Zurab Andzshaparidze |

Zurab Andzshaparidze

Igama le-tenor yaseGeorgia uZurab Anjaparidze libhalwe ngezinhlamvu zegolide emlandweni wethiyetha kazwelonke yomculo. Ngeshwa, sigubha iminyaka yamanje yenkosi evelele, omunye wamaJalimane amahle kakhulu noRadames we-opera yaseSoviet, ngaphandle kwakhe - eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule, umculi odumile wafa. Kodwa inkumbulo ye "Soviet Franco Corelli" (njengoba abezindaba base-Italy babembiza kanjalo ngesikhathi sakhe) isaphila nanamuhla - ezikhumbuzo zozakwabo, abathanda ithalente abashisekayo, ekurekhodweni okulalelwayo kwama-opera aseRussia, isiNtaliyane nesiGeorgia.

Uma ubheka isiphetho salo muntu ovelele, uyamangala ukuthi kungakanani akwazi ukukwenza eminyakeni yakhe, eqinisweni, hhayi ikhulu leminyaka elide, futhi uyaqonda ukuthi wayekhuthele, enomdlandla futhi enenjongo. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, uyaqaphela ukuthi kwakungase kube nama-premieres amaningi kakhulu, izinkambo, imihlangano ethokozisayo empilweni yakhe, uma kungenjalo ngenxa yomona womuntu kanye nobubi, okwahlangana ngeshwa endleleni yakhe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. U-Anjaparidze, ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayeziqhenya futhi eshiseka ngendlela yaseCaucasia - mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi amaqhawe akhe ayeqotho futhi ejabulisa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yena ngokwakhe wayengathandeki kakhulu: wayengazi ukuthi angakhetha kanjani abaxhasi emahhovisi aphezulu, yena. Wayengenakho “ubuhlakani” ngokwanele - “obenza abangane ngokumelene naye” enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi… Futhi, noma kunjalo, umsebenzi wenkanyezi womculi senzeka, senzeka naphezu kwawo wonke amasu – ngokufanele, ngokufaneleka.

Iningi lomsebenzi wakhe wokudala uxhumene neGeorgia yakubo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe isiko lomculo angakwazi ukukwenza okuningi. Kodwa-ke, ngokungangabazeki, okumangalisa kakhulu, okuthelayo futhi okuphawulekayo kumculi ngokwakhe, kanye namasiko omculo wezwe lethu elivamile elikhulu, kwakuyinkathi yomsebenzi wakhe eMoscow, eBolshoi Theatre yase-USSR.

Owazalelwa eKutaisi futhi owaphothula eTbilisi Conservatory (ikilasi likaDavid Andguladze, uthisha odumile, futhi esikhathini esidlule umholi ohamba phambili we-Tbilisi Opera) weza ukunqoba inhloko-dolobha yaseSoviet Union, ephethe imithwalo yakhe, ngaphezu kwalokho. ngezwi elihle kanye nemfundo eqinile yezwi, izinkathi eziyisikhombisa esiteji se-Tbilisi Opera House, lapho phakathi nalesi sikhathi u-Anjaparidze enethuba lokucula izingxenye eziningi ezihamba phambili ze-tenor. Kwakuyisisekelo esihle ngempela, ngoba i-Tbilisi Opera ngaleso sikhathi yayingenye yezindlu ezinhlanu ezihamba phambili ze-opera e-USSR, amakhosi adumile aye acula isikhathi eside kulesi siteji. Ngokuvamile, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-opera e-Tbilisi, eGeorgia, ithole indawo evundile - lokhu kusungulwa kwe-Italy kugxilwe ngokuqinile enhlabathini yaseGeorgia kusukela phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, sibonga, okokuqala, emasikweni okucula ajulile akhona izwe kusukela kudala, futhi okwesibili, imisebenzi yezinkampani ze-opera ezizimele zase-Italy nezaseRussia kanye nabadlali abavakashi ngabanye abakhuthaza ngenkuthalo umculo we-classical eTranscaucasus.

