UKonstantin Nikolaevich Igumnov (Konstantin Igumnov) |

Konstantin Igumnov

"U-Igumnov wayeyindoda engavamile, elula futhi ehloniphekile. Alukho udumo nenkazimulo okwakunganyakazisa isizotha sakhe esijule kakhulu. Besingekho isithunzi salokho kuyena, okuke kuhluphe amaciko. Lokhu kumayelana no-Igumnov indoda. "Umculi oqotho futhi oneqiniso, u-Igumnov wayengaziwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuthinta, ukuma, isicwebezelisi sangaphandle. Ngenxa yomphumela omibalabala, ngenxa yokukhanya okukha phezulu, akazange adele incazelo yobuciko ... U-Igumnov akazange abekezelele noma yini eyeqisayo, enokhahlo, eyeqisayo. Indlela yakhe yokudlala ibilula futhi imfushane.” Lokhu kumayelana no-Igumnov umculi.

“Eqinile futhi ezifunela yena, u-Igumnov ubefuna nakubafundi bakhe. Ehlakaniphile ekuhloleni amandla namakhono abo, wayehlala efundisa iqiniso lobuciko, ubulula kanye nemvelo yokukhuluma. Ufundise isizotha, ukulingana nomnotho ngezindlela ezisetshenziswa. Wafundisa ukuvezwa kwenkulumo, umculo omnandi, umsindo othambile, ipulasitiki kanye nokukhululeka kwemisho. Wafundisa “ukuphefumula ophilayo” kokusebenza komculo. Lokhu kumayelana no-Igumnov uthisha.

"Eqinisweni futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, imibono ka-Igumnov nezimiso zobuhle zahlala, ngokusobala, zizinzile ... Uzwela lwakhe njengengcweti nothisha kade lwaba ngasohlangothini lomculo ocacile, onengqondo, ongokoqobo ngokwesisekelo sawo (akazange abone. omunye), umhumushi wakhe womculi “we-credo” ubelokhu eziveza ngezimfanelo ezinjengokushesha kokwenziwa komfanekiso wesithombe, ukungena kanye nobuqili besipiliyoni senkondlo. Lokhu kumayelana nezimiso zobuciko ze-Igumnov. Lezi zitatimende ezingenhla zingabafundi bothisha ovelele - J. Milshtein noJ. Flier, ababemazi kahle uKonstantin Nikolayevich iminyaka eminingi. Uma uziqhathanisa, umuntu ufika ngokuzenzakalelayo esiphethweni mayelana nobuqotho obumangalisayo bemvelo yomuntu nobuciko buka-Igumnov. Kukho konke wahlala ethembekile kuye, engumuntu kanye nomdwebi ojulile.

Wathatha amasiko angcono kakhulu ezikole zaseRussia ezidlala nokuqamba. EMoscow Conservatory, lapho athweswa khona iziqu ngo-1894, u-Igumnov wafunda upiyano kuqala nge-AI Siloti kwase kuba nge-PA Pabst. Lapha wafunda ithiyori yomculo nokubunjwa no-SI Taneyev, AS Arensky kanye no-MM Ippolitov-Ivanov kanye neqembu elihlangene no-VI Safonov. Ngesikhathi esifanayo (1892-1895) wafunda e-Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University. Muscovites wahlangana nomdlali wopiyano Igumnov emuva ngo-1895, futhi ngokushesha wathatha indawo evelele phakathi abadlali ekhonsathini Russian. Eminyakeni yakhe ewohlokayo, u-Igumnov wadweba uhlelo olulandelayo lokuthuthuka kwakhe kopiyano: “Indlela yami yokwenza iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyahlukumeza. Ngiyihlukanisa ngezinkathi ezilandelayo: 1895-1908 - isikhathi semfundo; 1908-1917 - isikhathi sokuzalwa kokusesha ngaphansi kwethonya labaculi nabalobi (Serov, Somov, Bryusov, njll); 1917-1930 - isikhathi sokuhlolwa kabusha kwawo wonke amanani; uthando lombala olulimaza iphethini yesigqi, ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-rubato; Iminyaka ka-1930-1940 ingukwakheka kancane kancane kwemibono yami yamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngazibona ngokugcwele futhi “ngazithola” kuphela ngemva kweMpi Enkulu Yokushisekela Izwe”… Kodwa-ke, noma singabheka imiphumela yalokhu “kuhlolisisa”, kusobala ukuthi izici ezichazayo zazikhona kumdlalo ka-Igumnov kuwo wonke. "metamorphoses" yangaphakathi. Lokhu kuyasebenza nasezimisweni zokuhumusha kanye nokuthambekela kwe-repertoire yomdwebi.

