Arthur Nikisch |

Arthur Nikisch

Ngo-1866-1873 wafunda e-conservatory eVienna, amakilasi ka-J. Hellmesberger Sr. (i-violin) kanye no-FO Dessof (ukwakheka). Ngo-1874-77 umdlali wevayolini we-orchestra yasenkantolo yaseVienna; bahlanganyele ezenzweni nasemakhonsathini ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-I. Brahms, F. Liszt, J. Verdi, R. Wagner. Kusukela ngo-1878 waba umqhubi wesibili nomqondisi wekwaya, ngo-1882-89 waba umqhubi oyinhloko we-opera house eLeipzig.

Waqondisa ama-orchestra amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni - iBoston Symphony (1889-1893), iLeipzig Gewandhaus (1895-1922; wayiguqula yaba enye yezinsimbi ezihamba phambili) futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo iBerlin Philharmonic, avakashela ngayo kakhulu. , kuhlanganise ngokuphindaphindiwe eSt. Petersburg naseMoscow ( ngokokuqala ngqá ngo-1899). Wayengumqondisi nombhidisi oyinhloko we-opera house eBudapest (1893-95). Uhole i-Hamburg Philharmonic Orchestra (1897). Ngo-1902-07 wayeyinhloko yomnyango wokufundisa kanye nekilasi eliphethe le-Leipzig Conservatory. Phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kukhona u-KS Saradzhev no-AB Hessin, kamuva owaba ngabaqhubi abaziwayo baseSoviet. Ngo-1905-06 wayengumqondisi we-opera House eLeipzig. Wahambela ama-orchestra amaningi, kuhlanganise neLondon Symphony (1912) eNtshonalanga Yurophu, eNyakatho. futhi yuz. eMelika.

U-Nikish ungomunye wabaqhubi abakhulu basekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, umculi ojulile nophefumulelwe, ummeleli ovelele wenkambiso yothando kwezobuciko obudlalwayo. Ngaphandle kokuzithiba, nokunyakaza kwepulasitiki okuzolile, u-Nikish wayenomoya omuhle, ikhono elimangalisayo lokudonsa i-orchestra nabalaleli. Uthole imithunzi ehlukile yomsindo - kusukela kupiyanissimo ehamba phambili kuya emandleni amakhulu e-fortissimo. Ukusebenza kwakhe kubonakala ngenkululeko enkulu (tempo rubato) futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuqina, ukuhlonishwa kwesitayela, ukuqedela ngokucophelela imininingwane. Wayengomunye wongcweti bokuqala ukufundisa ngekhanda. Wadlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni umsebenzi we-PI Tchaikovsky (ikakhulukazi eduze kwakhe) hhayi kuphela eNtshonalanga Yurophu nase-USA, kodwa naseRussia.

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi eyenziwa uNikish kukhona imisebenzi ka-A. Bruckner, G. Mahler, M. Reger, R. Strauss; wenza imisebenzi ka-R. Schumann, F. Liszt, R. Wagner, I. Brahms, kanye no-L. Beethoven, umculo wabo awuhumushe ngesitayela sothando (okurekhodiwe kwe-symphony yesi-5 kulondoloziwe).

Umbhali we-cantata, imisebenzi ye-orchestra, i-string quartet, i-sonata ye-violin nepiyano.

Indodana kaNikish Mitya Nikish (1899-1936) - umdlali wopiyano, wavakashela amadolobha aseNingizimu Melika (1921) naseNew York (1923).

G. Yebo. U-Yudin