Ithoni eyisisekelo |

Ithoni eyinhloko – umsindo ovelele eqenjini elinikeziwe lemisindo, olunye lwezinhlobo zesikhungo. ingxenye yesistimu yomsindo ehambisanayo. Hlukanisa phakathi kuka-O. t. i-interval, i-chord, i-tonality (imodi ye-tonic melodic), lonke ucezu, kanye no-O. t. isikali semvelo. O. t. imele ukusekela, i-abutment, indawo yokuqala.

O. t. isikhawu - umsindo wayo oyinhloko, uhambisa enye ithoni. Ngokuka-P. Hindemith (1937), ukuma okuhlobene kwamathoni enhlanganisela yomehluko kukhombisa okulandelayo u-O. t. ngezikhawu:

O. t. of a chord umsindo walo oyinhloko, ngokusho Krom ingqikithi yayo kanye nencazelo ladotonality kunqunywa. Ngokuka-JF Rameau (1722), i-Ot ye-chord yesithathu “isikhungo sayo se-harmonic (i-harmonique emaphakathi), esihlanganisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwemisindo ye-chord. Ngokuphambene ne-basse-continue ezwakalayo yangempela, u-Rameau wakha enye - i-basse-fondamentale, ewukulandelana kwe-O. t. ama-chords:

I-Bass eyisisekelo yayiyisayensi yokuqala. ukuqiniswa kwama-harmonics. ukuguquguquka. Ekuchazeni i-O.t. yohlobo lwe-facd chord ku-C-dur, u-Rameau ubeke phambili ithiyori "yokusebenza okukabili" (i-double emploi): uma i-chord iqhubekela phambili ku-gghd, i-O. t yayo. umsindo u-d, uma ku-c -gce, bese kuba ngu-f. Ithiyori enyathelwe yokuzwana (GJ Fogler, 1800; G. Weber, 1817; PI Tchaikovsky, 1872; NA Rimsky-Korsakov, 1884-85; G. Schenker, 1906, njll.) iphelelisa okwesithathu umgomo wokwakha amaculo futhi uthathe kwe O.t. umsindo ophansi we-chord wehliswa waba oyinhloko. vidu - uchungechunge lwesithathu; kumsindo ngamunye wesikali njenge-osn. iphimbo, ama-triad kanye namachords esikhombisa (kanye nalawo angewona ama-chords) akhiwe. Kuthiyori esebenzayo ka-X. Riemann, kwenziwa umehluko phakathi kuka-O. t. kanye ne-prima ye-chord (ku-chord enkulu, kokubili kuhambisana, kwencane akwenzi; isibonelo, ku-ace O. t. - umsindo a, kodwa i-prima - e ). U-P. Hindemith ubeke phambili ithiyori entsha ye-OT, enqunywa isikhawu esivumelanayo esiqine kakhulu nesicacile kakhulu sokubona (isibonelo, uma kukhona ingxenye yesihlanu echosheni, i-OT yakhona iba yi-OT yayo yonke ingoma; uma okwesihlanu cha, kodwa kukhona ikwata, umsebenzi we-O. t. jikelele wenziwa ngu-O. t., njll.). Ithiyori ka-O.t. I-Hindemith ikuvumela ukuthi uhlaziye ongwaqa besimanje. umculo, ongafinyeleleki embonweni wangaphambilini ngakho-ke awubhekwa njengamachords:

Kusetshenziswe ekhulwini lama-20. izindlela zencazelo ka-O. ye-t. empeleni zihluke komunye nomunye. Isibonelo, ku-chord des-f-as-h (ku-C-dur, bheka isibonelo): ngokuvumelana nesistimu yesinyathelo esivame kakhulu ekuvumelaneni kwesikole O. t. - umsindo h; ngokwendlela ye-Hindemith - des (esobala kakhulu endlebeni); ngokwethiyori esebenzayo kaRiemann - g (yize ingekho ku-chord, iwumsindo oyinhloko womsebenzi ovelele.

O. t. i-tonality (imodi) - umsindo oyinhloko, isinyathelo sokuqala sesikali se-modal.

Esikalini semvelo - ithoni ephansi, ngokungafani nama-overtones atholakala ngaphezu kwawo (empeleni ama-overtones).

References: Tchaikovsky PI, Umhlahlandlela wesifundo esisebenzayo sokuvumelana, M., 1872; Rimsky-Korsakov HA, Harmony Textbook, St. Petersburg, 1884-85; eyakhe, Incwadi ewusizo yokuvumelana, iSt. Petersburg, 1886 (efanayo, i-Poln. sobr. soch., vol. IV, M., 1960); Inkambo ewusizo yokuvumelana, izingxenye 1-2, M., 1934-35; Rameau J.-Ph., Traité de l'harmonie reduite a ses principes naturels, P., 1722; Weber G., Versuch einer geordneten Theorie der Tonsetzkunst, Bd 1-3, Mainz, 1817-1821; Riemann H., Vereinfachte Harmonielehre oder die Lehre von den tonalen Funktionen der Akkorde, L. – NY, (1893) eyakhe, Systematische Modulationslehre als Grundlage der musikalischen Formenlehre, Hamb., 1901 (Russian Rinetic do. ukuguquguquka njengesisekelo semfundiso yamafomu omculo, M. - Leipzig, 1887, 1898); Hindemith R., Unterweisung im Tonsatz, TI. 1929, Mainz, 1.

Yu. H. Kholopov