Bonke ochwepheshe baphawula ngazwi linye isimo sengqondo esikhethekile sika-Igumnov ensimbini, ikhono lakhe elingavamile lokukhuluma nabantu ngosizo lwepiyano. Ngo-1933, owayengumqondisi we-Moscow Conservatory, uB. Pshibyshevsky, wabhala ephephandabeni iSoviet Art: “Njengomdlali wopiyano, u-Igumnov uyisenzakalo esingavamile neze. Yiqiniso, akayena owomndeni wabangcweti bopiyano, abahlukaniswa ngamasu abo ahlakaniphile, umsindo onamandla, nokutolika insimbi yezinsimbi ngezinsimbi. U-Igumnov ungowabadlali bopiyano abafana ne-Field, u-Chopin, okungukuthi ongcweti abasondele kakhulu kulokho okucacisiwe kwepiyano, akazange abheke imiphumela ye-orchestra edalwe ngokuzenzakalelayo kuyo, kodwa ekhishwe kuyo ukuthi yini okunzima kakhulu ukuyikhipha ngaphansi kokuqina kwangaphandle. umsindo - okumnandi. Upiyano luka-Igumnov luyacula, njengoba kuyaqabukela phakathi kwabadlali bopiyano abakhulu besimanje. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, u-A. Alschwang ujoyina lo mbono: “Wazuza ukuduma ngenxa yobuqotho obumangalisayo bokudlala kwakhe, ukuxhumana bukhoma nezithameli kanye nokuchazwa okuhle kakhulu kwezakudala ... Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsindo we-Igumnov ubonakala ngokuthambile, ukusondelana nomculo wenkulumo. Ukuhumusha kwakhe kuhlukaniswa ngokuphila, ukusha kwemibala. UProfesa J. Milshtein, owaqala njengomsizi ka-Igumnov futhi wenza okuningi ukuze atadishe ifa likathisha wakhe, waveza ngokuphindaphindiwe lezi zici ezifanayo: “Bambalwa ababengaqhudelana no-Igumnov ngobuhle bomsindo, owawuhlukaniswa ngokunotha okungavamile. umbala kanye melodiousness emangalisayo. Ngaphansi kwezandla zakhe, upiyano wathola izici zezwi lomuntu. Ngenxa yokuthintwa okuthile okukhethekile, njengokungathi ukuhlanganisa nekhibhodi (ngokwakho ukuvuma, umgomo wokuhlanganisa wawusenhliziyweni yokuthinta kwakhe), futhi ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-pedal ecashile, ehlukahlukene, eshukumisayo, wakhipha umsindo. of charm ezingavamile. Ngisho nangegalelo elinamandla, isidumbu sakhe asizange silahlekelwe ubuhle baso: sasihlala sihloniphekile. U-Igumnov wakhetha ukudlala ngokuthula, kodwa hhayi kuphela "ukumemeza", hhayi ukuphoqa umsindo wepiyano, hhayi ukweqa imingcele yayo yemvelo.

