Imihlobiso |

kusuka. lat. i-ornamentum - umhlobiso

Imisindo yesikhathi esifushane uma kuqhathaniswa, ehlobisa iphethini yomculo oyinhloko. O. ihlanganisa i-acc. izinhlobo zamavesi, ama-tyrates, imifanekiso, umusa. I-Sphere ye-O. ihlanganisa ne-tremolo ne-vibrato. Eduze kwayo kunezinhlobo ezithile zesigqi esingaphawuliwe. izinguquko ezenziwa ohlelweni lokusebenza - i-rubato, isigqi se-Lombard, njll amanothi angalingani (amanothi inégales). Ezokugcina zazisetshenziswa ngesiFulentshi. umculo we-harpsichord 17-18 eminyaka. Izinhlobonhlobo zabo eziyinhloko - ezivunyelwe encazelweni. izimo, ukusebenza kokumataniswa kweshumi nesithupha, lesishiyagalombili, ikota ngokukhululekile, eduze nesigqi esinamachashazi. O. imininingwane ye-melodic. umugqa, uwusuthisa ngamazwi, ukhuphula ubushelelezi bokushintshwa komsindo. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kumafomu ahlukahlukene.

Emsuka wayo kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo i-O. ixhumene kakhulu nokuthuthukiswa. Isikhathi eside eNtshonalanga Yurophu. uphrof. imonophony yayidlangile emculweni. Njengoba, kulokhu, umqambi kanye nomculi babevame ukuhlanganiswa kumuntu oyedwa, izimo ezivumayo zenzelwe ukuthuthukiswa okucebile kobuciko bokuhlobisa okuthuthukisiwe okuhlanganisa umculo we-melodic. umugqa ngokujwayelekile noma ezidalweni. izingcezwana. Lolu hlobo lomhlobiso womculo lubizwa ngokuthi. mahhala O. Ithatha indawo ebalulekile eminyuziyamu engakahlolisiswa ngokwanele. amasiko abantu abangewona abaseYurophu. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-O. yamahhala, eyasungulwa eNtshonalanga Yurophu yakudala. umculo, ukunciphisa (3) kanye ne-coloratura. I-Coloratura ingase futhi ihlanganise imihlobiso emincane, eqinile. imisindo, i-to-rye ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-melismas. I-Arpeggios nayo ingahlukaniswa njenge-melismas, okuthi, njengokuhlukile, ibhekisele eziningana. imisindo eyakha imisindo. Imihlobiso ikhethwe ngokukhethekile. imifanekiso noma ebhalwe ngamanothi amancane. Ukuthambekela okujwayelekile komlando wentuthuko yaseYurophu O. - isifiso sokulawulwa ngokulondolozwa okungenakugwemeka kwezakhi zokuthuthukiswa.

Emaculweni aqoshiwe aseByzantium nekaGregory, ch. ar. abokuqala, kanye nezinhlobo ezikhethekile eziyinhloko zemihlobiso ye-neum (isibonelo, i-quilisms), ingqikithi yayo engakacaciswa ngokugcwele, itholakala namabheji ahlakaniphile. Ukuchichima kuka-O. kwahluka, ngokusho kwabacwaningi abaningi, abanye baseRussia. kondakar ukucula (bheka futhi Fita).

ENtshonalanga Yurophu. (ikakhulukazi isi-Italian-Spanish) i-polygoal. uk. umculo wasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi kanye neRenaissance (motets, madrigals, njll.) njengokuthuthukiswa. ukwenza isici. art-va indlela yokunciphisa ithole intuthuko enkulu. Wenze neyodwa yezingoma zokuthungwa. izisekelo instr yasendulo enjalo. izinhlobo ezifana nesandulela, ricercar, toccata, fantasy. UMnyango. amafomula anciphayo agqama kancane kancane ekubonakalisweni okuhlukahlukene kwenkulumo ekhululekile, okokuqala nje ekuphetheni kwengoma. izakhiwo (ngezigatshana). Around ser. ngo-15 c. kuye. org. ithebula livele umfanekiso wokuqala. amabheji okubhala imihlobiso. K ser. Ikhulu le-16 laqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi - ekuwohlokeni. okuhlukile nokuxhumana - i-morden, i-trill, i-gruppetto, i-to-rye isephakathi kokuyinhloko. instr. ubucwebe. Ngokusobala, zakhiwa umkhuba instr. ukusebenza.

