U-Oleg Moiseevich Kagan (Oleg Kagan) |

Oleg Kagan

U-Oleg Moiseevich Kagan (Novemba 22, 1946, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Julayi 15, 1990, eMunich) - I-violinist yaseSoviet, Umculi Ohlonishwayo we-RSFSR (1986).

Ngemva kokuba umndeni uthuthele eRiga ngo-1953, wafunda i-violin esikoleni somculo e-conservatory ngaphansi kukaJoachim Braun. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-13, i-violinist odumile Boris Kuznetsov wathuthela Kagan eMoscow, wamyisa ekilasini lakhe e-Central Music School, futhi kusukela ngo-1964 - Conservatory. Ngawo lowo 1964, uKagan wawina indawo yesine eMqhudelwaneni we-Enescu eBucharest, ngemva konyaka wawina uMqhudelwano weSibelius International Violin, ngemva konyaka wawina umklomelo wesibili emncintiswaneni weTchaikovsky, futhi ekugcineni, ngo-1968, wawina umklomelo okholisayo. ukunqoba kuMqhudelwano weBach eLeipzig.

Ngemva kokufa kukaKuznetsov, uKagan wathuthela ekilasini likaDavid Oistrakh, owamsiza ukuba aqophe umjikelezo wamakhonsathi amahlanu e-violin e-Mozart. Kusukela ngo-1969, Kagan waqala ukusebenzisana isikhathi eside zokudala Svyatoslav Richter. Ngokushesha i-duet yabo yaduma emhlabeni wonke, futhi uKagan waba umngane oseduze nabaculi abakhulu kakhulu bangaleso sikhathi - umculi we-cellist Natalia Gutman (kamuva owaba umkakhe), u-violist u-Yuri Bashmet, abadlali bepiyano uVasily Lobanov, u-Alexei Lyubimov, u-Eliso Virsaladze. Kanye nabo, uKagan wadlala e-ensembles ekamelweni emkhosini edolobheni laseKuhmo (Finland) nasemkhosini wakhe wasehlobo eZvenigorod. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, uKagan wahlela ukuhlela umkhosi eKreut (Bavarian Alps), kodwa ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yomdlavuza kwamvimbela ukuba aqaphele lezi zinhlelo. Namuhla, umkhosi e-Kreuth ubanjwe kukhunjulwa umdlali we-violinist.

UKagan wazuza idumela lokuba ngumdlali okhaliphile wasekamelweni, nakuba enze imisebenzi emikhulu yekhonsathi. Ngokwesibonelo, yena nomkakhe uNatalia Gutman benza i-Brahms Concerto ye-violin ne-cello ne-orchestra, isibonelo, yaduma kakhulu. U-Alfred Schnittke, u-Tigran Mansuryan, u-Anatole Vieru banikele izingoma zabo ku-duet kaKagan noGutman.

I-repertoire kaKagan yayihlanganisa imisebenzi yabalobi besimanje ababengavamile ukwenziwa ngaleso sikhathi e-USSR: Hindemith, Messiaen, abaqambi be-New Vienna School. Waba umculi wokuqala wemisebenzi enikezelwe kuye ngu-Alfred Schnittke, Tigran Mansuryan, Sofia Gubaidulina. UKagan futhi wayengutolika okhaliphile womculo kaBach noMozart. Inqwaba yamarekhodi alo mculi asekhishiwe kuma-CD.

Ngo-1997, umqondisi Andrey Khrzhanovsky wenza ifilimu Oleg Kagan. Ukuphila ngemva kokuphila.”

Wangcwatshwa eMoscow emathuneni Vagankovsky.

Umlando wobuciko obudlalwayo wekhulunyaka elidlule uyazi abaculi abaningi abavelele abamisebenzi yabo yafinyezwa lapho befinyelela isiqongo samandla abo obuciko - u-Ginette Neve, u-Miron Polyakin, u-Jacqueline du Pré, u-Rosa Tamarkina, u-Yulian Sitkovetsky, u-Dino Chiani.

Kodwa inkathi iyadlula, futhi imibhalo isasele kuyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, esithola phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuqoshwa kwabaculi abasebasha abashona, kanye nendaba ye-astringent yesikhathi ixhumanisa ngokuqinile ukudlala kwabo ezingqondweni zethu nesikhathi esazala futhi. wabamunca.

Ukukhuluma ngokunenhloso, inkathi kaKagan yahamba naye. Washona ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemuva kwekhonsathi yakhe yokugcina njengengxenye yomkhosi ayesanda kuwuhlela eBavarian Kreuth, phezulu kakhulu ehlobo lika-1990, ewodini yomdlavuza esibhedlela saseMunich - futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi, isimila esasikhula ngokushesha ukonakalisa isiko kanye nezwe azalelwa kulo, wawela ebusheni bakhe kusukela ekupheleni kuya ekupheleni (owazalelwa Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, waqala ukufunda eRiga ...), futhi wasinda kuye isikhathi esifushane kakhulu.

