I-Beethoven piano sonatas enezihloko

Uhlobo lwe-sonata luthatha indawo ebaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini ka-L. Beethoven. Ifomu lakhe lakudala liqala ukuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi liguquke libe elothando. Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala ingabizwa ngokuthi ifa lasendulo laseViennese uHaydn noMozart, kodwa emisebenzini yakhe evuthiwe umculo awubonakali nhlobo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izithombe ze-sonatas zikaBeethoven zisuka ngokuphelele ezinkingeni zangaphandle zibe yizinto ezithintekayo, izingxoxo zangaphakathi zomuntu naye.

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ubusha bomculo kaBeethoven buhlotshaniswa nezinhlelo, okungukuthi, ukunikeza umsebenzi ngamunye ngesithombe esithile noma isakhiwo. Ezinye ze-sonatas zakhe empeleni zinesihloko. Kodwa-ke, kwakungumbhali owanikeza igama elilodwa kuphela: I-Sonata No. 26 inenkulumo encane njenge-epigraph - "Lebe wohl". Ingxenye ngayinye nayo inegama lothando: "Farewell", "Ukuhlukana", "Umhlangano".

Amanye ama-sonata ayenesihloko esivele esenqubweni yokuqashelwa kanye nokukhula kokuthandwa kwawo. Lawa magama asungulwa ngabangane, abashicileli, kanye nabalandeli bokudala. Ngayinye yayihambisana nomuzwa nokuhlotshaniswa okwavela lapho icwiliswa kulo mculo.

Asikho itulo elinjalo emijikelezweni ye-sonata ka-Beethoven, kodwa umlobi ngezinye izikhathi wayekwazi ngokucacile ukudala ukungezwani okukhulu okungaphansi komqondo owodwa we-semantic, edlulisa leli gama ngokucacile ngosizo lwemisho kanye ne-gogics ukuthi iziza zaziphakamisa ngokwazo. Kodwa yena ngokwakhe wacabanga ngokwefilosofi ngaphezu kokuhlakanipha kwetulo.

I-Sonata No. 8 “Pathetique”

Omunye wemisebenzi yokuqala, i-Sonata No. 8, ibizwa ngokuthi "I-Pathetique". Igama elithi “Great Pathetic” lanikezwa uBeethoven ngokwakhe, kodwa alizange liboniswe embhalweni wesandla. Lo msebenzi waba uhlobo lomphumela womsebenzi wakhe wokuqala. Izithombe zamaqhawe ezinesibindi bezibonakala ngokucacile lapha. Umqambi oneminyaka engu-28 ubudala, owayeseqala ukuzwa izinkinga zokuzwa futhi ebona yonke into ngemibala edabukisayo, nakanjani waqala ukusondela ekuphileni ngefilosofi. Umculo weshashalazi ogqamile we-sonata, ikakhulukazi ingxenye yawo yokuqala, waba isihloko sezingxoxo nezingxabano ezingekho ngaphansi kwe-opera premiere.

Ubusha bomculo buphinde bubeke umehluko omkhulu, ukungqubuzana kanye nemizabalazo phakathi kwamaqembu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukungena kwabo komunye nomunye nokudala ubumbano nentuthuko enenjongo. Igama liyazithethelela ngokugcwele, ikakhulukazi njengoba isiphetho sibonisa inselele yokudalelwa.

I-Sonata No. 14 “Moonlight”

Egcwele ubuhle bezingoma, abathandekayo abaningi, "i-Moonlight Sonata" yabhalwa phakathi nenkathi edabukisayo yokuphila kukaBeethoven: ukuwohloka kwamathemba ekusasa elijabulisayo nesithandwa sakhe kanye nokubonakaliswa kokuqala kokugula okungenakuqhathaniswa. Lokhu ngempela ukuvuma izono komqambi nomsebenzi wakhe osuka enhliziyweni. I-Sonata No. 14 yathola igama layo elihle ku-Ludwig Relstab, umgxeki odumile. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemva kokushona kukaBeethoven.

