Amahholo ekhonsathi |

Amahholo ekhonsathi ayindawo ehloselwe ukudlalwa komculo esidlangalaleni. imikhiqizo, ehlonyiswe ngokufanelekile futhi ehlangabezana nezidingo ezithile ze-acoustic. kanye nezidingo zezakhiwo. Isenzeko Ku. - umphumela wemvelo istorich. ukuthuthukiswa komculo. isiko in con. 17 - cela. Ikhulu le-18 Uma esikhathini esidlule izikhungo isp. umculo wawungamasonto, izigodlo, amapherishi. t-ry, i-aristocratic. amasaluni atholakalayo ukuze athulule alinganiselwe. umbuthano wabantu, bese kuthi lapho onxiwankulu bekhula. umphakathi conc. izethameli zaqala ukwanda kakhulu, kwakukhona conc. izinhlangano ezihlele ukudlala okuvamile kwamaqembu nabacula ngabodwana emagcekeni abathengisi. kanye nezinhlangano zemisebenzi yezandla, amahholo amahhotela nezindawo zokudlela, kanye nasemagcekeni emidlalo ye-opera. Eyokuqala ekhethekile K. z. yakhiwa ngo-1690 eLondon ngamakhonsathi weVocal and Instrumental Music Society. Kuyo yonke ikhulu le-18 K. z. kwavela eFrance, eHolland, eJalimane, nakwamanye amazwe amaningana aseYurophu; amafemu, izindlu zokushicilela, amamyuziyamu abambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwawo. mayelana-va nezinye izinhlangano. Ukwakhiwa kwe-K. z. ngekhulu le-19 njengomphumela wenqubo evamile yokwenziwa kwentando yeningi eminyuziyamu. impilo, kanye nokuvela kwama-orchestra amakhulu anomphela. Lokhu kwaholela ekwandeni kobukhulu nomthamo wamahholo (kufika kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-1,5-2). Ithuthukiswe kanyekanye i-architectural and acoustic. izinkambiso ezihambisana nokwakhiwa. inqubo yangaleso sikhathi.

Ekhulwini lama-20 ukwakhiwa okujulile kwe-K. z kuyaqhubeka. Ochwepheshe bayaphakanyiswa. amagumbi amakhonsathi ekamelo ayalungiswa futhi afakwe kabusha ukuze abe amahholo ekhonsathi. izigodlo nezinqaba zasendulo, kwezinye izimo njengo-K. z. amasonto asetshenziswa. isakhiwo. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, i-K.z enkulu iyadalwa. (Izindawo eziyizinkulungwane ezi-3 noma ngaphezulu), lapho kusetshenziswa izimpumelelo zakamuva zama-acoustics. ubuchwepheshe. Ushintsho olusuka kusimo esiyisikwele seziyingi zokuqala ezimfushane luba yisici. kuya kunxande noma okweqanda, nesiteji, esihlukaniswe ngokucacile nezilaleli. imigqa. Emacaleni omnyango, isiteji sisenkabeni yehholo. Osayizi besimanje be-K. z. ahlukile: amahholo ekamelo (izihlalo ezingafika ku-500) ahloselwe u-Ch. ar. okwenziwa ngabacula ngabodwana, kwakusihlwa kwe-sonata kanye ne-instr encane. futhi wok. ama-ensembles; amahholo amakhulu (kusuka ezihlalweni ezingu-500 noma ngaphezulu) - ama-symphonic performances. ama-orchestra, amakhwaya, ingoma kanye ne-choreographic. amaqembu, kanye nabacula yedwa abahamba phambili. Kukhona futhi okuthiwa. amahholo ekhonsathi ehlobo akhiwe endaweni evulekile ngendlela yama-amphitheatre anesiteji "segobolondo" noma enezihlalo zababukeli ngaphansi kophahla olunamaphiko olula. Amahholo afanayo akhiwa bh ezindaweni zokungcebeleka nasezindaweni ezingaphansi kwamadolobha amakhulu. Okuhlukahlukene K.z. babe nazo zonke izikhungo zamasiko zanamuhla zomhlaba. Iningi lamahholo angaphansi kwephilharmonic, umculo. ngawe, ama-conservatories, u-prof. izinhlangano. Ku-zarub engcono kakhulu. K. z. okuka-K.z. I-Society of Friends of Music (Vienna), House of Arts. Smetana (Prague), Ateneum (Bucharest), Bulgaria (Sofia), Festival Hall and Albert Hall (London), Lincoln Center, Carnegie Hall (New York), Concertgebouw (Amsterdam), West Berlin Philharmonic, Gavo, Pleyel (Paris), Concerthuset (Stockholm), njll.