Ithiyetha yokuqala kuleli lizwe ekupheleni kweminyaka yamashumi amahlanu yayinesidingo esikhulu sezindima ezimangalisayo kanye ne-mezzo-characteristic. Ngokushesha ngemva kwempi, u-Nikolai Ozerov, umhumushi ohlakaniphile we-lyrical repertoire ephawulekayo, washiya isiteji. Ngo-1954, umculi wesikhathi eside wezingxenye ezichitha igazi kakhulu, uNikandr Khanaev, wahlabelela okokugcina uHerman. Ngo-1957, uGeorgy Nelepp odumile wafa ngokuzumayo, ngaleso sikhathi owayeseqophelweni eliphezulu lamandla akhe okudala futhi ngokwemvelo wadweba ingxenye yengonyama ye-tenor repertoire yaseshashalazini. Futhi nakuba iqembu le-tenor lalihlanganisa amakhosi ahlonishwayo, njengesibonelo, uGrigory Bolshakov noma uVladimir Ivanovsky, akungabazeki ukuthi kwakudinga ukuqinisa.

Efika enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini ngo-1959, u-Anjaparidze wahlala "eyinombolo yokuqala" e-Bolshoi kwaze kwaba yilapho ehamba ngo-1970. Izwi elihle ngokungavamile, ukubukeka kwesiteji okukhanyayo, umoya ovuthayo - konke lokhu ngokushesha akuzange kumphakamisele ezinhlwini zeqembu. okokuqala, kodwa wamenza umbusi oyedwa futhi ongenakuqhathaniswa we-tenor Olympus. Wethulwa ngokuzithandela ngabaqondisi bemidlalo yeshashalazi emidlalweni ebaluleke kakhulu nefiselekayo kunoma yimuphi umculi - uCarmen, Aida, Rigoletto, La Traviata, Boris Godunov, Iolanthe. Ubambe iqhaza emidlalweni yetiyetha ebaluleke kakhulu yangaleyo minyaka, efana noFaust, uDon Carlos noma i-Queen of Spades. Abalingani bakhe njalo esiteji saseMoscow - abahlabeleli abakhulu baseRussia, bese beqala nje umsebenzi wabo kontanga - u-Irina Arkhipov, uGalina Vishnevskaya, uTamara Milashkina. Njengoba kufanele umculi wesikhundla sokuqala (ukuthi lokhu kuhle noma kubi kuwumbuzo omkhulu, kodwa indlela eyodwa noma enye umkhuba onjalo ukhona emazweni amaningi), u-Anjaparidze wacula ikakhulukazi ama-opera asendulo e-repertoire yase-Italy ne-Russian - okungukuthi, ethandwa kakhulu, i-box office isebenza. Kodwa-ke, kubonakala sengathi ukukhetha okunjalo akwenziwanga kangako ukuze kucatshangelwe amathuba futhi hhayi nje ngenxa yezimo ezikhona. U-Anjaparidze wayehamba phambili kumaqhawe othando - oqotho, onothando. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela “yesiNtaliyane” yokuzicula yona, izwi lakudala ngomqondo ongcono kakhulu wegama, yanquma kusengaphambili le ngoma yomculi. Ingqophamlando ye-repertoire yakhe yase-Italy yaqashelwa ngokufanelekile abaningi njengo-Radamès wase-Verdi's Aida. “Izwi lomculi ligeleza ngokukhululeka nangokunamandla, kuma-ensembles eyedwa nakuma-extended ensembles. Idatha yangaphandle enhle kakhulu, ubuhle, ubudoda, ubuqotho bemizwa ifaneleka kakhulu isithombe sesiteji somlingiswa, "imigqa enjalo ingafundwa ekubuyekezweni kwaleyo minyaka. Ngempela, iMoscow ayikaze iyibone iRadames ekhaliphile kangako ngaphambi noma ngemva kuka-Anjaparidze. Izwi lakhe lobudoda elinerejista ephezulu, enegazi eligcwele, elidlidlizayo, nokho, lalinomsindo omningi womculo emsindweni walo, okuvumela umculi ukuthi enze isithombe esinezinhlangothi eziningi, asebenzise kabanzi iphalethi ebanzi yemibala yezwi kusukela ezinkondlweni ezithambile kuya emdlalweni ocebile. . Ukwengeza eqinisweni lokuthi umdwebi wayemane emuhle, wayenokubukeka kwaseningizimu okukhanyayo, okucacile, okwakufaneleka kakhulu isithombe somGibhithe oshisekayo othandweni. I-Radames enjalo ephelele, yebo, ifaneleka ngokuphelele ekukhiqizweni kwe-Bolshoi Theatre ngo-1951, eyayisesiteji sayo iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu (umdlalo wokugcina wenziwa ngo-1983) futhi abaningi abawubheka njengenye yezinhle kakhulu. isebenza emlandweni we-Opera yaseMoscow.

