Ama-orchestra wezinsimbi zomculo wesintu |

Ama-orchestra wezinsimbi zomculo wesintu – Ensembles ehlanganisa nat. izinsimbi zomculo ngesimo sazo sokuqala noma esakhiwe kabusha. Yena. futhi. ziyafana ekwakhiweni (ngokwesibonelo, zisuka ku-domra efanayo, i-bandura, i-mandolin, njll.) futhi zixubile (ngokwesibonelo, i-orchestra ye-domra-balalaika). Umgomo wenhlangano O. n. futhi. kuncike ezicini zomculo. isiko lalaba bantu. Kuma-orchestra abantu abangayazi i-polyphony, ukusebenza ku-heterophonic: izwi ngalinye lidlala umculo ofanayo, futhi abahlanganyeli bangakwazi ukuwushintsha. Ama-ensembles ohlobo lwe-bourdon enza umculo nokuhambisana (ngokunembile, ingemuva): amanothi aqhubekayo, izibalo ze-ostinato; iqoqo elinjalo lingase libe nesigqi kuphela. Ama-orchestra ezizwe, umculo wawo osuselwe ku-harmonica. Ngokuyisisekelo, benza umculo nokuhambisana. Ama-ensembles amancane ayevamile kwabaningi. abantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ukuba abathwali nar. instr. isiko. Babenendawo enkulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke (kudlalwa ngamaholide, emishadweni, njll.). Ku-instr. ama-ensembles wezigaba zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa komphakathi, umculo ongakakwazi ukuzimela. ubuciko, obuhambisana negama, ukucula, ukudansa, isenzo. Isibonelo, amaNdiya aseBrazil emdansweni wokuzingela umsindo wamapayipi okhuni, amapayipi nezigubhu abonisa izingulube zasendle nabazingeli (izenzo ezinjalo zaziwa phakathi kwabantu abaningi). Emculweni odlalwa abantu base-Afrika (eGuinea), abantu baseNdiya, Vietnam, nabanye, umculo nesizinda (okuvame ukuhambisana nesigqi) ngezinye izikhathi kuhlukaniswa. Izinhlobo ezithile ze-polyphony ziyisici seqoqo le-Pan flute (Solomon Islands), Indonesia. umdlalo.

Abantu abaningi baye bahlakulela amasiko. izingoma instr. ama-ensembles: eRussia - umculo. ama-ensembles wabadlali bezimpondo, abadlali be-kuvikla (kuvichki); e-Ukraine - uziqu-zintathu womculo (i-violin, i-bass (i-bass), amasimbali noma ithamborini; ngezinye izikhathi i-violin ne-bass; ama-ensembles of trinity of music ayethandwa kwaze kwaba maphakathi nekhulu le-19), eBelarus - i-violin, amasimbali, ithamborini noma i-violin, amasimbali, isihawu noma i-dudy; eMoldova - i-taraf (i-clarinet, i-violin, amasimbali, isigubhu); e-Uzbekistan naseTajikistan – mashoklya (surnay, kornay, nagora); eTranscaucasia naseNyakatho. I-Caucasus 3 instr. ama-ensembles - i-dudukchi (duduk duet), i-zurnachi (i-zurn duet, okuvame ukungezwa kuyo amasheya), i-sazandari (i-tar, i-keman-cha, i-daf, kanye nezinye izingoma); e-Lithuania - ama-ensembles e-skuduchiai ne-ragas, e-Latvia - i-stabule ne-suomi dudy, e-Estonia - amasonto asemaphandleni (isibonelo, i-cannele, i-violin, i-harmonica).

E-Russia, izinsimbi ze-folk ensemble zaziwa kusukela ngekhulu le-12. (kudlalwa emadilini, ngamaholide, ngezikhathi zomngcwabo; kuphelezelwa ukucula, ukusina). Ukwakheka kwabo kuxubile (ama-sniffles, amathamborini, ihabhu; uphondo, ihabhu) noma i-homogeneous (amaculo ama-gooselytsik, amahabhu, njll.). Ngo-1870, u-NV Kondratiev wahlela iqembu labahlabeleli bakaVladimir uphondo; ngo-1886, u-NI Beloborodov wahlela i-orchestra ye-chromatic. Harmonica, ngo-1887 VV Andreev - "I-Circle of Balalaika Lovers" (iqoqo labaculi abangu-8), ngo-1896 laguqulwa laba yi-Great Orchestra yaseRussia. La maqembu adlala emadolobheni aseRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Ngokulandela isibonelo se-orchestra ka-Andreev, i-amateur u-O. n. futhi. Ngo-1902, uG. Khotkevich, enezela abadlali be-bandura ne-lyre ku-ensemble, wadala i-Ukraine yokuqala. Yena. futhi. E-Lithuania ngo-1906 iqoqo le-ethnographic lama-cancles asendulo. Ezimpahla. i-folklore, lapho ama-oks edlala indima ehamba phambili. izinhlobo, instr. ensembles uNdunankulu. kuhambisana nokudansa nokucula. Ngo-1888 kwahlelwa impahla yokuqala. nat. i-orchestra. E-Armenia, ama-folk ensembles Izinsimbi zikhona kusukela ngo-BC. e. Ngokuvumelana. Ikhulu le-19 iqoqo lika-ashug Jivani lazuza udumo.