Kusukela esitezi sesi-2. Ikhulu le-16 lamahhala i-O. ithuthukiswe hl. ar. e-Italy, ikakhulukazi ngomculo ohlukile. ukunotha kwe-solo wok. umculo, kanye ne-violinist edonsela ebuhleni. umculo. Ngaleso sikhathi kuviolin. umculo awukakutholi ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-vibrato, eveza imisindo enwetshiwe, kanye nokuhlotshiswa okucebile komculo okusetshenziswe njengokuthatha indawo yawo. Imihlobiso ye-Melismatic (imihlobiso, izivumelwano) yathola ukuthuthukiswa okukhethekile kwezobuciko baseFrance. ama-lutenists nama-harpsichordists ekhulwini le-17 nele-18, okwakukhona ukuthembela okuphawulekayo kumdanso. izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwesitayela esiyinkimbinkimbi. Emculweni wesiFulentshi kwakukhona uxhumano oluseduze instr. izivumelwano ne-wok yezwe. isosha esihlatshelelwayo (okubizwa ngokuthi i-airs de cour), yona ngokwayo eyayigcwele umdanso. ipulasitiki. Ama-virginalists angamaNgisi (ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16), athambekele ekuculeni izingoma kanye nokwehluka kwawo. ukuthuthukiswa, emkhakheni we-O. uthambekele kakhulu kubuchule bokunciphisa. Bambalwa abane-melismatic. imifanekiso esetshenziswa yizintombi azikwazi ukuchazwa kahle. E-Austrian clavier art-ve, eyaqala ukukhula ngokujulile kusukela maphakathi. Ngekhulu le-17, kuze kufike ku-JS Bach, okuhlanganisiwe, amandla adonsela phansi abheke e-Italian. ezinciphile futhi French. izitayela ze-melismatic. Kubaculi baseFrance bekhulu le-17 nele-18. kwaba umkhuba ukuhambisana namaqoqo emidlalo namatafula okuhlobisa. Ithebula eligqamile kakhulu (elinezinhlobo ezingama-29 zama-melismas) landulelwa eqoqweni le-harpsichord lika-JA d'Anglebert (1689); nakuba amatafula alolu hlobo atholakala enganaki. ukungezwani, sekuphenduke uhlobo oluthile lwezilimi zomdabu. jewelry izinhlu. Ikakhulukazi, kuthebula eliqalwe ngu-Bach ku-“Clavier Book ka-Wilhelm Friedemann Bach” (1720), kuningi kubolekwe ku-d'Anglebert.

Ukusuka ku-O. mahhala kubheke kubucwebe obulawulwayo phakathi kwamaFulentshi. i-harpsichordist yayifakwe ku-orc. umculo ka-JB Lully. Kodwa-ke, amaFulentshi umthetho wobucwebe awuqinile neze, ngoba ngisho netafula elinemininingwane eminingi libonisa incazelo yalo eqondile kuphela kwezicelo ezijwayelekile. Ukuphambuka okuncane kuvunyelwe, okuhambisana nezici ezithile zamamuse. izindwangu. Zincike ku-suit kanye nokunambitheka komculi, nasezinguqulweni ezinemibhalo ebhaliwe - ku-stylistic. ulwazi, izimiso kanye nokunambitha kwabahleli. Ukuchezuka okufanayo akunakugwenywa ekusebenzeni kwemidlalo yokukhanya kwe-French. i-harpsichordism ka-P. Couperin, owaphikelela efuna ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwemithetho yakhe yokuchaza ubucwebe. Franz. kwakujwayelekile futhi ukuthi ama-harpsichordists athathe imihlobiso enciphayo ngaphansi kokulawula kombhali, abakubhala, ikakhulukazi, ngokuhlukahluka. izimpinda.

