UMaxim Sozontovich Berezovsky |

UMaxim Berezovsky

Ubuciko bomqambi ovelele waseRussia wengxenye yesibili yekhulu lesi-XNUMX. U-M. Berezovsky, kanye nomsebenzi wesikhathi sakhe esidumile u-D. Bortnyansky, kwaphawula ukuqala kwesiteji esisha, se-classicist kwezobuciko bomculo baseRussia.

Umqambi wazalelwa endaweni Chernihiv. Kusolakala ukuthi wathola imfundo yakhe yokuqala yomculo eGlukhov Music School, edume ngamasiko ayo okucula, wabe eseqhubeka nayo eKyiv Theological Academy. Lapho ifika eSt. Petersburg (1758), le nsizwa, ngenxa yezwi layo elihle, yabelwa izisebenzi zabaculi bendlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi, uPeter Fedorovich, lapho yaqala khona ukuthola izifundo zokuqamba ezivela kuF. Zoppis kanye nokucula. kusuka kuthisha waseNtaliyane uNunziani. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1750-60s. U-Berezovsky wayesevele enze indima ebalulekile kuma-opera ka-F. Araya no-V. Manfredini, ayenziwa enkundleni yenkantolo, eqhudelana ngamakhono nobuhle nabahlabeleli abahamba phambili base-Italy. Ngemva kokuketulwa kwesigodlo ngo-1762, uBerezovsky, njengabanye abaculi abavela esifundazweni sikaPeter III, wadluliselwa nguCatherine II eqenjini lase-Italy. Ngo-Okthoba 1763, umqambi washada noFranziska Iberscher, umdansi weqembu. Ekhuluma ngezingxenye eziyedwa emdlalweni we-opera, u-Berezovsky wabuye wacula ekwaya yeNkantolo, okwaholela ekuthakaseleni komqambi ezinhlotsheni zamakhwaya. Ngokusho komlobi wokuphila kwabantu uP. Vorotnikov, amakhonsathi akhe okuqala angokomoya ("Woza futhi ubone", "Zonke izilimi", "Sidumisa uNkulunkulu kuwe", "UJehova uyabusa", "Dumisani uJehova ezulwini") wabonisa okuyingqayizivele. ithalente nolwazi oluhle lwemithetho yokuphikisa nokuvumelana. Ngo-May 1769, uBerezovsky wathunyelwa e-Italy ukuze athuthukise amakhono akhe ochwepheshe. E-Academy edumile yase-Bologna, ngokusho kwenganekwane, wafunda ngaphansi kokuqondisa komfundisi nomfundisi ovelele uPadre Martini.

Ngo-May 15, 1771, ngemva kwesikhashana kune-WA Mozart, ephumelele ukuhlolwa kanye nomqambi waseCzech u-I. Myslivechek, u-Berezovsky wamukelwa njengelungu le-Academy. Ngo-1773, ethunywe i-Livorno, wadala i-opera yakhe yokuqala futhi cishe okuwukuphela kwayo, i-Demofont, impumelelo eyaphawulwa ephephandabeni lase-Livorno: "Phakathi kwemidlalo ekhonjiswe ngesikhathi somkhosi wokugcina, kufanele kuphawulwe enkonzweni yoBukhulu Bakhe. i-Empress of All Russia, umsayini uMaxim Berezovsky, ohlanganisa ukuphila nokunambitheka okuhle nolwazi lomculo. I-opera ethi "Demofont" yafingqa inkathi "yesiNtaliyane" yempilo kaBerezovsky - ngo-Okthoba 19, 1773, wayishiya i-Italy.

Ebuyela eRussia ekuqaleni kwamandla akhe okudala, u-Berezovsky akazange ahlangabezane nesimo sengqondo esifanele ngethalenta lakhe enkantolo. Uma sibheka imibhalo egciniwe, umqambi akakaze aqokwe enkonzweni ehambisana nesihloko selungu le-Bologna Academy. Ngemva kokusondelana noG. Potemkin, uBerezovsky isikhathi esithile ubalwa esikhundleni se-Musical Academy ehlongozwayo eningizimu yezwe (ngaphandle kukaBerezovsky, isikhulu sasizoheha uJ. Sarti kanye no-I. Khandoshkin). Kodwa iphrojekthi ye-Potemkin ayizange isetshenziswe, futhi uBerezovsky waqhubeka nokusebenza endlini yesonto njengesisebenzi esivamile. Ukuphelelwa ithemba kwesimo, isizungu somuntu siqu somqambi eminyakeni yamuva kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi, ngokugula ngomkhuhlane ngo-March 1777, u-Berezovsky wazibulala kwenye yokuhlaselwa kwalesi sifo.

Isiphetho sefa lomqambi siyamangalisa: iningi lemisebenzi eyenziwa phakathi nekhulu lesi-4 lahlala libhalwe ngesandla isikhathi eside futhi lagcinwa eNkantolo YaseNkantolo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lethu leminyaka, zazilahlekile ngendlela engenakulungiseka. Emisebenzini yezinsimbi ye-Berezovsky, i-sonata eyodwa ye-violin ne-cembalo ku-C enkulu iyaziwa. Isikolo se-opera ethi "Demofont", edlalwa e-Italy, silahlekile: kusele ama-arias angu-1818 kuphela kuze kube namuhla. Phakathi kwezingoma eziningi ezingokomoya, yi-Liturgy kuphela namakhonsathi angokomoya ambalwa alondoloziwe. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ethi, The Lord Reign, okuyisibonelo sakuqala somjikelezo wamakhwaya asendulo eRussia, nethi Unganginqabeli Ebudaleni, okwaba umvuthwandaba wengoma yomqambi. Le khonsathi, uma iqhathaniswa neminye imisebenzi yeminyaka yamuva, inesiphetho esijabulisayo. Ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, yanda futhi yanyatheliswa kabili engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-1841. (XNUMX, XNUMX).

Ithonya lomculo, amasu we-polyphonic, ukuvumelana kanye nesakhiwo esingokomfanekiso sekhonsathi singalandelwa emsebenzini wabantu abancane besikhathi sikaBerezovsky - uBortnyansky, S. Degtyarev, A. Vedel. Njengoba iwubuciko beqiniso bobuciko bomculo, ikhonsathi ethi “Unganqabi” iphawula ukuqala kwesiteji sakudala ekuthuthukisweni kokuqanjwa kwamakwaya asekhaya.

Ngisho namasampula ngamanye omsebenzi kaBerezovsky asivumela ukuba sikhulume ngobubanzi bezithakazelo zohlobo lomqambi, mayelana nenhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo emculweni wakhe womculo wesizwe onamasu e-pan-European kanye nezinhlobo zentuthuko.

A. Lebedeva