Umlando wezigubhu

Isigubhu  iyinsimbi yomculo eshaywayo. Izimfuneko zokuqala zesigubhu kwakuyimisindo yabantu. Abantu basendulo kwakufanele bazivikele esilwaneni esihlaselayo ngokushaya isifuba sabo futhi bakhale. Uma kuqhathaniswa nanamuhla, abashayi bezigubhu baziphatha ngendlela efanayo. Futhi bazishaya esifubeni. Futhi bayamemeza. Ukuqondana okumangalisayo.

Kwadlula iminyaka, ubuntu bavela. Abantu baye bafunda ukuthola imisindo ngezindlela ezithuthukisiwe. Kwavela izinto ezifana nesigubhu sesimanje. Umzimba ongenalutho wathathwa njengesisekelo, ulwelwesi lwadonsa kuwo nhlangothi zombili. Ulwelwesi lwenziwa ngesikhumba sezilwane, futhi ludonswa ndawonye ngemithambo yezilwane ezifanayo. Kamuva, kwasetshenziswa izintambo kulokhu. Namuhla, izinsimbi zensimbi ziyasetshenziswa.

Izigubhu – umlando, imvelaphi

Izigubhu zaziwa ukuthi zikhona eSumer lasendulo cishe ngo-3000 BC. Ngesikhathi sokumba eMesopotamiya, kwatholakala ezinye zezinsimbi zomculo ezindala kakhulu, ezenziwe ngendlela yamasilinda amancane, umsuka wawo osukela enkulungwaneni yesithathu BC.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, isigubhu besisetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokubonisa, kanye nokuhambisana nemidanso engokwesiko, udwendwe lwezempi, nemikhosi yenkolo.

Izigubhu zafika eYurophu yanamuhla zivela eMpumalanga Ephakathi. I-prototype yesigubhu esincane (ezempi) sasibolekwe kuma-Arabhu eSpain nasePalestine. Umlando omude wokuthuthukiswa kwensimbi nawo ufakazelwa yizinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zayo namuhla. Izigubhu zokubunjwa okuhlukahlukene ziyaziwa (ngisho nangesimo se-hourglass - Bata) nobukhulu (kufika ku-2 m ububanzi). Kukhona ithusi, izigubhu zokhuni (ngaphandle kolwelwesi); lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izigubhu ze-slit (zingezekilasi lama-idiophones), njenge-Aztec teponazl.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezigubhu ebuthweni laseRussia kwashiwo okokuqala ngesikhathi sokuvinjezelwa kweKazan ngo-1552. Futhi ebuthweni laseRussia, i-nakry (izigubhu) zazisetshenziswa - ama-boilers ethusi ambozwe ngesikhumba. “Amathamborini” anjalo ayethwalwa amakhanda ezigaba ezincane. Amanabukeni ayeboshwe phambi komgibeli, esihlalweni. Bangishaya ngesiswebhu. Ngokusho kwabalobi bangaphandle, ibutho laseRussia lalibuye libe "nezigubhu" ezinkulu - zazithuthwa ngamahhashi amane, futhi abantu abayisishiyagalombili bawashaya.

Besikuphi isigubhu kuqala?