Ukuze con. Ikhulu le-17, lapho abadlali be-harpsichord baseFulentshi sebengabadwebi bezitayela emkhakheni wabo, imihlobiso efana ne-trill ne-grace note, kanye ne-melodic. umsebenzi, baqala ukwenza i-harmonic entsha. umsebenzi, ukudala kanye nokucija i-dissonance ku-downbeat yebha. U-JS Bach, njengo-D. Scarlatti, ngokuvamile wayebhala imihlobiso ehlukene ngokuyinhloko. umbhalo womculo (bheka, isibonelo, Ingxenye II ye-Italian Concerto). Lokhu kwavumela u-IA Sheiba ukuthi akholelwe ukuthi ngokwenza kanjalo, uBach uncisha imisebenzi yakhe. "ubuhle bokuvumelana", ngoba abaqambi ngaleso sikhathi babekhetha ukubhala yonke imihlobiso ngezithonjana noma amanothi amancane, ukuze kube nemifanekiso. amarekhodi akhuluma ngokucacile i-harmonich. euphony of the main chords.

UF. Couperin unesiFulentshi esicolisisiwe. isitayela se-harpsichord safinyelela umvuthwandaba. Emidlalweni evuthiwe ka-JF Rameau, kwembulwa isifiso sokudlulela ngale kwemingcele yokucabangisisa kwegumbi, ukuqinisa ukuguquguquka okusebenzayo kwentuthuko, ukukusebenzisa emculweni. ukubhala imivimbo yokuhlobisa ebanzi, ikakhulukazi, ngendlela yokuvumelana kwangemuva. imifanekiso. Ngakho-ke ukuthambekela kokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kwemihlobiso e-Rameau, kanye nesiFulentshi sakamuva. ama-harpsichordists, isibonelo. kwa-J. Dufly. Nokho, ngekota yesi-3. Ikhulu le-18 u-O. ufinyelele usuku olusha ekukhiqizeni. Kuhlotshaniswa namathrendi e-sentimentalist. Ummeleli ovelele walobu buciko. Ukuqondisa emculweni kwenziwa ngu-FE Bach, umbhali wencwadi ethi "Isipiliyoni sendlela efanele yokudlala i-clavier", lapho anaka kakhulu imibuzo ka-O.

Ukuqhakaza okuphezulu okwalandela kwe-Viennese classicism, ngokuhambisana nobuhle obusha. imibono, kwaholela ekusetshenzisweni okuqinile nokulinganiselwe kwe-O. Noma kunjalo, waqhubeka edlala indima evelele emsebenzini ka-J. Haydn, WA ​​Mozart kanye no-L. Beethoven osemusha. I-O. yamahhala yahlala eYurophu. uNdunankulu womculo. emkhakheni wokuhlukahluka, i-virtuoso conc. cadenzas futhi wok. umbala. Lesi sakamuva sibonakala kwezothando. fp. umculo 1st floor. Ikhulu le-19 (ikakhulukazi amafomu okuqala ngu-F. Chopin). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsindo ophikisayo we-melismas washintsha ungwaqa; ikakhulukazi, i-trill yaqala ukuqala i-preim. hhayi ngokusiza, kodwa ngokuyinhloko. umsindo, ngokuvamile ngokwakheka kokuphuma kwebhithi. I-harmonic enjalo futhi ene-rhythmic. ukuthambisa u-O. kuqhathaniswe nokukhula kwe-dissonance yamaculo ngokwawo. Ukuthuthukiswa okungakaze kubonwe kwe-harmonica kwaba isici sabaqambi bothando. ingemuva elingokomfanekiso ku-fp. umculo onombala obanzi. ukusetshenziswa kwe-pedalization, kanye nemifanekiso ye-timbre-colorful. ama-invoyisi ku-orc. amaphuzu. Esitezi sesi-2. Inani lekhulu le-19 le-O. lehlile. Ngekhulu lama-20 indima ye-O. yamahhala yanda futhi mayelana nokuqiniswa kokuthuthukiswa. waqala kwezinye izindawo zomculo. ubuciko, isibonelo. emculweni we-jazz. Kukhona i-methodological-theoretical enkulu. Imibhalo ngezinkinga zika-O. Ikhiqizwa yimizamo engakhathali yokucacisa ngokwedlulele izenzakalo zika-O., "ukumelana" nalokhu ekuthuthukisweni kwabo. imvelo. Okuningi kwalokho okuvezwa ababhali bemisebenzi njengemithetho eqinile ebanzi yokuqopha, empeleni, kuvela ukuthi izincomo eziyingxenye kuphela.

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BH Bryantseva