Esesha imibono emisha yomjikelezo we-sonata, u-Beethoven usuka ohlelweni lwendabuko lokuqamba futhi ufike ohlotsheni lwe-sonata engelona iqiniso. Ngokuphula imingcele yefomu lakudala, u-Beethoven kanjalo ubekela inselele ama-canon acindezela umsebenzi nempilo yakhe.

I-Sonata No. 15 “Umfundisi”

I-Sonata No. 15 ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Grand Sonata" ngumlobi, kodwa umshicileli waseHamburg A. Kranz wayinika igama elihlukile - "Pastoral". Akwaziwa kabanzi ngaphansi kwayo, kodwa ihambisana ngokugcwele nomlingiswa nesimo somculo. Imibala epholile ye-pastel, izithombe ze-lyrical nezivinjelwe zomsebenzi zisitshela ngesimo esivumelanayo lapho u-Beethoven ayekuso ngesikhathi ebhala. Umbhali ngokwakhe wayeyithanda kakhulu le sonata futhi wayidlala kaningi.

I-Sonata No. 21 "Aurora"

I-Sonata No. 21, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Aurora," yabhalwa eminyakeni efanayo nempumelelo enkulu yomqambi, i-Eroic Symphony. Unkulunkulukazi wokusa waba umnyuziyamu wale ngoma. Izithombe zemvelo evukayo kanye nezingoma zomculo zifanekisela ukuzalwa kabusha okungokomoya, isimo sengqondo sokuhle kanye nokwanda kwamandla. Lona omunye wemisebenzi engavamile kaBeethoven lapho kukhona injabulo, amandla okuqinisekisa ukuphila nokukhanya. URomain Rolland wabiza lo msebenzi ngokuthi "I-White Sonata". I-Folklore motifs kanye nesigqi somdanso wesintu nakho kukhombisa ukusondelana kwalo mculo nemvelo.

I-Sonata No. 23 “Appassionata”

Isihloko esithi "Appassionata" se-sonata No. 23 asinikezwanga umbhali, kodwa ngumshicileli uKranz. U-Beethoven ngokwakhe wayecabanga ngombono wesibindi somuntu nobuqhawe, ukubusa kokucabanga kanye nentando, ofakwe encwadini kaShakespeare ethi The Tempest. Igama, elivela egameni elithi “inkanuko,” lifaneleka kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nesakhiwo esingokomfanekiso salo mculo. Lo msebenzi wamunca wonke amandla amakhulu nengcindezi yobuqhawe eyayinqwabelene emphefumulweni womqambi. I-sonata igcwele umoya wokuhlubuka, imibono yokumelana nomzabalazo oqhubekayo. Leyo symphony ephelele eyembulwa ku-Heroic Symphony ifakwe ngokugqamile kule sonata.

I-Sonata No. 26 “Farewell, Separation, Return”

I-Sonata No. 26, njengoba sekushiwo, iwukuphela komsebenzi onezinhlelo ngempela kulo mjikelezo. Isakhiwo sayo esithi "Farewell, Separation, Return" ifana nomjikelezo wokuphila, lapho abathandi bokuhlukana bahlangana khona futhi. I-sonata yanikezelwa ekuhambeni kuka-Archduke Rudolph, umngane nomfundi womqambi, esuka eVienna. Cishe bonke abangani bakaBeethoven bahamba naye.

I-Sonata No. 29 “Hammerklavier”

Omunye wokugcina emjikelezweni, i-Sonata No. 29, ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Hammerklavier". Lo mculo wawubhalelwe insimbi entsha esando eyakhiwe ngaleso sikhathi. Ngesizathu esithile leli gama labelwa kuphela i-sonata 29, nakuba amazwi kaHammerklavier avela emibhalweni yesandla yawo wonke ama-sonatas akhe akamuva.