EMesophothamiya, abavubukuli bathole ithuluzi lokushaywa, elineminyaka engaba ngu-6 XNUMX BC, elenziwe ngendlela yamasilinda amancane. Emigedeni yaseNingizimu Melika, imidwebo yasendulo yatholakala ezindongeni, lapho abantu beshaya khona ngezandla zabo ezintweni ezifana kakhulu nezigubhu. Ukwakhiwa kwezigubhu kusetshenziswe izinto ezihlukahlukene. Phakathi kwezizwe zamaNdiya, isihlahla nethanga kwakukuhle kakhulu ekuxazululeni lezi zinkinga. Abantu baseMeya basebenzisa isikhumba senkawu njengolwelwesi, ababelubeka phezu kwesihlahla esingenalutho, kanti amaInca ayesebenzisa isikhumba se-llama.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, isigubhu sasisetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokubonisa, ukuhambisana nemikhosi yemikhosi, imikhosi yezempi kanye nemikhosi yemikhosi. Umqulu wesigubhu waxwayisa isizwe ngengozi, wabeka amaqhawe eqaphile, wadlulisela ulwazi olubalulekile ngosizo lwamaphethini anesigqi aqanjiwe. Ngokuzayo, isigubhu sogibe sathola ukubaluleka okukhulu njengethuluzi lezempi elimashayo. Amasiko ezigubhu ayekhona phakathi kwamaNdiya kanye nama-Afrika kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. EYurophu, isigubhu sasakazeka kamuva kakhulu. Ifike lapha ivela eTurkey maphakathi nekhulu le-16. Umsindo onamandla wesigubhu esikhulu, okhona emaqenjini ezempi aseTurkey, washaqisa abantu baseYurophu, futhi ngokushesha wawuzwakala ekudalweni komculo waseYurophu.

Isigubhu simisiwe

Isigubhu siqukethe umzimba we-cylindrical resonator ongenalutho owenziwe ngokhuni (insimbi) noma uhlaka. Ulwelwesi lwesikhumba lweluliwe phezu kwabo. Manje kusetshenziswa ulwelwesi lwepulasitiki. Lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-50 yekhulu lama-20, ngenxa yabakhiqizi u-Evans noRemo. Ulwelwesi lwe-calfskin oluzwela isimo sezulu luye lwathathelwa indawo ulwelwesi olwenziwe ngezinhlanganisela ze-polymeric. Ngokushaya ulwelwesi ngezandla zakho, induku yokhuni enesihloko esithambile esivela ensimbini ikhiqiza umsindo. Ngokuqinisa ulwelwesi, iphimbo elihlobene lingalungiswa. Kusukela ekuqaleni, umsindo wakhishwa ngosizo lwezandla, kamuva bafika nomqondo wokusebenzisa izigubhu, enye ingxenye yayo eyayiyindilinga futhi isongwe ngendwangu. Izigubhu esizazi namuhla zethulwa ngo-1963 ngu-Everett “Vic” Furse.

Emlandweni omude wokuthuthukiswa kwesigubhu, kuye kwavela izinhlobo nemiklamo ehlukahlukene. Kukhona ithusi, ukhuni, slotted, izigubhu ezinkulu, ezifinyelela 2 m ububanzi, kanye ezihlukahlukene bobunjwa (isibonelo, Bata - ngesimo hourglass). Ebuthweni laseRussia, kwakukhona i-nakry (izigubhu), okwakungamabhayela ethusi ayembozwe ngesikhumba. Izigubhu ezincane ezaziwayo noma tom-tom zeza kithi zivela e-Afrika.

Isigubhu sebhesi.
Uma ucabangela ukufakwa, "umgqomo" omkhulu ubamba iso lakho ngokushesha. Lesi isigubhu se-bass. Inosayizi omkhulu nomsindo ophansi. Ngesinye isikhathi lalisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma- orchestra nasemashini. Yalethwa eYurophu isuka eTurkey ngeminyaka yawo-1500s. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isigubhu se-bass saqala ukusetshenziswa njengokuhambisana nomculo.

Isigubhu sogibe kanye ne-tom-toms.
Ngokubukeka, ama-tom-toms afana nezigubhu ezijwayelekile. Kodwa lokhu kuyingxenye nje. Baqala ukubonakala e-Afrika. Zazenziwe ngeziqu zezihlahla ezingenalutho, izikhumba zezilwane zathathwa njengesisekelo se-membrane. Umsindo we-tom-toms wawusetshenziselwa ukubiza abantu bezizwe zabo empini noma ukubafaka ebuthongweni.
Uma sikhuluma ngesigubhu sogibe kusho ukuthi ukhokho wakhe uyisigubhu sezempi. Yabolekwa kuma-Arabhu ayehlala ePalestine naseSpain. Emibuthanweni yezempi, waba umsizi obalulekile.

