I-Banjo – insimbi yomculo enezintambo

I-Banjo - insimbi yomculo manje isinemfashini kakhulu futhi idingeka kakhulu, bekunzima kakhulu ukuyithenga ngaphandle kwase-US, kodwa manje isitholakala kuzo zonke izitolo zomculo. Mhlawumbe, iphuzu lisesimweni esimnandi, ukudlala kalula kanye nomsindo onokuthula onokuthula. Abathandi bomculo abaningi babona izithixo zabo kumamuvi edlala i-banjo futhi bafuna ukubamba le nto emangalisayo.

Eqinisweni, i-banjo iwuhlobo lwe isiginci enebhodi lomsindo elingajwayelekile - iyiresonator eyelulelwe phezu komzimba, njengekhanda lesigubhu. Ngokuvamile insimbi ihlotshaniswa nomculo wesi-Irish, noblues, nezingoma zendabuko, njll. - ububanzi bukhula njalo, ngenxa yokukhula kokusabalala kwe-banjo.

Insimbi yomdabu yaseMelika

Kukholakala ukuthi lalingasekho ithuluzi elibalulekile lomculo wesintu wase-Afrika ekhulwini le-19; ngenxa yobulula bayo, yabonakala ngisho nasemindenini empofu kakhulu futhi abaningi abamnyama baseMelika bazama ukuyilawula.

I-tandem enjalo iyathakazelisa:

I-violin kanye ne-banjo, abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi le nhlanganisela ingeyakudala yomculo waseMelika "wasekuqaleni". Kunezinketho ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ngokuvamile ungathola i-banjo enezintambo ezingu-6, ngoba kulula ukuyidlala ngemva kwesiginci, kodwa kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinenani elincishisiwe noma eliphambene nenani lezintambo.

Umlando we-Banjo

I-banjo yalethwa emazweni aseMelika ngamatilosi avela eNtshonalanga Afrika cishe ngo-1600. I-mandolin ingabhekwa njengesihlobo se-banjo, nakuba abacwaningi bazokunikeza amathuluzi ahlukene angaba ngu-60 afana ne-banjo futhi angase abe amanduleli ayo.

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwe-banjo kutholakala udokotela waseNgilandi u-Hans Sloan ngo-1687. Wabona insimbi e-Jamaica evela ezigqileni zase-Afrika. Izinsimbi zabo zazenziwa ngamakhaba omisiwe ambozwe ngesikhumba.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 e-United States, i-banjo yaqhudelana ngokujulile ekuthandeni i-violin emculweni wase-Afrika yaseMelika, yabe isidonsa ukunaka kwabaculi abamhlophe abaqeqeshiwe, kuhlanganise noJoel Walker Sweeney, owadumaza i-banjo futhi wayiletha. isiteji ngawo-1830. I-banjo iphinde ikweleta ukuguqulwa kwayo kwangaphandle ku-D. Sweeney: washintsha umzimba wethanga wafaka umzimba wesigubhu, wahlukanisa intamo yentamo ngama-frets futhi washiya izintambo ezinhlanu: ezine ezinde neyodwa emfushane.

Inani eliphakeme lokuduma kwe-banjo liwela engxenyeni yesibili kuya ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, lapho i-banjo ingatholakala ezindaweni zamakhonsathi naphakathi kwabathandi bomculo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibhukwana lokuqala lokuzifundisa lokudlala i-banjo lanyatheliswa, imincintiswano yokusebenza yabanjwa, ama-workshops okuqala okwenza izinsimbi zavulwa, izintambo zamathumbu zathathelwa indawo yizinsimbi, abakhiqizi bazama ukubunjwa nobukhulu.

Abaculi abangochwepheshe baqala ukwenza esiteji imisebenzi yakudala efana noBeethoven noRossini, ehlelwe ku-banjo. Futhi, i-banjo izibonakalise ngezitayela zomculo ezifana ne-ragtime, i-jazz ne-blues. Futhi nakuba ngawo-1930 i-banjo yathathelwa indawo iziginci zikagesi ezinomsindo ogqamile, ngeminyaka yawo-40 i-banjo yaphinde yaziphindiselela futhi yabuyela endaweni yesigameko.

