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I-Sarasate iyamangalisa. Indlela ivayolini yakhe ekhala ngayo yindlela engakaze ishaywe ngayo muntu. L. Auer

Umdlali wevayolini waseSpain nomqambi u-P. Sarasate wayengummeleli okhaliphile wobuciko obuhlala bukhona, be-virtuoso. "I-Paganini ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, inkosi yobuciko be-cadence, umculi okhanyayo libalele," yilokho uSarasate ayebizwa ngakho abantu besikhathi sakhe. Ngisho nabaphikisi abakhulu bobuhle kwezobuciko, u-I. Joachim no-L. Auer, bakhothama ngaphambi kokudlala kwakhe izinsimbi okuphawulekayo. USarasate wazalelwa emndenini webhendi yezempi. Inkazimulo yamphelezela ngempela kusukela ezinyathelweni zokuqala zomsebenzi wakhe wobuciko. Kakade eneminyaka engu-8 wanikeza amakhonsathi akhe okuqala e-La Coruña bese e-Madrid. Indlovukazi yaseSpain u-Isabella, incoma ikhono lomculi omncane, yaklomelisa iSarasate ngevayolini ye-A. Stradivari futhi yamnikeza umfundaze wokuyofunda eParis Conservatory.

Unyaka owodwa kuphela wezifundo ekilasini lika-D. Alar wawanele ukuthi umdlali wevayolini oneminyaka eyishumi nantathu athweswe iziqu kwelinye lama-conservatories ahamba phambili emhlabeni ngendondo yegolide. Kodwa-ke, ezwa isidingo sokujulisa ulwazi lwakhe lomculo nethiyori, wafunda ukuqamba iminyaka emi-2. Ngemva kokuqeda imfundo yakhe, uSarasate wenza uhambo oluningi lwamakhonsathi oluya eYurophu nase-Asia. Kabili (1867-70, 1889-90) wathatha uhambo olukhulu lwekhonsathi emazweni aseNyakatho neNingizimu Melika. I-Sarasate ivakashele eRussia kaningi. Vala izibopho zokudala nobungane zamxhumanisa nabaculi baseRussia: P. Tchaikovsky, L. Auer, K. Davydov, A. Verzhbilovich, A. Rubinshtein. Mayelana nekhonsathi eyahlanganyelwa nakamuva ngo-1881, iphephandaba laseRussia lomculo labhala: “ISarasate ayinakuqhathaniswa nokudlala ivayolini njengoba uRubinstein engenazo izimbangi emkhakheni wokudlala upiyano . . .

Abantu besikhathi samanje babone imfihlo yokukhanga kwe-Sarasate yokudala neyomuntu siqu ngokushesha okucishe kube kobungane kokubuka kwakhe umhlaba. Ngokwezinkumbulo zabangane, uSarasate wayeyindoda enenhliziyo elula, ethanda kakhulu ukuqoqa izinduku, amabhokisi esinemfu, namanye ama-gizmos asendulo. Kamuva, umculi wadlulisela lonke iqoqo ayeliqoqile edolobheni lakubo lasePamplrne. Ubuciko obucacile, obujabulisayo be-virtuoso yaseSpain buye bakhanga abalaleli cishe iminyaka eyikhulu. Ukudlala kwakhe kukhangwe ngomsindo omnandi omnandi we-violin, ubuhle obukhethekile, ukukhanya okukhangayo futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, injabulo yothando, izinkondlo, ukuhlonishwa kwemisho. Iculo lomdlali wevayolini lalibanzi ngendlela emangalisayo. Kodwa ngempumelelo enkulu, wenza izingoma zakhe: "Imidanso yaseSpain", "Basque Capriccio", "Aragonese Hunt", "Andalusian Serenade", "Navarra", "Habanera", "Zapateado", "Malagueña", edumile. "Ama-Gypsy Melodies" . Kulezi zingoma, izici zikazwelonke zesitayela sokuqamba nokwenza kukaSarasate zabonakala ngokucacile: imvelaphi yesigqi, ukukhiqizwa komsindo onemibala, ukuqaliswa okucashile kwamasiko obuciko bendabuko. Yonke le misebenzi, kanye nemicabango emibili emikhulu yekhonsathi u-Faust no-Carmen (ngezindikimba zama-opera egama elifanayo lika-Ch. Gounod no-G. Bizet), kusasele kuyi-repertoire yabadlali bevayolini. Imisebenzi ye-Sarasate ishiye uphawu oluphawulekayo emlandweni womculo wezinsimbi waseSpain, onomthelela omkhulu emsebenzini ka-I. Albeniz, M. de Falla, E. Granados.