U-Igumnov wafinyelela kanjani izambulo zakhe zobuciko ezimangalisayo? Akaholelwanga kubo hhayi kuphela nge-intuition yobuciko bemvelo. Enganyakazi ngokwemvelo, wake wavula “umnyango” welabhorethri yakhe yokudala: “Ngicabanga ukuthi noma yikuphi ukudlala komculo kuyinkulumo ephilayo, indaba ehambisanayo ... Kodwa ukuxoxa nje akwanele. Kudingeka ukuthi indaba ibe nokuqukethwe okuthile futhi umdlali ahlale enento ezomsondeza kulokhu okuqukethwe. Futhi lapha angikwazi ukucabanga ngokudlala komculo ku-abstract: Ngihlala ngifuna ukuphendukela kwezinye izifaniso zansuku zonke. Ngamafuphi, ngidweba okuqukethwe kwendaba kusuka emibonweni yomuntu siqu, noma emvelweni, noma ebucikweni, noma emibonweni ethile, noma enkathini ethile yomlando. Kimina, akungabazeki ukuthi kuwo wonke umsebenzi obalulekile kufunwa okuthile okuxhumanisa umenzi nempilo yangempela. Angikwazi ukuwucabanga umculo ngenxa yomculo, ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu… Kungakho kudingekile ukuthi umsebenzi owenziwayo uthole impendulo ethile kubuntu bomculi, ukuze usondele kuye. Yebo, ungaphinda uzalwe, kodwa kufanele kuhlale kukhona imicu yomuntu siqu exhumayo. Ngeke kushiwo ukuthi ngalucabanga ngempela uhlelo lomsebenzi. Cha, engikucabangayo akulona uhlelo. Lena eminye imizwa, imicabango, iziqhathaniso ezisiza ukuvusa imizwa efana naleyo engifuna ukuyiveza ekusebenzeni kwami. Lokhu, njengokungathi, uhlobo “lwemibono esebenzayo”, olusiza ukuqondwa komqondo wobuciko.

Ngo-December 3, 1947, u-Igumnov wagibela esiteji seHholo Elikhulu laseMoscow Conservatory okokugcina. Uhlelo lwalobu kusihlwa lwaluhlanganisa i-Seventh Sonata ka-Beethoven, i-Sonata kaTchaikovsky, i-B Minor Sonata ka-Chopin, i-Lyadov's Variations on a Theme ka-Glinka, umdlalo ka-Tchaikovsky othi Passionate Confession, ongaziwa emphakathini jikelele. I-Impromptu ka-Rubinstein, i-A Musical Moment ka-Schubert ku-C-sharp minor kanye ne-Tchaikovsky-Pabst's Lullaby yenzelwa i-encore. Lolu hlelo lokuvalelisa beluhlanganisa namagama alabo abaqambi umculo wabo ohlale usondelene nomshayi wopiyano. “Uma usabheka ukuthi yini eyinhloko, eqhubekayo esithombeni sika-Igumnov,” kuphawula u-K. Grimikh ngo-1933, “khona-ke okugqama kakhulu imicu eminingi exhumanisa umsebenzi wakhe namakhasi othando obuciko bepiyano … Lapha – hhayi U-Bach, hhayi e-Mozart, hhayi e-Prokofiev, hhayi e-Hindemith, kodwa e-Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Brahms, Chopin, Liszt, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff - ubuhle bokusebenza kuka-Igumnov bembulwa ngokugculisayo: ubuciko obuvinjelwe futhi obuhlaba umxhwele, umsindo, ukuzimela kanye nokusha kokuhumusha.

