Luciano Berio |

Luciano Berio

Umqambi wase-Italy, umqhubi nothisha. Kanye noBoulez noStockhausen, ungowabaqambi ababaluleke kakhulu be-avant-garde besizukulwane sangemva kwempi.

Wazalelwa ngo-1925 emndenini wabaculi edolobheni lase-Imperia (isifunda saseLiguria). Ngemva kwempi, wafunda ukuqamba eMilan Conservatory noGiulio Cesare Paribeni noGiorgio Federico Ghedini, futhi eqhuba noCarlo Maria Giulini. Ngenkathi esebenza njengomdlali wopiyano-ohambisana namakilasi ephimbo, wahlangana noKatie Berberian, umculi waseMelika odabuka e-Armenia onezinhlobonhlobo zezwi ezibanzi ngendlela engavamile, owazi kahle izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokucula. Waba unkosikazi wokuqala womqambi, izwi lakhe eliyingqayizivele lamkhuthaza ekusesheni ngesibindi emculweni wephimbo. Ngo-1951 wavakashela e-USA, lapho afunda khona e-Tanglewood Music Centre no-Luigi Dallapiccola, owavusa isithakazelo sika-Berio e-New Vienna School kanye ne-dodecaphony. Ngo-1954-59. waya ezifundweni zaseDarmstadt, lapho ahlangana khona noBoulez, Stockhausen, Kagel, Ligeti nabanye abaqambi bentsha yase-Europe avant-garde. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, wasuka kude ne-Darmstadt technocracy; umsebenzi wakhe waqala ukuthuthuka ekuqondeni kwethiyetha yokuhlola, i-neo-folklorism, ithonya le-surrealism, i-absurdism kanye ne-structuralism yaqala ukwanda kuyo - ikakhulukazi, ababhali nabacabangi abanjengoJames Joyce, uSamuel Beckett, uClaude Levi-Strauss, u-Umberto. I-Eco. Ukuthatha umculo we-elekthronikhi, ku-1955 uBerio wasungula i-Studio of Musical Phonology eMilan, lapho wamema abaqambi abadumile, ikakhulukazi, uJohn Cage noHenri Pousseur. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waqala ukushicilela umagazini mayelana nomculo we-elekthronikhi obizwa ngokuthi "Imihlangano Yomculo" (I-Incontri Musicali).

Ngo-1960 waphinde walibhekisa e-USA, lapho aqala khona ukuba “ngumqambi endaweni yokuhlala” eTanglewood ngesikhathi esifanayo wafundisa eDartington International Summer School (1960-62), wabe esefundisa eMills College e-Oakland, eCalifornia (1962). -65), nangemva kwalokhu - eJuilliard School eNew York (1965-72), lapho asungula khona iJuilliard Ensemble (Juilliard Ensemble) yomculo wesimanje. Ngo-1968, i-Symphony ka-Berio yaqala ukuboniswa eNew York ngempumelelo enkulu. Ngo-1974-80 waqondisa umnyango womculo we-electro-acoustic eParis Institute for Research and Coordination of Acoustics and Music (IRCAM), eyasungulwa nguBoulez. Ngo-1987 wasungula isikhungo somculo esifanayo eFlorence esibizwa ngeReal Time (Tempo Reale). Ngo-1993-94 wanikeza uchungechunge lwezinkulumo e-Harvard University, futhi ngo-1994-2000 "wayengumqambi ohlonishwayo endaweni" yale nyuvesi. Ngo-2000, u-Berio waba nguMongameli kanye noNsumpa weNational Academy yaseSanta Cecilia eRoma. Kuleli dolobha, umqambi washona ngo-2003.

Umculo kaBerio ubonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwamasu axubile, okuhlanganisa kokubili izakhi ze-atonal neotonal, amasu okucaphuna kanye namakholaji. Uhlanganise imisindo yezinsimbi nomsindo we-elekthronikhi nomsindo wenkulumo yomuntu, ngeminyaka yawo-1960 walwela indawo yaseshashalazini yokuhlola. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphansi kwethonya Levi-Strauss, waphendukela inganekwane: umphumela lokhu wokuzilibazisa kwaba "Folk Songs" (1964), ebhalelwe Berberyan. Uhlobo oluhlukile olubalulekile emsebenzini we-Berio kwakuwuchungechunge lwe- "Sequences" (Sequenza), ngayinye eyayibhalelwe insimbi eyodwa (noma izwi - njenge-Sequenza III, eyakhiwe i-Berberian). Kuzo, umqambi uhlanganisa imibono emisha yokuqamba nezindlela ezintsha zokudlala ezinwetshiwe kulezi zinsimbi. Njengoba i-Stockhausen idale "amakhibhodi" akhe impilo yakhe yonke, ngakho u-Berio wadala imisebenzi ye-1958 kulolu hlobo kusukela ngo-2002 kuya ku-14, ebonisa imininingwane yazo zonke izinkathi zakhe zokudala.

Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970, isitayela sikaBerio besilokhu sishintsha: izici zokuzindla kanye ne-nostalgia ziya ngokuya zikhula emculweni wakhe. Kamuva, umqambi wazinikela ku-opera. Okubaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe ukuhlelwa ngabanye abaqambi - noma izingoma lapho engena khona engxoxweni nezinto zomculo zabanye abantu. U-Berio ungumbhali wama-orchestrations nokulotshiwe kukaMonteverdi, uBoccherini, uManuel de Falla, uKurt Weill. Uphethe izinguqulo eziqediwe zama-opera ka-Mozart (Zaida) kanye nekaPuccini (Turandot), kanye nokwakheka “kwenkhulumomphendvulwano” okusekelwe ezingxenyeni ze-symphony eqalwe kodwa engaqediwe ka-Schubert ku-D enkulu (DV 936A) enesihloko esithi “Nciphisa” (Rendering, 1990).

Ngo-1966 wanikezwa uMklomelo wase-Italy, kamuva - i-Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. Ubeyilungu elihloniphekile leRoyal Academy of Music (London, 1988), ilungu elihlonishwayo lakwamanye amazwe le-American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1994), owazuza umklomelo we-Ernst von Siemens Music Prize (1989).

Umthombo: meloman.ru