Njengamanje, i-banjo ithandwa ngabaculi emhlabeni wonke, izwakala ngezitayela ezahlukene zomculo. Iphimbo elijabulisayo nelinomsindo wensimbi licula kahle futhi liyakha.

Izici zokudizayina

Idizayini ye-banjo ingumzimba oyindilinga we-acoustic kanye nohlobo lwe-fretboard. Umzimba ufana nesigubhu, lapho ulwelwesi lunwetshwa ngendandatho yensimbi nezikulufu. Ulwelwesi lungenziwa ngepulasitiki noma ngesikhumba. Amapulastiki avame ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwe-sputtering noma obala (okuncane kakhulu nokugqama kakhulu). Ububanzi bekhanda obujwayelekile be-banjo yesimanje bungamayintshi angu-11.

Ingxenye yomzimba ye-resonator ekhishwayo inobubanzi obuthe ukukhudlwana kunolwelwesi. Igobolondo lomzimba ngokuvamile lenziwa ngokhuni noma ngensimbi, futhi ucezu olungemuva lunamathele kulo.

I-hyphae ixhunywe emzimbeni ngosizo lwenduku yehange, lapho izintambo zidonswa khona ngosizo lwezikhonkwane. Isitendi sokhuni sitholakala ngokukhululekile kulwelwesi, lapho lucindezelwa khona ngezintambo ezilulekile. 

Njengesiginci, intamo ye-banjo ihlukaniswe ngama-frets abe ama-frets ahlelwe ngokulandelana kwechromatic. I-banjo edume kakhulu inezintambo ezinhlanu, kanti intambo yesihlanu ifushaniswa futhi inesikhonkwane esikhethekile esibekwe ngqo ku-fretboard, ku-fret yayo yesihlanu. Le ntambo idlalwa ngesithupha futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa njengentambo yebhesi, ihlale ikhala kanye nomculo.

Imizimba ye-Banjo ngokwesiko yenziwa nge-mahogany noma i-maple. I-Mahogany ihlinzeka ngomsindo othambile onokudlanga kwamafrikhwensi aphakathi nendawo, kuyilapho imephu izonikeza umsindo ogqamile.

Umsindo we-banjo uthintwa kakhulu iringi ebambe ulwelwesi. Kunamapayipi amaringi amabili amakhulu: i-flattop, lapho ikhanda leluliwe ligubha nomphetho, kanye ne-archtop, lapho ikhanda liphakanyiswa ngaphezu kwezinga lomphetho. Uhlobo lwesibili luzwakala lukhanya kakhulu, olubonakala ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni komculo wase-Ireland.

I-Blues ne-country banjo

Asikho isidingo sokubhala olunye uhlobo lwe-American classic - izwe - lezi izingoma ezishisayo ezinomsindo wesici. Esinye isiginci sijoyina i-duet futhi siphenduka i-trio egcwele. Kubalulekile ukuthi abaculi bakwazi ukushintshanisa izinsimbi, ngoba amasu okudlala afana kakhulu, umsindo kuphela, onemibala ehlukene ye-resonant ne-timbre, ihluke ngokuyisisekelo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi i-banjo izwakala ijabule futhi umehluko wayo omkhulu, abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuthi ibonakala ngomsindo odabukisayo othi "blues", kunzima ukuphikisana nalokhu, ngoba imibono ihlukene futhi ukuvumelana akutholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Izintambo ze-Banjo

Izintambo zenziwe ngensimbi futhi zingaphansi kwepulasitiki (i-PVC, inayiloni), kusetshenziswa ama-windings akhethekile (ama-alloys ensimbi angenansimbi: ithusi, ithusi, njll.), okunikeza umsindo ithoni ye-sonorous futhi ebukhali. Umsindo wesici se-banjo ubhekwa njengomsindo "we-tin can", ngoba izinzwa zokuqala zifana nokuthi izintambo zinamathele kokuthile futhi zihlengezele. Kuvele ukuthi lokhu kuyinto enhle, futhi abaculi abaningi balwela ukuvuselela lo msindo wokuqala "wesiginci sesigubhu" ekudlaleni kwabo. Embonini yezimoto, kunebhawudi ye-banjo, okuthi, ngokusho kweminye imibiko, ihlobene nomculo, kodwa empeleni, ifana nesigqoko sayo (ixhunywe "ngokuqinile" ku-washer futhi inembobo yokulungisa ingxenye engenantambo) idizayini yesigubhu sensimbi, mhlawumbe yingakho yathola igama layo.