Esikhathini sezikhova izimo zentuthuko ebanzi ye-O. of n zidalwe. futhi. Emazweni enyunyana nasemaRiphabhulikhi azimele, mningi umsebenzi owenziwayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kwakhiwe kabusha amabhanga. amathuluzi omculo abe nesandla ekuthuthukisweni kwe-express yabo. kanye nobuchwepheshe. amathuba (bheka Ukwakhiwa Kabusha kwezinsimbi zomculo). Elinye lama-orchestra okuqala elakhiwe ngamabhinki athuthukisiwe. izinsimbi, kwaba okuthiwa. I-Eastern Symphony. i-orchestra eyayihlelwe ngu-VG Buni ngo-1925-26 e-Armenia.

Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1940 kuma-Ensembles endabuko aya ngokuya ethulwa ukuze ahambisane. amathuluzi. Ngakho, ensemble Russian. I-kuvikl ivame ukufaka i-snot, i-zhaleyka ne-violin, i-duet yaseCaucasia ye-zurn ne-dudukov ihambisana ne-harmonica "yasempumalanga", njll. I-harmonica, futhi ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zayo ezifana ne-button accordion, i-accordion, ifakwe kabanzi kwabaningi. nat. ama-ensembles. Ukwakhiwa kweRussian He. futhi., ngaphezu kwe-accordion yenkinobho, ngezinye izikhathi zihlanganisa i-zhaleyki, izimpondo, izinkezo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi umtshingo, i-oboe, i-clarinet, neminye imimoya. izinsimbi (isibonelo, ku-orchestra yeNgoma Nomdanso Ensemble yeSoviet Army eqanjwe ngo-AV Aleksandrov). Inani loprofesa. Yena. futhi., zadalwa instr. amaqembu ezingoma zengoma nomdanso, ikhwaya. nokudansa. emakomitini okusakaza emsakazweni. Kanye noProf. Yena. futhi., elawulwa yi-allied kanye ne-rep. I-Philharmonic futhi ihola i-conc ebanzi. umsebenzi, e-USSR, nayizimfundamakhwela zanda. ama-orchestra nama-ensembles (ezindlini zamasiko, emakilabhini). Yena. futhi. avela kumariphabhulikhi lapho ngaphambilini bekungekho polyphony nokudlala ndawonye (isibonelo, eKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan). Phakathi kokubi kakhulu. Yena. futhi: Rus. nar. i-orchestra yabo. NP Osipova (eMoscow, kusukela ngo-1940), Rus. nar. i-orchestra yabo. VV Andreeva (bona i-Orchestra of Russian Folk Instruments), Kazakh. amathuluzi omculo we-orchestra kubo. Kurmangazy (1934), Uzbek. izinsimbi zomculo we-orchestra (1938), Nar. i-orchestra ye-BSSR (1938), isikhunta se-orchestra. nar. izinsimbi (1949, kusukela 1957 "Fluerash") kanye ensemble of nar. umculo "Folklore" (1968) eMoldova, orchestra Rus. nar. bahlabelele. MB Pyatnitsky, i-orchestra eQenjini Lezingoma Nomdanso Wezikhova. Mabutho them. AV Aleksandrova; instr. iqembu engoma kaKarelian nomdanso ensemble "Kantele" (1936), lit. Ensemble "Letuva" (1940), Ukr. nar. bahlabelele. G. Veryovki (1943). Izinsimbi ze-Orchestra kanye ne-Ensembles zine-repertoire ebanzi, ehlanganisa i-instr. imidlalo, imidanso nezingoma zabantu base-USSR nakwamanye amazwe. amazwe, kanye nezikhova. abaqambi (kuhlanganise nalabo ababhalelwe u-O. n. kanye.), classical. umculo.

Ukudlala amakilasi ku-nar. amathuluzi, izinhlaka zokuqeqesha Prof. abadlali, abaqhubi, othisha nabaqondisi bezobuciko. ama-ateur performances, atholakala ngenani eliphezulu uch. izikhungo zezwe (isibonelo, eLeningrad, Kyiv, Riga, Baku, Tashkent kanye nezinye Conservatory, Moscow Musical and Pedagogical Institute, izikhungo isiko emadolobheni amaningi), kanye umculo. uch-shah, umculo wezingane. izikole, imibuthano ekhethekile ezigodlweni Zamasiko kanye nezimfundamakhwela ezinkulu. amaqoqo.

Yena. futhi. evamile kwamanye ama-socialist. amazwe. Emazweni angaphandle kukhona u-prof. kanye nemfundamakhwela u-O. n. kanye., okuhlanganisa neziginci, ama-mandolin, amavayolini, njll. zesimanjemanje. amathuluzi omculo.

References: U-Andreev VV, I-Orchestra Enkulu YaseRussia Nokubaluleka Kwayo Kubantu, (P., 1917); U-Alekseev K., I-Amateur Orchestra ye-Folk Instruments, M., 1948; Gizatov B., Kazakh state. I-orchestra ye-Folk Instruments Kurmangazy, A.-A., 1957; Zhinovich I., Isifunda. I-orchestra yabantu baseBelarusian, eMinsk, ngo-1958; U-Vyzgo T., Petrosyants A., i-orchestra yase-Uzbek yezinsimbi zomculo, Tash., 1962; Sokolov F., VV Andreev ne-orchestra yakhe, L., 1962; U-Vertkov K., izinsimbi zomculo zabantu baseRussia, L., 1975.

GI Blagodatov