Ngempela, u-Igumnov wayengeyena, njengoba besho, umculi we-omnivorous. Wahlala ethembekile kuye: “Uma umqambi engowezinye izizwe kimi futhi izingoma zakhe zinganginiki ubuciko bokudlala, angikwazi ukumfaka ohlwini lwami lomculo (ngokwesibonelo, izingoma zopiyano zikaBalakirev, abaculi bama-French impressionists, uScriabin ongasekho, abanye. izingcezu zabaqambi baseSoviet). Futhi lapha kuyadingeka ukugqamisa isikhalazo esingapheli somdlali wepiyano kuma-classical upiyano aseRussia, futhi, okokuqala, emsebenzini kaTchaikovsky. Kungashiwo ukuthi kwakungu-Igumnov owavuselela imisebenzi eminingi yomqambi omkhulu waseRussia esiteji sekhonsathi.

Wonke umuntu oye walalela u-Igumnov uzovumelana namazwi ashisekayo kaJ. Milstein: “Akukho ndawo, ngisho naseChopin, Schumann, Liszt, ekhethekile ka-Igumnov, egcwele ubulula, izikhulu nesizotha esimsulwa, evezwa ngempumelelo njengasemisebenzini kaTchaikovsky. . Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ukuthi ubuqili bokusebenza bungalethwa ezingeni eliphakeme lokuphelela. Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ukushelela okukhulu nokucabangela kokuthululwa komculo, ubuqiniso obukhulu nobuqotho bemizwa. Ukusebenza kuka-Igumnov kwale misebenzi kuhlukile kwezinye, njengoba i-extract ihluke engxubeni ehlanjululwe. Ngempela, konke okukuyo kuyamangalisa: yonke i-nuance lapha iyisibonelo, yonke i-stroke iyinto yokuncoma. Ukuhlola umsebenzi we-pedagogical ka-Igumnov, kwanele ukubiza abanye babafundi: N. Orlov, I. Dobrovein, L. Oborin, J. Flier, A. Dyakov, M. Grinberg, I. Mikhnevsky, A. Ioheles, A. no-M. Gottlieb, O. Boshnyakovich, N. Shtarkman. Bonke laba abadlali bopiyano bamakhonsathi asebethole ukuthandwa okubanzi. Waqala ukufundisa ngemva nje kokuphothula e-conservatory, isikhathi esithile enguthisha esikoleni somculo eTbilisi (1898-1899), futhi kusukela ngo-1899 waba uprofesa eMoscow Conservatory; ngo-1924-1929 wayebuye abe umqondisi wayo. Ekukhulumisaneni kwakhe nabafundi bakhe, u-Igumnov wayekude nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenkolelo-ze, zonke izifundo zakhe ziyinqubo ephilayo yokudala, ukutholakala kwengcebo engapheli yomculo. Uthi: “Imfundiso yami yokufundisa ihlobene eduze nokusebenza kwami, futhi lokhu kubangela ukuntuleka kokuzinza ezimweni zami zokufundisa.” Mhlawumbe lokhu kuchaza ukungafani okumangalisayo, ngezinye izikhathi ukuphikiswa okuphambene kwabafundi baka-Igumnov. Kodwa, mhlawumbe, bonke bahlanganiswe nesimo sengqondo sokuhlonipha umculo, esizuzwe kuthisha. Evalelisa uthisha wakhe ngosuku oludabukisayo lwe-requiem. J. Flier wawuveza kahle “umbhalo ongaphansi” oyinhloko wemibono ka-Igumnov yokufundisa: “UKonstantin Nikolaevich wayengathethelela umfundi ngamaphuzu angamanga, kodwa akazange athethelele futhi engakwazi ukumelana nemizwa engamanga.”

… Ekhuluma ngomunye wemihlangano yakhe yokugcina no-Igumnov, umfundi wakhe uProfessor K. Adzhemov wakhumbula: “Ngalolo suku kusihlwa kwabonakala kimi ukuthi i-KN yayingaphilile neze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthe odokotela abamvumeli ukuthi adlale. “Kodwa iyini injongo yokuphila kwami? Dlala…”

Lit.: Rabinovich D. Izithombe zabashayi bopiyano. M., 1970; UMilshtein I, uKonstantin Nikolaevich Igumnov. M., 1975.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.