Kodwa umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ka-Anjaparidze enkathini yaseMoscow, owamlethela ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, wawuyingxenye kaHerman we-Queen of Spades. Kwakungemva kokudlala le opera phakathi nohambo lwaseBolshoi Theatre eLa Scala ngo-1964 lapho abezindaba base-Italy babhala khona: “IZurab Anjaparidze itholwe umphakathi waseMilanese. Lona umculi onezwi eliqinile, elinomsindo futhi elilinganayo, okwazi ukunikeza izingqinamba kubaculi abahlonishwa kakhulu besigcawu se-opera sase-Italy. Yini eyamkhanga kangaka ekuchazeni kwakhe iqhawe elidumile likaPushkin noTchaikovsky, empeleni, kude kakhulu ne-romantic pathos ye-opera yase-Italy, lapho yonke inothi, yonke imisho yomculo iphefumula iqiniso elimangalisayo likaDostoevsky? Kubonakala sengathi iqhawe lecebo elinjalo limane liphikisana ne-Tenor "Italian" Anjaparidze, nolimi lwesiRashiya lomculi, ngokungananazi, alunasici. kanye nesiJalimane esihlakaniphile, u-Andzhaparidze unikeze leli qhawe uthando lwe-Italian nokuthandana. Kwakungavamile ukuthi abathandi bomculo bezwe kule ngxenye hhayi izwi lesiRashiya elikhethekile, kodwa i-tenor kanokusho “yesiNtaliyane” - indlebe eshisayo nejabulisayo yawo wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ucula ini. Kodwa ngasizathu simbe, thina esijwayelene nezincazelo eziningi ezinhle kakhulu zale ngxenye kokubili eRussia nakwamanye amazwe, siyaqhubeka sikhathazeke mayelana nalokhu ukusebenza ngemva kweminyaka. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi u-Anjaparidze wakwazi ukwenza iqhawe lakhe, ngaphezu kwezinye izinzuzo, hhayi incwadi, kodwa umuntu ophilayo ngempela, wangempela. Awuyeki ukumangala ngokugeleza kwamandla okuchotshozwayo okuvela kurekhodi le-vinyl (eliqoshwe nguB. Khaikin) noma ingoma yefilimu ka-1960 (eqondiswe nguR. Tikhomirov). Bathi uPlacido Domingo muva nje, ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990, ngeseluleko sikaSergei Leiferkus, wenza uHerman wakhe kusukela kuleyo filimu edumile kakade, lapho iqhawe lomculo u-Anjaparidze "lalivuselelwe" ngokungenakuqhathaniswa no-Oleg Strizhenov (lelo cala elingavamile. lapho kuzalaniswa efilimini - i-opera yomculi nomlingisi omangalisayo ayizange ilimaze i-dramaturgy yomsebenzi, okusobala ukuthi yathinta ubuhlakani babo bobabili abadlali). Kubonakala sengathi lokhu kuyisibonelo esihle ngempela, futhi umSpanishi omkhulu wakwazi ukwazisa i-tenor yaseGeorgia eyingqayizivele, uHerman.

