Ukhiye. Amathoni amakhulu.

Yini ezokusiza uma ufuna ukwenza umculo ngenhla noma ngaphansi kowokuqala?

Esahlukweni esandulele, sifunde isikali esikhulu. Ezibonelweni zesihloko esandulele, inothi eliphansi kunazo zonke yi-C. Yi-tonic, lapho wonke amanye amanothi esikali esikhulu akhiwe khona. Eqinisweni, ngesilinganiso esikhulu, akunandaba nhlobo ukuthi iyiphi inothi oyithatha njengesisekelo (yiliphi inothi elizoba i-tonic). Into esemqoka ukugcina izikhawu ezifanele phakathi kwezinyathelo (zibuye zichazwe esahlukweni esandulele). Njengesibonelo, ake sakhe isilinganiso esikhulu esisuka kunothi elithi “sol”.

Umfanekiso 1. Isikali esikhulu esivela kunothi “sol”

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukuze sigcine izikhawu ezifanele phakathi kwamanothi, saphoqeleka ukuthi sisebenzise inothi elithi F-sharp (elokugcina esithombeni), njengoba kunesikhawu esikhulu sesibili (ithoni yonke) phakathi kwamadigri VI kanye ne-VII.

Key

Esibonelweni sethu, sithathe inothi "usawoti" njengesisekelo (tonic). Singasho ukuthi imodi yethu isezingeni eliphezulu lenothi elithi "usawoti". It ukuphakama ngokukhathazeka okubizwa ngokuthi igama " ubuningi “. Igama lokhiye linamagama amabili: i-tonic + fret. I-tonic yethu inothi elithi "sol", futhi imodi inkulu. Ngakho, i-tonality yethu ibizwa ngokuthi "G Major". Esihlokweni esandulele, sakhe isikali esikhulu ukusuka kunothi “kuya”, okusho ukuthi sisebenzise ukhiye “C omkhulu”.

Ukuqoka i-tonic egameni le-tonality, igama lezinhlamvu liyasetshenziswa. Ukukhombisa igama elithi “major”, kuphakathi kokuthi igama elithi “dur” noma elithi “maj” lisetshenziswa, noma igama elithi omkhulu ngokuvamile liyashiywa. Labo. U-C omkhulu ungachazwa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo: “C-dur”, “C-maj” noma umane u-“C” (uma sibhala uhlamvu kuphela, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube nosonhlamvukazi kuphela). U-G omkhulu ungachazwa ngendlela efanayo: “G-dur”, “G-maj”, noma umane u-“G”. Khumbula ukuthi igama elithi “do” libhalwe ngohlamvu lwenothi elithi “C”, futhi inothi elithi “sol” lithi “G” (lokhu kuyingqikithi yesigaba esithi “Notation of Music”).

Kungani kunamathoni ahlukene? Konke kulula kakhulu futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, kulula. Ake sithathe isibonelo esisodwa. Khumbula ukuthi i-tonality yi-pitch yesikali. Manje ake sithi ufuna ukudlala ingoma. Kodwa “awukhululekile” ukuwenza, ngoba. Awufinyeleli kumanothi athile ngezwi lakho - aphezulu kakhulu. Ayikho inkinga. Dlala ingoma ngokhiye ophansi - wonke amanothi engoma azoba phansi ngokulinganayo. Ake sithathe iculo elifanayo kokhiye abahlukene njengesibonelo. Okokuqala ku-C major, okwesibili ku-G enkulu:

Ucezu lwe "Ingoma Yabangane" ekhathuni ethi "The Bremen Town Musicians", C omkhulu:

Umfanekiso 2. "Ingoma Yabangane" kukhiye we-C enkulu

Manje isiqeshana esifanayo, kodwa ku-G enkulu:

Umfanekiso 3. "Ingoma Yabangane" kukhiye we-G enkulu

Uyabona, ku-G enkulu ingoma iphakeme kune-C enkulu, nakuba isisusa sisafana.

Okhiye abakhulu

Kuyini "i-tonality", sesivele siyitholile. Ake sibize ukhiye omkhulu ngaleyo ndlela, phakathi kwezinyathelo lapho kubonwa khona izikhawu zemodi enkulu.

Sisanda kubuka okhiye u-C-dur no-G-dur. Sakhe lezi zihluthulelo kusuka kumanothi athi "yenza" kanye "nosawoti". Babengama-tonic. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ngokuphelele noma iyiphi inothi ingasebenza njenge-tonic yokhiye omkhulu: kokubili okuyinhloko kanye nokuphuma kokunye. Labo. singakha imodi enkulu, isibonelo, kusukela kusinyathelo esithi "D-sharp". Kulokhu, i-tonality yethu izobizwa ngokuthi "D-sharp major", noma ngokusho kohlelo lwezinhlamvu "D #-dur".

Izinhlobo zokhiye abakhulu

Yiqiniso, uqaphele ukuthi kukhiye we-G-maj, sisebenzisa inothi elithi "F-sharp" esikhundleni senothi elithi "fa". Labo. lo khiye usebenzisa i-degree ephakeme. Kuye nge-tonic ekhethiwe, okhiye abakhulu bangasebenzisa inombolo ehlukile yezinyathelo eziphuma kokunye - zombili eziphakanyisiwe (indaba yethu ne-G-maj) futhi zehlisiwe (zama ukwakha isikali esikhulu kusuka kunothi elithi "fa" ngokwakho). Ngokuya ngezingozi ezisetshenzisiwe, okhiye abakhulu bahlukaniswa  Ebukhali futhi  flat . Ukhiye omkhulu we-C-dur kuphela awusebenzisi izingozi, ngakho awubukhali futhi awusicaba.

Phakathi kokhiye abakhulu, kukhona okhiye abacijile abangu-7 (G, D, A, E, B, F#, C#) kanye nokhiye abayisicaba abayisi-7 (F, Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb). Izimpawu zokushintsha okhiye zibhalwa kukhiye (ngokushesha ngemuva kokhiye). Siyakhumbula ukuthi umphumela wesibonakaliso esinephutha esibhalwe ngesihluthulelo sisebenza kuwo wonke umsebenzi (ngaphandle uma, ngokuqinisekile, isihluthulelo somsebenzi singashintshiwe - sizofunda lokhu ngokuqhubekayo), ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokubhala okubukhali noma flat. sayina ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kokubili ukuqoshwa komculo nokufunda.

Okhiye abahlobene

Okhiye abahlukile komunye nomunye kuphawu olulodwa lokhiye babizwa okuhlobene . Ezibonelweni zethu kulesi sihloko, sisebenzise okhiye abahlobene: C-dur kanye ne-G-dur.

Imiphumela

Sibhekane nokhiye abakhulu. Lesi yisihloko esibalulekile futhi kulula ukusiqonda. Sithemba ukuthi uyaqonda.