Ithuluzi design

Njengoba sekushiwo, umzimba awuyona ideskithophu yesiginci, kodwa uhlobo lwesigubhu, i-membrane ihlelwe ohlangothini lwangaphambili (ithatha indawo yomgodi we-resonator), yelulwe ngendandatho yensimbi. Lokhu kufana kakhulu nezintambo zesigubhu sogibe. Futhi eqinisweni, lokhu kunjalo: ngemva kwakho konke, umsindo awukho wangaphandle, njengalowo wesiginci noma i-balalaika, i-domra, kodwa yangaphakathi, i-drumming, i-membrane rattles - yingakho sithola umsindo oyingqayizivele. Iringi iboshwe ngothayi - lezi izikulufo ezikhethekile. Akuvamile manje ukuthi i-banjo yenziwe ngesikhumba, nakuba le nto yayisetshenziswa ekuqaleni, manje basebenzisa ipulasitiki, esebenzayo futhi eshintshwa kalula uma kunesidingo, eshibhile.

I-string stand ibekwe ngqo ku-membrane, inquma ukuphakama lapho izintambo zizoba khona. Lapho bephansi, kuba lula ukuthi umenzi adlale. Intamo inokhuni, iqinile noma izingxenye, enamathiselwe, njengentamo yesiginci, enenduku ye-truss, ongayilungisa ngayo i-concavity. Izintambo ziqiniswa ngezikhonkwane kusetshenziswa igiya lezikelemu.

Izinhlobo ze-banjo

I-banjo yasekuqaleni yaseMelika ayinazo izintambo ezingu-6, kodwa ezi-5 (zibizwa ngokuthi utshani obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi utshani obuluhlaza), futhi intambo ye-bass ishunwe ku-G futhi ihlala ivulekile (ifinyeziwe futhi ayigxili), udinga ukuthola esetshenziselwa lolu hlelo, nakuba kusanda kudlula isiginci, ngoba inqubo yokuhlanganisa ama-chords iyafana. Kukhona amamodeli angenayo intambo yesihlanu efushanisiwe, lawa ama-banjo akudala anezintambo ezine: do, sol, re, la, kodwa ama-Irish asebenzisa isistimu yawo ekhethekile, lapho usawoti ukhuphuka, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi bayadlala. , njengoba ama-chords aboshwe ngokuyinkimbinkimbi futhi hhayi nhlobo njengoba abantu baseMelika bejwayele. I-banjo enezintambo eziyisithupha iyona elula kunazo zonke, ibizwa ngokuthi isiginci se-banjo, inokushuna okufanayo, yingakho ithandwa ikakhulukazi abashaya isiginci. Insimbi ye-banjolele ethokozisayo ehlanganisa ukulele ne-banjo.

Futhi uma kukhona izintambo eziyisi-8, futhi ezi-4 ziphindwe kabili, khona-ke lena i-banjo-mandolin.

Kukhona futhi indawo eheha abantu abaningi, i-banjo trampoline, engahlangene kangako nomculo, kodwa edume kakhulu, ayinconyelwe izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 ngoba inezinga elithile lobungozi. Kwamanye amazwe, ivinjelwe ngenxa yezingozi, kodwa lena imininingwane nje. Into eyinhloko umshwalense omuhle kanye nokusetshenziswa okunekhono kwemishini yokuzivikela.

Ukuhlola kwabakhiqizi ngokuma nobukhulu be-banjo kuye kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi namuhla kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-banjo, ezihlukile, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngenani lezintambo. Kodwa adume kakhulu ama-banjo anezintambo ezine, ezinhlanu neziyisithupha.