Amapuleti.
Phakathi neminyaka yama-20 yekhulu lama-20, i-Charlton Pedal yavela - ukhokho we-hi-hata yesimanje. Amasimbali amancane ayegxiliwe phezu kwerack, futhi i-foot pedal ibekwe ngezansi. Ukusungulwa kwakuncane kangangokuthi kwabangela wonke umuntu ukuphazamiseka. Ngo-1927, imodeli yathuthukiswa. Futhi phakathi kwabantu wathola igama - "izigqoko eziphakeme." Ngakho, i-rack yaba phezulu, futhi amapuleti aba makhulu. Lokhu kwenza abashayi bezigubhu badlale ngazo zombili izinyawo nezandla. Noma hlanganisa imisebenzi. Izigubhu zaqala ukuheha abantu abaningi. Imibono emisha ithululelwe kumanothi.

"I-Pedal".
I-pedal yokuqala yazazisa ngo-1885. Umsunguli - uGeorge R. Olney. Bekudingeka abantu abathathu ngokudlalwa okuvamile kwekhithi: amasimbali, isigubhu sebhess nesigubhu sogibe. Idivaysi ka-Olney yayibukeka njenge-pedal eyayixhunywe onqenqemeni lwesigubhu, futhi i-pedal yayixhunywe kwi-mallet ngesimo sebhola entanjeni yesikhumba.

Izinduku zesigubhu.
Izinduku azizalwanga ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni, imisindo yayikhishwa ngosizo lwezandla. Kamuva kwasetshenziswa izinti ezisongwe. Izinti ezinjalo, esijwayele ukuzibona sonke, zavela ngo-1963. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izinti zenziwe eyodwa kuya kwesinye - zilingana ngesisindo, ubukhulu, ubude kanye nokukhipha amathoni afanayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesigubhu namuhla

Namuhla, izigubhu ezincane nezinkulu ziye zaba yingxenye ye-symphony ne-brass bands. Ngokuvamile isigubhu siba umculi oyedwa we-orchestra. Umsindo wesigubhu urekhodwa eruleni eyodwa (“uchungechunge”), lapho kuphela isigqi esimakiwe. Akubhaliwe esigxotsheni, ngoba. insimbi ayinakho ukuphakama okuthile. Isigubhu sogibe sizwakala somile, sihlukile, ingxenyana igcizelela ngokuphelele isigqi somculo. Imisindo enamandla yesigubhu se-bass ikhumbuza ukuduma kwezibhamu noma ukuduma kwezulu. Isigubhu se-bass esikhulu kunazo zonke, esizwakala kancane siyindawo yokuqala yama-orchestra, isisekelo sezigqi. Namuhla, isigubhu singenye yezinsimbi ezibaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-orchestra, sibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwanoma yiziphi izingoma, imiculo, singumhlanganyeli obaluleke kakhulu emikhosini yezempi namaphayona, futhi namuhla - izingqungquthela zentsha, imibuthano. Ngekhulu lama-20, intshisekelo ezinsimbini zomculo ezishaywayo yanda, ocwaningweni nasekusebenzeni kwesigqi sase-Afrika. Ukusebenzisa amasimbali kushintsha umsindo wensimbi. Kanye nezinsimbi zomculo zikagesi, kwavela izigubhu zikagesi.

Namuhla, abaculi benza lokho okwakungenakwenzeka eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule - ukuhlanganisa imisindo yezigubhu ze-electronic kanye ne-acoustic. Umhlaba uyawazi amagama abaculi abavelele abanjengomshayi wesigubhu okhaliphile uKeith Moon, uPhil Collins obabazekayo, omunye wabashayi besigubhu abahamba phambili emhlabeni, u-Ian Paice, u-virtuoso wamaNgisi uBill Bruford, u-Ringo Starr, u-Ginger Baker, owayengumdidiyeli. okokuqala ukusebenzisa izigubhu ze-bass ezi-2 esikhundleni soyedwa, nezinye eziningi.