Abaqambi abaningi abakhulu bangaleso sikhathi banikezela imisebenzi yabo eSarasata. Kwakungenxa yokudlala kwakhe engqondweni ukuthi ubuciko obunjalo bomculo we-violin badalwa njenge-Introduction kanye ne-Rondo-Capriccioso, "Havanese" kanye ne-Third Violin Concerto ka-C. Saint-Saens, "Spanish Symphony" ka-E. Lalo, i-Violin Yesibili I-Concerto kanye ne-“Scottish Fantasy” M Bruch, indawo yekhonsathi ka-I. Raff. U-G. Wieniawski (Ikhonsathi Yevayolin Yesibili), A. Dvorak (Mazurek), K. Goldmark kanye no-A. Mackenzie banikele imisebenzi yabo kumculi waseSpain ovelele. “Ukubaluleka okukhulu kweSarasate,” kuphawula u-Auer mayelana nalokhu, “kusekelwe ekuqashelweni okubanzi ukuthi wayinqoba ngokudlala kwakhe izingoma ezivelele zevayolini zenkathi yakhe.” Lokhu ukufaneleka okuhle kwe-Sarasate, esinye sezici ezithuthukayo kakhulu zokusebenza kwe-virtuoso enkulu yaseSpain.

I. Vetlitsyna

Ubuciko be-Virtuoso abufi. Ngisho nangenkathi yokunqoba okuphezulu kakhulu kwezitayela zobuciko, kuhlale kukhona abaculi abaheha ngobuhle “obumsulwa”. USarasate wayengomunye wabo. "I-Paganini yokuphela kwekhulu leminyaka", "inkosi yobuciko be-cadence", "umculi ogqamile libalele" - yile ndlela abantu besikhathi ababethi ngayo iSarasate. Ngaphambi kobuhle bakhe, ukusebenzisa izinsimbi okuphawulekayo kwakhothama ngisho nalabo ababenqaba ubuhle kwezobuciko - Joachim, Auer.

I-Sarasate yanqoba wonke umuntu. Imfihlo yobuhle bakhe yayikubungane obuseduze bobuciko bakhe. "Abathukutheli" abaculi abanjalo, umculo wabo wamukelwa njengokucula kwezinyoni, njengemisindo yemvelo - umsindo wehlathi, ukububula komfudlana. Ngaphandle uma kungaba nezimangalo ku-nightingale? Uyacula! Kanjalo neSarasate. Wacula ngevayolini - futhi izethameli zaqalwa yinjabulo; “wapenda” izithombe ezimibalabala zemidanso yesintu yaseSpain – futhi zavela emicabangweni yabalaleli bephila.

U-Auer ubeke iSarasate (emva kweViettan noJoachim) ngaphezu kwabo bonke abadlali bevayolini bengxenye yesibili yekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Emdlalweni weSarasate, wamangala ukukhanya okungavamile, ukuba ngokwemvelo, ukukhululeka kwezinsiza zakhe zobuchwepheshe. “Ngobunye ubusuku,” kubhala I. Nalbandian encwadini yakhe yesikhumbuzo, “ngacela u-Auer ukuthi angitshele ngeSarasat. U-Leopold Semyonovich wasukuma kusofa, wangibuka isikhathi eside wathi: I-Sarasate iyisimangaliso. Indlela ivayolini yakhe ekhala ngayo yindlela engakaze ishaywe ngayo muntu. Ekudlaleni kukaSarasate, awukwazi nhlobo ukuzwa “ikhishi”, azinazinwele, azikho i-rosin, azikho izinguquko zomnsalo futhi akukho msebenzi, ukungezwani - udlala yonke into ngokuncokola, futhi yonke into izwakala iphelele ngaye ... ”Ithumela uNalbandian eBerlin, Auer wameluleka ukuba asebenzise noma yiliphi ithuba, alalele iSarasate, futhi uma ithuba livela, amdlalele ivayolini. UNalbandian uyanezela ukuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Auer wamnikeza incwadi yokuncoma, enekheli elinombala ogqamile emvilophini: “Europe – Sarasate.” Futhi lokho bekwanele.