• I-tenor banjo enezintambo ezine kuyinto yakudala. Ingazwakala kuma-orchestra, ukusebenza komuntu oyedwa noma ukuhambisana. Intamo ye-banjo enjalo ifushane kune-banjo enezintambo ezinhlanu futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa i-dixlend. Ukwakhiwa kwezinsimbi - yenza, usawoti, re, la. Ama-Irish, ngokungafani namaMelika, asebenzisa ukushuna kwawo okukhethekile, okubonakala ngokuhambisa i-G phezulu, okunikeza ubunkimbinkimbi obengeziwe kuma-chords aminyanisiwe. Ngokwenziwa komculo wesi-Irish, isistimu ye-banjo ishintshela ku-G, D, A, E.

• Amabhanjo anezintambo ezinhlanu zizwakala kakhulu emculweni wezwe noma we-bluegrass. Lolu hlobo lwe-banjo lunentamo ende nezintambo ezilula ezimfushane kunezintambo ezinokhiye wokushuna. Iyunithi yezinhlamvu yesihlanu efinyeziwe ayiboshiwe, ihlala ivuliwe. Uhlelo lwale banjo: (sol) re, usawoti, si, re.

• I-banjo enezintambo eziyisithupha ibizwa nangokuthi i-banjo - isiginci, futhi iphinde ishunwe: mi, la, re, usawoti, si, mi.

• A banjolele iyi-banjo ehlanganisa ukulele ne-banjo, inezintambo ezine ezizodwa futhi ishunwa kanje: C, G, D, G.

• I-banjo mandolin inezintambo ezine eziphindwe kabili ezishunwe njenge-prima mandolin: G, D, A, E.

Ukudlala indlela ye-Banjo

Ayikho indlela ekhethekile yokudlala i-banjo, ifana nesiginci. Ukuhlwithwa nokushaywa kwezintambo kwenziwa ngosizo lwama-plectrums agqoke iminwe futhi afane nezipikili. Umculi futhi usebenzisa umlamuleli noma iminwe. Cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-banjo zidlalwa nge-tremolo yesici noma i-arpeggiated ngesandla sokudla.

Banjo namuhla

I-banjo igqama ngomsindo wayo ohlabayo kakhulu futhi ogqamile, okuvumela ukuthi uhluke kwezinye izinsimbi. Abantu abaningi bahlobanisa i-banjo nomculo wezwe nowe-bluegrass. Kodwa lokhu kuwumbono omncane kakhulu wale nsimbi, ngoba ingatholakala ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zomculo: umculo we-pop, i-Celtic punk, i-jazz, i-blues, i-ragtime, i-hardcore.

Kodwa i-banjo ingaphinde izwakale njengensimbi yekhonsathi eyedwa. Ikakhulukazi i-banjo, abaqambi abafana noBuck Trent, uRalph Stanley, uSteve Martin, uHank Williams, uTodd Taylor, uPutnam Smith nabanye baqamba imisebenzi. Imisebenzi emikhulu yama-classics: Bach, Tchaikovsky, Beethoven, Mozart, Grieg nabanye nabo baye babhalwa ku-banjo.

Namuhla i-banja jazzmen edume kakhulu yi-K. Urban, R. Stewart kanye no-D. Satriani.

I-banjo isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zethelevishini (Sesame Street) kanye namakhonsathi omculo (Cabaret, Chicago).

Ama-banjo enziwa abakhiqizi besiginci, isibonelo. FENDER, CORT, WASHBURN, GIBSON, ARIA, STAGG.  

Lapho uthenga futhi ukhetha i-banjo, kufanele uqhubeke usuka emandleni akho omculo nawezimali. Abaqalayo bangathenga izintambo ezine noma i-banjo enezintambo ezinhlanu edumile. Uchwepheshe angancoma ibhanjo enezintambo eziyisithupha. Futhi, qala kusitayela somculo ohlele ukusicula.

I-banjo iwuphawu lomculo lwesiko laseMelika, njenge-balalaika yethu, okuyinto, ngendlela, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Russian banjo".

I-Banjo FAQ

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi Banjo?

I-Banjo (i-Eng. Banjo) – insimbi yomculo yokuncinza njenge-lute noma isiginci.

Mangaki ama-frits nge-bandjo ngayinye?

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Ihlelwa kanjani i-Bangjo?

Idizayini ye-Bango iyikesi eliyindilinga elizwakalayo kanye nohlobo lwenqe. Ikesi lifana nesigubhu lapho kwelulwe khona indandatho yensimbi kanye nolwelwesi.