Umlando we-bassoon

I-Bassoon – insimbi yomculo evunguzayo ye-bass, tenor kanye nengxenye yerejista ye-alto, eyenziwe ngokhuni lwe-maple. Kukholelwa ukuthi igama laleli thuluzi livela egameni lesiNtaliyane elithi fagotto, elisho “ifindo, inqwaba, inqwaba.” Futhi eqinisweni, uma ithuluzi lihlakazwa, khona-ke into efana nenqwaba yezinkuni izovela. Ubude obuphelele be-bassoon bungamamitha angu-2,5, kanti obubole be-contrabassoon bungamamitha angu-5. Ithuluzi linesisindo esingaba ngu-3 kg.

Ukuzalwa kwensimbi entsha yomculo

Akwaziwa ukuthi ubani owasungula i-bassoon kuqala, kodwa i-Italy ngekhulu le-17 ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yensimbi. Ukhokho wayo ubizwa ngokuthi i-bombarda yasendulo - insimbi ye-bass yomndeni womhlanga. I-bassoon ihluke ku-bombarda ekuklanyeni, ipayipi yahlukaniswa yaba izingxenye eziningana, ngenxa yalokho insimbi yaba lula ukuwenza nokuthwala. Umsindo wabuye washintsha waba ngcono, ekuqaleni i-bassoon yayibizwa ngokuthi i-dulcian, okusho ukuthi "ithambile, imnandi". Kwakuyishubhu elide eligobile lapho isistimu ye-valve ikhona. I-bassoon yokuqala yayifakwe ama-valve amathathu. Kamuva ngekhulu le-18 kwakukhona ezinhlanu zazo. Isisindo sensimbi sasicishe sibe ngamakhilogremu amathathu. Ubukhulu bepayipi elivuliwe lingaphezu kwamamitha amabili nesigamu ubude. I-counterbassoon inokuningi nakakhulu - cishe amamitha amahlanu.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwethuluzi

Ekuqaleni, ithuluzi lalisetshenziselwa ukukhulisa, amazwi e-dub bass. Kuphela kusukela ngekhulu le-17, uqala ukudlala indima ezimele. Ngalesi sikhathi, abaqambi base-Italy u-Biagio Marini, uDario Castello nabanye bambhalela ama-sonatas. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, uJean-Nicole Savarre wethula umhlaba womculo ku-bassoon, eyayinama-valve ayishumi nanye. Kamuva, izingcweti ezimbili ezivela eFrance: F. Treber kanye no-A. Buffet bathuthuka futhi banezela le nketho. Umnikelo obalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-bassoon wenziwa amakhosi aseJalimane uKarl Almenreder noJohann Adam Haeckel. Yibo okwathi ngo-1831 e-Biebrich, basungula ibhizinisi lokukhiqiza izinsimbi zomoya. U-Almenreder ngo-1843 wadala i-bassoon enama-valve ayishumi nesikhombisa. Lo modeli waba yisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwama-bassoon yinkampani yakwa-Haeckel, eyaba ngumholi ekukhiqizweni kwalezi zinsimbi zomculo. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ama-bassoon amakhosi ase-Austrian naseFrance ayevamile. Kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-bassoon: i-quartbassoon, i-bassoon, i-contrabassoon. Ama-orchestra e-symphony yesimanje asaqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-counterbassoon ekusebenzeni kwawo.

Indawo ye-bassoon emlandweni

EJalimane ngekhulu le-18, ithuluzi lalisezingeni eliphakeme lokuthandwa. Imisindo ye-Bassoon kumakhwaya esonto igcizelele umsindo wezwi. Emisebenzini yomqambi waseJalimane uReinhard Kaiser, insimbi ithola izingxenye zayo njengengxenye ye-orchestra ye-opera. I-bassoon yasetshenziswa emsebenzini wabo ngabaqambi uGeorg Philipp Telemann, uJan Dismas Zelekan. Insimbi yathola izingxenye eziyedwa emisebenzini ka-FJ Haydn no-VA Mozart, i-bassoon repertoire ivame ukuzwakala ku-Concerto e-B-dur, eyabhalwa ngu-Mozart ngo-1774. Uhamba yedwa emisebenzini ka-I. Stravinsky "I-Firebird", I-“The Rite of Spring”, no-A. Bizet ku-“Carmen”, no-P. Tchaikovsky ku-Fourth and Sixth Symphonies, kumakhonsathi ka-Antonio Vivaldi, endaweni yesehlakalo no-Farlaf eM. Glinka e-Ruslan nase-Lyudmila. UMichael Rabinauitz ungumculi we-jazz, ongomunye wabambalwa abaqala ukwenza izingxenye ze-bassoon kumakhonsathi akhe.

Manje insimbi ingazwakala kumakhonsathi e-symphony namabhendi ethusi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angakwazi yedwa noma adlale ku-ensemble.