Kubonakala sengathi konke kucacile futhi kungokwemvelo, kodwa indaba ka-Oleg Kagan ikhethekile kakhulu. Wayengomunye walabo baculi ababebonakala bemi ngaphezu kwesikhathi sabo, ngaphezu kwenkathi yabo, ngesikhathi esifanayo engowabo futhi ebuka, ngesikhathi esifanayo, esikhathini esedlule nekusasa. U-Kagan wakwazi ukuhlanganisa ubuciko bakhe okuthile, ekuboneni kokuqala, okungahambisani: ukuphelela kwesikole esidala, okuvela kuthisha wakhe, uDavid Oistrakh, ukuqina nenjongo yokuhumusha, okwakudingwa izitayela zesikhathi sakhe, futhi ngesikhathi sakhe. ngesikhathi esifanayo - umfutho ovuthayo womphefumulo, olangazelela ukukhululeka emihosheni yombhalo womculo (umsondeze ku-Richter).

Futhi ukunxusa kwakhe njalo emculweni wabantu besikhathi sakhe - uGubaidulina, Schnittke, Mansuryan, Vier, ama-classics ekhulu lama-XNUMX - uBerg, uWebern, uSchoenberg, akazange nje amkhaphele umcwaningi onolwazi lwendaba entsha yomsindo, kodwa ukuqaphela okucacile ukuthi ngaphandle kokuvuselela izindlela ezizwakalayo, umculo - futhi kanye nakho, ubuciko bomculi buzophenduka ithoyizi elibizayo libe inani lemnyuziyamu (ubengacabangani uma ebuka amaphosta anamuhla we-philharmonic, anciphisa isitayela sacishe safinyelela ezingeni inkathi yamaSoviet eyizithulu kakhulu! ..)

Manje, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, singasho ukuthi uKagan wabonakala edlulile inkinga yokusebenza kweSoviet ekupheleni kokuba khona kwe-USSR - lapho isithukuthezi sokuhumusha sidluliswa njengokubaluleke kakhulu nokuzithoba, lapho befuna ukunqoba. lesi sithukuthezi izinsimbi zadatshulwa zaba yizicucu, zifisa ukukhombisa ukujula komqondo wengqondo, futhi nokubona kuwo isici sokuphikisa kwezombusazwe.

UKagan wayengadingi zonke lezi “zisekelo” - wayengumculi ozimele, ocabanga ngokujulile, amathuba akhe okucula ayengenamingcele. Waphikisana, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, neziphathimandla ezivelele - u-Oistrakh, u-Richter - ezingeni labo siqu, ezikholisa ukuthi wayeqinisile, ngenxa yalokho kwazalwa imisebenzi yobuciko evelele. Yiqiniso, umuntu angasho ukuthi u-Oistrakh wafaka kuye isiyalo sangaphakathi esiyingqayizivele esamvumela ukuba ahambe ngobuciko bakhe emgqeni okhuphukayo okhuphukayo, indlela eyisisekelo yombhalo womculo - futhi kulokhu, kunjalo, ungumgqugquzeli womculo wakhe. isiko. Kodwa-ke, ekuchazeni kukaKagan izingoma ezifanayo - i-sonatas namakhonsathi kaMozart, uBeethoven, isibonelo - umuntu uthola ukuthi ukuphakama okudlulele kokundiza komcabango nomuzwa, ukulayishwa kwe-semantic komsindo ngamunye, u-Oistrakh ayengenakukukhokhela, engumculi. ngesinye isikhathi nabanye abazuzwe kuye izindinganiso.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi u-Oistrakh ngokuzumayo uthola lokhu kucoliswa ngokucophelela kuyena, eba umphelezeli kaKagan ekurekhodweni okushicilelwe kwamakhonsathi kaMozart. Ngokushintsha kwendima, yena, njengokungathi, uqhubeka nomugqa wakhe ekuhlanganiseni nomfundi wakhe ohlakaniphile.

Kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuvela ku-Svyatoslav Richter, owaqaphela ekuqaleni umculi we-violini osemusha ohlakaniphile, ukuthi uKagan wamukela lokhu kujabulela okuphakeme kwenani lethoni ngayinye eveziwe, edluliselwa emphakathini. Kodwa, ngokungafani no-Richter, uKagan wayenesandla esiqinile ekuchazeni kwakhe, akazange avumele imizwa yakhe imgaqe, futhi ekurekhodweni okudumile kwe-sonatas ka-Beethoven kanye nekaMozart kubonakala ngezinye izikhathi - ikakhulukazi ekuhambeni kancane - ukuthi u-Richter uvumela kanjani intando eqinile yabasha. umculi, wenza indlela yakhe ngokulinganayo nangokuzethemba esuka esiqongweni somoya iye kwesinye. Akudingekile ukusho ukuthi yeka ithonya ayenalo kontanga yakhe ayesebenza nabo - uNatalia Gutman, u-Yuri Bashmet - nakubafundi bakhe, maye, babengebaningi ngenxa yesikhathi asibekelwe isiphetho!

Mhlawumbe uKagan wayemiselwe ukuba ngomunye wabaculi abangabunjwanga yileso sikhathi, kodwa abazidalela bona. Ngeshwa, lokhu kungumbono nje, ongasoze waqinisekiswa. Okubaluleke kakhulu kithina yiwo wonke ucezu lwekhasethi noma itheyiphu yevidiyo ethwebula ubuciko bomculi omangalisayo.

Kodwa leli nani alikona okohlelo lwe-nostalgic. Kunalokho - ngenkathi kusengenzeka, kuyilapho ama-70s - 80s. yekhulu leminyaka elidlule ayizange ibe umlando ekugcineni - le mibhalo ingabhekwa njengesiqondiso esiholela ekuvuselelweni komoya ophezulu wokusebenza kweRussia, umkhulumeli oqhakazile okwakungu-Oleg Moiseevich Kagan.

Inkampani "Melody"