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ukwakha (kusuka ku-lat. formans, genus formantis – forming) – indawo yamathoni akhulisiwe ngokwengxenye kuchungechunge lwamamuse. imisindo, imisindo yenkulumo, kanye nalezi zimbotshana ngokwazo, ezinquma umsuka womsindo wetimbre; esinye sezici ezibalulekile zokwakheka kwe-timbre. F. vuka Ch. ar. ngaphansi kwethonya lama-resonators (enkulumweni, ekuculeni - umgodi womlomo, njll, ezinsimbi zomculo - umzimba, ivolumu yomoya, i-soundboard, njll.), ngakho-ke isikhundla sabo sokuphakama sincike kancane ekuphakameni kwesisekelo. amathoni omsindo. Igama elithi "F". yethulwa umcwaningi wenkulumo, isazi sokusebenza komzimba uL. Herman ukuze sibonise umehluko phakathi konkamisa abathile kwabanye. G. Helmholtz wenze uchungechunge lwesivivinyo ekuhlanganiseni onkamisa benkulumo esebenzisa amapayipi esitho ngendlela ehlelekile. Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi unkamisa "u" ubonakala ngokunyuka kwamathoni ayingxenye kusuka ku-200 kuya ku-400 hertz, "o" - 400-600 hertz, "a" - 800-1200, "e" - 400-600 futhi 2200-2600, “kanye “- 200-400 futhi 3000-3500 hertz. Ekuculeni, ngaphezu kwemisebenzi evamile yenkulumo, ama-chanter ayisici avela. F.; omunye wabo ungumculi ophezulu. F. (mayelana ne-3000 hertz) unikeza izwi "ubuhlakani", "isiliva", kunomthelela "ekubalekeni" kwemisindo, ukuqondakala kahle konkamisa nongwaqa; enye - ephansi (cishe i-500 hertz) inikeza ukuthamba komsindo, ukujikeleza. F. atholakala cishe kuwo wonke amamuse. amathuluzi. Isibonelo, umtshingo ubonakala ngo-F. kusuka ku-1400 kuya ku-1700 hertz, i-oboe - 1600-2000, ye-bassoon - 450-500 hertz; ku-spectrum yama-violin amahle - 240-270, 500-550 kanye ne-3200-4200 hertz (i-F yesibili neyesithathu iseduze no-F. ukucula amazwi). Indlela ehlelekile yokubunjwa kwe-timbre nokulawula i-timbre isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni inkulumo, kumculo we-electromusic. izinsimbi, kubunjiniyela bomsindo (umazibuthe nokuqopha, umsakazo, ithelevishini, icinema).

References: I-Rzhevkin SN, Ukuzwa nokukhuluma ekukhanyeni kocwaningo lwesimanje ngokomzimba, M. - L., 1928, 1936; U-Rabinovich AV, Isifundo esifushane se-acoustics yomculo, M., 1930; I-Solovieva AI, Okuyisisekelo kwengqondo yokuzwa, L., 1972; Helmholtz H., Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen als physiologische Grundlage für die Theorie der Musik, Braunschweig, 1863, Hildesheim, 1968 ); Hermann L., Phonophotographische Untersuchungen, “Pflger’s Archiv”, Bd 1875, 45, Bd 1889, 47, Bd 1890, 53, Bd 1893, 58, Bd 1894, 59; Stumpf C., Die Sprachlaute, B., 1895; Trendelenburg F., Einführung in die Akustik, V., 1926, V.-Gött.-Hdlb., 1939.

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