Eugene Ormandy |

Eugene Ormandy

Umqhubi waseMelika wemvelaphi yaseHungary. Igama lalo mbhidisi lixhunywe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nomlando weqembu le-symphony elingcono kakhulu emhlabeni - i-Philadelphia. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu u-Ormandy eyinhloko yaleli qoqo, icala elingakaze libonwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezobuciko bomhlaba. Ekukhulumisaneni okuseduze kokudala nale orchestra, empeleni, ithalenta lomqhubi lakhiwa futhi lakhula, isithombe sokudala esingenakucatshangwa ngaphandle kwamaFiladelphia ngisho nanamuhla. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi u-Ormandy, njengabaqondisi abaningi baseMelika besizukulwane sakhe, bavela eYurophu. Wazalelwa futhi wakhulela eBudapest; Lapha, eneminyaka emihlanu, wangena e-Royal Academy of Music futhi eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye waqala ukunikeza amakhonsathi njenge-violinist, ngesikhathi esifanayo efunda noYene Hubai. Nokho, u-Ormandy, mhlawumbe, mhlawumbe, umqhubi wokuqala omkhulu umsebenzi wakhe waqala e-United States. Mayelana nokuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani, umqhubi ngokwakhe uthi okulandelayo:

“Ngangingumdlali wevayolini onekhono futhi ngenza amakhonsathi amaningi ngemva kokuphothula eRoyal Academy eBudapest (ukuqamba, iphuzu eliphikisayo, upiyano). EVienna, i-impresario yaseMelika yangizwa futhi yangimemela eNew York. Lokhu kwakungoDecember 1921. Ngaze ngathola kamuva ukuthi wayengeyena nhlobo i-impresario, kodwa kwase kwephuze kakhulu - ngangiseNew York. Bonke abaphathi abakhulu bangilalela, bonke bavuma ukuthi ngingumdlali wevayolini osezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa ngangidinga ukukhangisa kanye nekhonsathi okungenani eyodwa eCarnegie Hall. Konke lokhu kubiza imali, engangingenayo, ngakho ngangena e-Theatre Symphony Orchestra ye-console yokugcina, engahlala kuyo izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kamuva, injabulo yangimoyizela: bangenza umphelezeli! Kwadlula izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, futhi ngolunye usuku umqhubi, engazi nhlobo ukuthi ngingaqhuba yini, wangitshela ngomlindi ukuthi kwakuzodingeka ngiqhube ekhonsathini elandelayo. Futhi ngaqhuba, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kokuthola amaphuzu ... Senze i-Fourth Symphony kaTchaikovsky. Ngokushesha ngamiswa njengomqhubi wesine. Ngaqala kanjalo-ke umsebenzi wami wokuqeqesha.”

Iminyaka embalwa eyalandela kwakungeyeminyaka ka-Ormandy yokuthuthuka emkhakheni omusha wakhe. Wahambela amakhonsathi e-New York Philharmonic Orchestra, okwakumi kuwo uMengelberg, Toscanini, Furtwängler, Klemperer, Klaiber kanye nabanye ongcweti abadumile ngaleso sikhathi. Kancane kancane, umculi osemusha wakhuphukela esikhundleni somqhubi wesibili we-orchestra, futhi ngo-1926 waba umqondisi wezobuciko we-Radio Orchestra, bese iqembu elithobekile. Ngo-1931, ukuhlangana okujabulisayo kwamsiza ukuba adonse ukunaka: U-Arturo Toscanini akakwazanga ukufika evela eYurophu ukuya emakhonsathini ne-Philadelphia Orchestra, futhi ngemva kokufuna okungenangqondo kokushintshwa, abaphathi bafaka ingozi yokumema u-Ormandy osemusha. Ukuzwakala kwezwi kwadlula konke obekulindelekile, futhi ngokushesha wanikezwa isikhundla sokuba umqhubi omkhulu eMinneapolis. U-Ormandy wasebenza lapho iminyaka emihlanu, eba omunye wabaqhubi abaphawuleka kakhulu besizukulwane esisha. Futhi ngo-1936, lapho uStokowski eshiya i-Philadelphia Orchestra, akekho owamangala ngokuthi u-Ormandy waba umlandeli wakhe. U-Rachmaninov noKreisler batusa ukuba enze umsebenzi onjalo.

Phakathi namashumi eminyaka esebenza ne-Philadelphia Orchestra, u-Ormandy uye wazuza udumo olukhulu emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kwaqhutshwa izinkambo zakhe eziningi emazwenikazi ahlukene, kanye ne-repertoire engenamkhawulo, nokuphelela kweqembu eliholwa nguye, futhi, ekugcineni, othintana nabo abaxhuma umqhubi nabaculi abaningi abavelele besikhathi sethu. U-Ormandy walondoloza ubuhlobo obuseduze nobungane bokudala noRachmaninoff omkhulu, owacula naye ngokuphindaphindiwe kanye ne-orchestra yakhe. U-Ormandy ubengumdlali wokuqala we-Third Symphony ka-Rachmaninov kanye neyakhe i-Symphonic Dances, enikezelwe ngumbhali ku-Philadelphia Orchestra. U-Ormandy wenza ngokuphindaphindiwe nabaculi baseSoviet abavakashela e-United States eminyakeni yamuva - E. Gilels, S. Richter, D. Oistrakh, M. Rostropovich, L. Kogan nabanye. Ngo-1956, u-Ormandy, ophethe i-Philadelphia Orchestra, wavakashela eMoscow, eLeningrad naseKyiv. Ezinhlelweni ezibanzi nezihlukene, ikhono lombhidi lembulwa ngokugcwele. Emchaza, uzakwabo ka-Ormandy waseSoviet u-L. Ginzburg wabhala: “Umculi ohlakaniphile, u-Ormandy uhlaba umxhwele ngamakhono akhe avelele, ikakhulukazi inkumbulo. Izinhlelo ezinhlanu ezinkulu neziyinkimbinkimbi, kuhlanganise nemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yesimanje, wayenza ngekhanda, ebonisa ulwazi lwamahhala nolwazi oluningiliziwe lwamaphuzu. Ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amathathu ehlala eSoviet Union, u-Ormandy ubambe amakhonsathi ayishumi nambili - isibonelo sokuzithiba okungavamile ... U-Ormandy akanalo i-pop charm. Indlela aqhuba ngayo ngokuyinhloko ifana nebhizinisi; cishe akanandaba nohlangothi lwangaphandle, olubukisayo, konke ukunaka kwakhe kudonswa ukuxhumana ne-orchestra nomculo awuculayo. Okudonsa amehlo wubude bohlelo lwakhe ngaphezu kwalokho esikujwayele. Umbhidisi uhlanganisa ngesibindi imisebenzi yezitayela nezinkathi ezahlukene: uBeethoven noShostakovich, uHaydn noProkofiev, uBrahms noDebussy, uR. Strauss noBeethoven…

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969