UFrançois Joseph Gossec |

UFrancois Joseph Gossec

Inguquko yonxiwankulu baseFrance yekhulu lesi-XNUMX. "Ngabona emculweni ibutho elikhulu lezenhlalakahle" (B. Asafiev), elikwazi ukuthonya ngokunamandla ukucabanga nezenzo zabo bobabili abantu kanye noquqaba lonke. Omunye wabaculi owayala ukunakwa nemizwa yalezi zixuku kwakunguF. Gossec. Imbongi kanye nombhali wemidlalo yeNguquko, uMJ Chenier, ukhuluma naye enkondlweni ethi Ngamandla Omculo: “Harmonious Gossek, lapho ihabhu lakho lokulila liphuma ebhokisini lombhali uMeropa” (Voltaire. – I-SR), “kude, ebumnyameni obesabekayo, kuzwakale ukunkenteza kwezinsimbi zomngcwabo, ukukhala kwezigubhu eziqinisiwe nokuklabalasa okubuhlungu kwengoma yamaShayina.”

Omunye wezibalo ezinkulu zomculo nezomphakathi, uGossec waqala ukuphila kwakhe kude nezikhungo zamasiko zaseYurophu, emndenini ompofu ompofu. Ujoyine umculo esikoleni sokucula e-Antwerp Cathedral. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa, umculi osemusha usevele eseParis, lapho ethola khona umqambi ovelele waseFrance uJF Rameau. Eminyakeni emi-3 nje, uGossec wahola elinye lama-orchestra amahle kakhulu eYurophu (isonto lomlimi jikelele uLa Pupliner), alihola iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili (1754-62). Esikhathini esizayo, amandla, ibhizinisi kanye negunya likaNobhala Wezwe laqinisekisa inkonzo yakhe emathempelini ezikhulu uConti noConde. Ngo-1770, wahlela umphakathi wamakhonsathi we-Amateur, kwathi ngo-1773 waguqula umphakathi wamakhonsathi angcwele, owasungulwa emuva ngo-1725, ngenkathi esebenza njengothisha kanye nomphathi wekwaya eRoyal Academy of Music (ikusasa le-Grand Opera). Ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lokuqeqeshwa kwabaculi baseFrance, kwadingeka ukuguqulwa kwemfundo yomculo, futhi uGossec waqala ukuhlela iRoyal School of Singing and Recitation. Isungulwe ngo-1784, ngo-1793 yakhula yaba i-National Music Institute, futhi ngo-1795 yaba indawo yokugcina izinto, lapho uGossek ahlala enguprofesa nomhloli oholayo kwaze kwaba ngu-1816. Kanye nabanye oprofesa, wasebenza ezincwadini zokufunda zomculo nezethiyori. Phakathi neminyaka yeNguquko kanye noMbuso, uGossec wajabulela ukuvelela okukhulu, kodwa ngokuqala kokubuyiselwa, umqambi weRiphabhulikhi oneminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ubudala wasuswa emsebenzini wokugcinwa kwemvelo kanye nemisebenzi yomphakathi.

Uhlu lwezithakazelo zokudala zoNobhala Wezwe lubanzi kakhulu. Wabhala ama-comic opera namadrama anezingoma, ama-ballet nomculo wemidlalo emangalisayo, ama-oratorio kanye nezixuku (kuhlanganise ne-requiem, 1760). Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yefa lakhe kwakuwumculo wemikhosi nemikhosi yeNguquko YaseFrance, kanye nomculo wezinsimbi (ama-symphonies angu-60, cishe ama-quartet angu-50, ama-trios, ama-overtures). Omunye wabaculi be-symphonists baseFrance abakhulu kakhulu bekhulu le-14, uGossec waziswa ikakhulukazi abantu besikhathi sakhe ngekhono lakhe lokudlulisela izici zezwe laseFrance emsebenzini we-orchestra: umdanso, ingoma, i-arioznost. Mhlawumbe yingakho evame ukubizwa ngokuthi umsunguli we-symphony yesiFulentshi. Kodwa inkazimulo engapheli ye-Gossek isengomeni yakhe enkulu yenguquko-yokushisekela izwe. Umbhali we "Ingoma kaJulayi 200", ikhwaya ethi "Phaphama, bantu!", "Hymn to Freedom", "Te Deum" (yabadlali abayi-XNUMX), i-Funeral March edumile (eyaba yisibonelo samamashi omngcwabo nge-symphonic kanye izinsimbi zabaqambi bekhulu lesi-XNUMX), uGossek wasebenzisa amazwi alula futhi aqondakalayo kusilaleli esibanzi, izithombe zomculo. Ukukhanya kwabo nobusha babo kwaku kangangokuba inkumbulo yabo yalondolozwa emsebenzini wabaqambi abaningi bekhulu lesi-XNUMX - ukusuka eBeethoven kuya eBerlioz naseVerdi.

S. Rytsarev