Ukuhamba kuka-Anjaparidze eBolshoi kwakushesha. Ngo-1970, ngesikhathi semidlalo yaseshashalazini eParis, ngokusikisela kwabangafuni kahle umculi - ozakwabo eqenjini, imibono ecasulayo yavela emaphephandabeni aseFrance ukuthi ukubukeka komlingisi kwakungahambisani nezithombe zamaqhawe asemasha athandana naye. esiteji. Ngobulungisa, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi inkinga yesisindo esiningi yayikhona ngempela, kodwa futhi kwaziwa ukuthi lokhu akuzange kuphazamise umbono wezilaleli zesithombe umculi angadala esiteji, isithombe esinjalo ukuthi ngisho naphezu kwakhe. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, u-Anjaparidze wayeyipulasitiki ngokumangalisayo, futhi bambalwa abantu ababona amaphawundi akhe engeziwe. Noma kunjalo, kumuntu waseGeorgia oziqhenyayo, ukungahloniphi okunjalo kwakwanele ukuba ashiye inkampani ehamba phambili ye-opera yaseSoviet ngaphandle kokuzisola futhi abuyele ekhaya eTbilisi. Cishe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule kusukela kulezo zenzakalo kuze kube sekufeni komculi wabonisa ukuthi bobabili u-Anjaparidze noBolshoy balahlekelwa kuleyo ngxabano. Eqinisweni, unyaka we-1970 waqeda umsebenzi omfushane wamazwe ngamazwe womculi, owawuqale kahle kakhulu. Ithiyetha ilahlekelwe i-tenor enhle kakhulu, umuntu okhuthele, onomdlandla, ongenandaba nezinkinga zabanye abantu kanye nesiphetho. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi abaculi baseGeorgia abahlabelela kamuva esiteji seBolshoi bathola "isiqalo empilweni" evela ku-Anjaparidze - Makvala Kasrashvili, Zurab Sotkilava, kanye nondunankulu "waseNtaliyane" weBolshoi Badri Maisuradze.

Ezweni lakubo, u-Anjaparidze wacula kakhulu ku-Tbilisi Opera ene-repertoire ehlukahlukene kakhulu, enaka kakhulu ama-opera kazwelonke - u-Abisalom no-Eteri kaPaliashvili, uLatavra, uMindia kaTaktakishvili nabanye. Ngokusho kwendodakazi yakhe, umshayi wopiyano odumile u-Eteri Anjaparidze, “isikhundla sokuphatha asizange simkhange ngempela, njengoba bonke ababengaphansi kwakhe babengabangane bakhe, futhi kwakumphoxa “ukuqondisa” phakathi kwabangane bakhe. U-Anjaparidze naye wayesemsebenzini wokufundisa - okokuqala njengoprofesa e-Tbilisi Conservatory, futhi kamuva wahola uMnyango Wezeshashalazi Zomculo e-Theater Institute.

Inkumbulo kaZurab Anjaparidze ihlonishwa ezweni lomculi. Ngosuku lwesihlanu lokushona komculi, ukuqhuma kwethusi komqophi u-Otar Parulava kwamiswa ethuneni lakhe esigcawini seTbilisi Opera House, eduze kwamathuna ezinye izinkanyiso ezimbili zomculo we-opera waseGeorgia, uZakharia Paliashvili noVano Sarajishvili. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kwasungulwa isisekelo esiqanjwe ngaye, esiholwa ngumfelokazi walo mculi uManana. Namuhla thina eRussia futhi sikhumbula umculi omkhulu, omnikelo wakhe omkhulu kuwo womabili isiko lomculo waseGeorgia nowaseRussia ubungakaziswa ngokugcwele.

A. Matusevich, 2003 (operanews.ru)