Eyokuqala K.z. wakhonza eRussia ngekhulu le-18. yaseshashalazini. amahholo, amahholo omculo amakilabhu, izikhungo zemfundo (izikhungo Smolny kanye Ekaterininsky, Academy of Arts e St. Petersburg, Moscow University, njll), kusukela ngekhulu le-19. namagceke emihlangano emikhulu yaseSt. Petersburg, eMoscow nakwamanye amadolobha, lapho kwakunikelwa khona amakhonsathi akhokhelwayo njalo. Esitezi sesi-2. Kwakhiwa ama-conservatories amakhulu ekhulwini le-19. Petersburg. kanye noMosk. ama-conservatories, futhi kamuva nenani lezakhiwo ezikhethekile kwamanye amadolobha. Ngemuva kwe-Great Oct. socialist. amavukelambuso e-K.z. izakhiwo zemihlangano ehloniphekile zaguqulwa (K. z. Leningrad. Philharmonic Society, Ihholo Lekholomu leNdlu Yezinyunyana eMoscow, i-NV Lysenko Philharmonic Hall e-Kyiv, njll.). Kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-K. z entsha. uchwepheshe. aphoyintimenti (eYerevan, Tallinn, Minsk, nakwamanye amadolobha) ngaphansi K. z. inqwaba yezakhiwo ezindala ezake zasetshenziselwa ezinye izinjongo ngaphambili zalungiswa (iHholo lase-Engelhardt—kamuva iHholo Elincane elaqanjwa ngo-MI Glinka weLeningrad Philharmonic Society, iHholo Lekhonsathi laseKremlin eGorky, ihholo leDome Cathedral eRiga, nabanye). Uchwepheshe. K. z. zikhona kuzo zonke izihloko ze-Union republic kanye nezikhungo ezinkulu zamasiko. Ngo-60 - ekuseni. 70s umkhuba wokwakha okuthiwa. amahholo ekhonsathi ahlanganisiwe, ahlukaniswa ngokwanda kwawo amandla (abantu aba-3 kuye kwayi-6) futhi aguqulelwe kokubili amakhonsathi neminye imicimbi emikhulu—izingqungquthela, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, nemibukiso yamafilimu (iKremlin Palace of Congresses eMoscow, amahholo esinema namakhonsathi) Oktyabrsky ” eLeningrad, “Okthoba” eMoscow, “Ukraine” eKharkov, njll.). Okukhulu K.z. zakhiwa emahhotela amakhulu ("Soviet" eMoscow, njll.). K. z. e-USSR banama-uch amaningi. izikhungo, amabhizinisi, imiphakathi. izinhlangano (kuhlanganise ne-All-Union House of Composers eMoscow), izigodlo zabasebenzi, zasemakhaya nabafundi nezindlu zamasiko, namakilabhu. K. z. zohlobo lwasehlobo zakhiwa emadolobheni okungcebeleka kuwo iSochi, Jurmala, Palanga, namanye. e-USSR: AmaHholo Amakhulu Namancane aseMoscow. i-conservatory them. U-PI Tchaikovsky, Ihholo Lekholomu YeNdlu Yezinyunyana, Ihholo Lekhonsathi eliqanjwe ngo-PI Tchaikovsky, Ihholo Lekhonsathi Yesifunda "Russia" eMoscow, AmaHholo Amakhulu namancane aseLeningrad. i-conservatory them. NA Rimsky-Korsakov, Ihholo Elincane. MI Glinka Leningrad. I-Philharmonic, K. z. I-Azerbaijan Conservatory (Baku), K. z. “Estonia” (Estonian State Philharmonic in Tallinn), K. z. I-Georgian State Philharmonic e-Tbilisi, K. z. umphakathi we-philharmonic e-Kazan, K. z. umculo we-organ nowegumbi e-Kutaisi, K. z. t-ra “Vanemuine” e-Tartu, K. z. Isigodlo Samasiko “Ukraine” e-Kyiv, K. z. Isigodlo kubo. VI Lenin e-Alma-Ata nabanye.

References: Semenova IN, Stupel AM, Ihholo Elincane eliqanjwe ngo-MI Glinka; I-Andronikov IL, Ihholo Elikhulu le-Philharmonic ingenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni, kokubili eqoqweni: Isifunda saseLeningrad. I-Order of the Red Banner of Labor Philharmonic, M., 1972; I-Moscow Philharmonic (ehlanganiswe nguL. Grigoriev, J. Platek), M., 1973, p. 219-22.

MM Yakovlev