bavame ukusebenza ku-libretto ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngezinye izikhathi umqambi ngokwakhe angaba umbhali wombhalo);
• umsebenzi obhalwe ngaluphi uhlobo lomculo (ingabe i-opera noma i-ballet, noma i-symphony, noma yini?);
• indawo yalo msebenzi esikalini somsebenzi wonke womqambi (ingabe umbhali uneminye imisebenzi ohlotsheni olufanayo, futhi umsebenzi okukhulunywa ngawo uhlobana kanjani nalezi ezinye – mhlawumbe unobuhlakani obusha noma uyisiqongo sokusungula?) ;
• noma ngabe lokhu kuqanjwa kusekelwe kunoma yimuphi umthombo oyinhloko okungewona owomculo (isibonelo, kulotshiwe kususelwa esihlokweni sencwadi, inkondlo, umdwebo, noma ukugqugquzelwa yinoma yiziphi izehlakalo zomlando, njll.);
• zingaki izingxenye zomsebenzi nokuthi ingxenye ngayinye yakhiwe kanjani;
• ukwenza ukubunjwa (iziphi izinsimbi noma amazwi ayebhalelwe - for orchestra, for ensemble, for solo clarinet, izwi kanye upiyano, njll);
• izithombe zomculo eziyinhloko (noma abalingiswa, amaqhawe) nezindikimba zabo (zomculo, kunjalo).

 Manje ake siqhubekele ezicini ezihlobene nokuhlaziywa kwemisebenzi yomculo yezinhlobo ezithile. Ukuze singazisakazeli kakhulu, sizogxila ezimweni ezimbili - i-opera ne-symphony.

Izici zokuhlaziya i-opera

I-Opera ingumsebenzi waseshashalazini, ngakho-ke ithobela kakhulu imithetho yesiteji seshashalazi. I-opera cishe ihlale inesakhiwo, futhi okungenani isilinganiso esincane sesenzo esimangalisayo (ngezinye izikhathi singesincane, kodwa sihlonipheke kakhulu). I-opera idlalwa njengomdlalo lapho kukhona abalingisi; ukusebenza ngokwako kuhlukaniswe ngezenzo, izithombe nezigcawu.

Ngakho-ke, nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho uhlaziya ukwakheka kokusebenza:

1. ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-opera libretto kanye nomthombo wezincwadi (uma kukhona) - ngezinye izikhathi ziyahlukahluka, futhi ziqine kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi umbhalo womthombo ufakwe ku-opera ungashintshiwe ngokuphelele noma izingcezu;
2. ukuhlukaniswa ngezenzo nezithombe (inombolo yakho kokubili), ukuba khona kwalezo zingxenye njengesandulela noma isiqephu;
3. ukwakheka kwesenzo ngasinye - izinhlobo zokucula zendabuko zidlula zonke (ama-aria, ama-duet, amakhorasi, njll.), njengoba izinombolo zilandelana, noma izenzo nezigcawu zimelela izigcawu ezisuka ekupheleni, empeleni, ezingeke zihlukaniswe zibe izinombolo ezihlukene. ;
4. abalingiswa kanye namazwi abo okucula - udinga nje ukwazi lokhu;
5. ukuthi izithombe zabalingiswa abakhulu zembulwa kanjani - kuphi, kuziphi izenzo nezithombe ababamba iqhaza kuzo nokuthi bacula ini, bavezwa kanjani ngomculo;
6. isisekelo esimangalisayo se-opera - ukuthi isakhiwo siqala kuphi futhi kanjani, yiziphi izigaba zokuthuthuka, kusiphi isenzo futhi kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi i-denouement;
7. Izinombolo ze-okhestra ze-opera - ingabe kukhona inguquko noma isingeniso, kanye nezikhawu, ama-intermezzo nezinye iziqephu zezinsimbi zomculo - zidlala yiphi indima (ngokuvamile lezi kuyizithombe zomculo ezethula isenzo - isibonelo, indawo yomculo, a isithombe seholide, imashi yamasosha noma yomngcwabo nokunye);
8. Iyiphi indima edlalwa ikhorasi ku-opera (isibonelo, ingabe iyaphawula ngesenzo noma ivela kuphela njengendlela yokubonisa indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, noma amaciko ekhorasi asho imigqa yawo ebalulekile enomthelela omkhulu kumphumela ophelele wesenzo , noma iqembu labahlabeleli lihlale lincoma okuthile, noma izigcawu zamakwaya zivamile nje ngaphandle kwe-opera, njll.);
9. kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunezinombolo zokudansa ku-opera - yiziphi izenzo futhi yisiphi isizathu sokwethulwa kwe-ballet ku-opera;
10. Ingabe akhona ama-leitmotif ku-opera - ayini futhi abonakala ngani (iqhawe elithile, into ethile, umuzwa othile noma isimo, isenzakalo esithile semvelo noma enye into?).

 Lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwalokho okudingeka kutholakale ukuze ukuhlaziya umsebenzi womculo kuleli cala kuphelele. Uzitholaphi izimpendulo zayo yonke le mibuzo? Okokuqala, ku-clavier ye-opera, okungukuthi, embhalweni wayo womculo. Okwesibili, ungafunda isifinyezo esifushane se-opera libretto, futhi, okwesithathu, ungakwazi ukufunda okuningi ezincwadini - funda izincwadi zezincwadi zomculo!

Izici zokuhlaziywa kwe-symphony

Ngandlela-thile, i-symphony kulula ukuyiqonda kune-opera. Lapha kukhona izinto ezincane kakhulu zomculo (i-opera ithatha amahora angu-2-3, kanye ne-symphony imizuzu engu-20-50), futhi azikho izinhlamvu ezinama-leitmotifs amaningi, okusadingeka uzame ukuhlukanisa komunye nomunye. Kodwa ukuhlaziya imisebenzi yomculo we-symphonic kusenazo izici zayo.

Ngokuvamile, i-symphony iqukethe ukunyakaza okune. Kunezinketho ezimbili zokulandelana kwezingxenye kumjikelezo we-symphonic: ngokohlobo lwakudala futhi ngokusho kohlobo lothando. Zihluke endaweni yengxenye ehamba kancane kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ingxenye yohlobo (kuma-symphonies we-classical kukhona i-minuet noma i-scherzo, kuma-symphonies othando kukhona i-scherzo, ngezinye izikhathi i-waltz). Bheka umdwebo:

Izinhlobo zomculo ezijwayelekile zengxenye ngayinye kulezi zikhonjiswe kubakaki kumdwebo. Ukuze uhlaziye ngokugcwele umsebenzi womculo udinga ukunquma uhlobo lwawo, funda isihloko esithi "Izinhlobo Eziyisisekelo zemisebenzi yomculo", ulwazi okufanele lukusize kule ndaba.

Kwesinye isikhathi inani lezingxenye lingase lehluke (isibonelo, izingxenye ezi-5 ku-Symphony ethi “Fantastastic” kaBerlioz, izingxenye ezi-3 ku-“Divine Poem” kaScriabin, izingxenye ezi-2 ku-Schubert’s “Unfinished” Symphony, kukhona nama-symphonies omnyakazo owodwa – isibonelo, I-Myaskovsky's 21st Symphony). Lena, yebo, imijikelezo engajwayelekile futhi ukuguqulwa kwenani lezingxenye kuyo kubangelwa izici ezithile zenhloso yobuciko yomqambi (isibonelo, okuqukethwe kohlelo).

Yini ebalulekile ekuhlaziyeni i-symphony:

1. nquma uhlobo lomjikelezo we-symphonic (yakudala, yothando, noma into eyingqayizivele);
2. nquma i-tonality eyinhloko ye-symphony (yokunyakaza kokuqala) kanye ne-tonality yokunyakaza ngakunye ngokwehlukana;
3. bonakalisa okuqukethwe okungokomfanekiso nomculo kwezindikimba eziyinhloko zomsebenzi ngamunye;
4. nquma ukuma kwengxenye ngayinye;
5. ngefomu le-sonata, nquma ithoni yezingxenye eziyinhloko nezesibili ekuvezweni nasekuphindaphindeni, futhi ubheke umehluko emsindweni walezi zingxenye ezigabeni ezifanayo (isibonelo, ingxenye eyinhloko ingashintsha ukubukeka kwayo ngaphandle kokuqashelwa isikhathi sokuphinda, noma kungenzeka singashintshi nhlobo);
6. thola futhi ukwazi ukukhombisa ukuxhumana okunetimu phakathi kwezingxenye, uma kukhona (ingabe zikhona izingqikithi ezisuka kwenye ingxenye ziye kwenye, zishintsha kanjani?);
7. hlaziya i-orchestration (iziphi izinsimbi ezihamba phambili - izintambo, izinsimbi zokhuni noma zethusi?);
8. nquma indima yengxenye ngayinye ekuthuthukisweni kwawo wonke umjikelezo (iyiphi ingxenye emangalisa kakhulu, iyiphi ingxenye eyethulwa njengezingoma zomculo noma imiboniso, lapho izingxenye zinokuphazamiseka kwezinye izihloko, yisiphi isiphetho esifingqwa ekugcineni? );
9. uma umsebenzi uqukethe izingcaphuno zomculo, bese unquma ukuthi ziyini izingcaphuno; njll.

 Yiqiniso, lolu hlu lungaqhutshwa unomphela. Udinga ukwazi ukukhuluma ngomsebenzi onolwazi okungenani olula, oluyisisekelo – ungcono kunalutho. Futhi umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzibekele wona, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzokwenza ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe komculo othile noma cha, ukujwayelana ngqo nomculo.

Ekuphetheni, njengoba kuthenjisiwe, sinikeza isixhumanisi sento yangaphambilini, lapho sikhulume khona ngokuhlaziywa kokusebenza. Lesi sihloko sithi "Ukuhlaziywa kwemisebenzi yomculo ngokukhethekile"