UNalbandian uyaqhubeka: “Lapho ngibuyela eRussia, ngenza umbiko oningiliziwe ku-Auer, athi kuwo: “Uyabona ukuthi uhambo lwakho lwaphesheya olukulethele inzuzo luni. Uzwile izibonelo eziphakeme kakhulu zokusebenza kwemisebenzi yakudala ngabaculi abakhulu u-Joachim no-Sarasate - ukuphelela okuphezulu kakhulu, into emangalisayo yokudlala i-violin. Yeka indoda enenhlanhla uSarasate ayiyo, akufani nokuthi siyizigqila ze-violin okufanele zisebenze nsuku zonke, futhi uphilela ukuzijabulisa kwakhe. Ubuye wengeza wathi: “Kungani kufanele adlale ekubeni yonke into isimhambela kahle?” Esekushilo lokhu, u-Auer wabuka izandla zakhe ngokudabukisayo waphefumulela phezulu. U-Auer wayenezandla “ezingabongi” futhi kwakudingeka asebenze kanzima nsuku zonke ukuze agcine le nqubo.

“Igama elithi Sarasate laliwumlingo kubadlali bevayolini,” kubhala uK. Flesh. – Ngokuhlonipha, njengokungathi kwakuyisenzakalo esithile esivela endaweni yezimanga, thina bafana (lokhu kwakungo-1886) sabheka umSpanishi omncane onamehlo amnyama - amadevu ahlotshiswe ngokucophelela amnyama kanye nezinwele ezifanayo ezigobile, ezigobile, ezikanywe ngokucophelela . Le ndoda encane yangena esiteji ngamagxathu amade, enobuhle bangempela baseSpain, izolile ngaphandle, ngisho ne-phlegmatic. Futhi-ke waqala ukudlala ngenkululeko engakaze izwakale, ngesivinini esilethwe emkhawulweni, eletha izethameli enjabulweni enkulu.

Impilo kaSarasate yabonakala ijabulisa kakhulu. Wayesemqondweni ophelele wegama elithi intandokazi kanye nomncane wokudalelwa.

Uyabhala: “Ngazalwa ngo-March 14, 1844, ePamplona, ​​idolobha elikhulu lesifundazwe saseNavarre. Ubaba wayengumqhubi wezempi. Ngafunda ukudlala ivayolini kusukela ngisemncane. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-5 kuphela ubudala, ngase ngivele ngidlala phambi kweNdlovukazi u-Isabella. Inkosi yakuthanda ukusebenza kwami ​​futhi yanginika impesheni, eyangivumela ukuba ngiyofunda eParis.

Uma sibheka eminye imilando yomlando we-Sarasate, lolu lwazi alunembile. Akazalwanga ngo-March 14, kodwa ngo-March 10, 1844. Lapho ezalwa, waqanjwa ngokuthi uMartin Meliton, kodwa wathatha igama elithi Pablo ngokwakhe kamuva, ngesikhathi ehlala eParis.

Uyise, ongumBasque ngobuzwe, wayengumculi omuhle. Ekuqaleni, yena ngokwakhe wafundisa indodana yakhe ivayolini. Lapho eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala, umntwana we-prodigy wanikeza ikhonsathi eLa Coruna futhi ithalenta lakhe lalisobala kangangokuthi uyise wanquma ukumyisa eMadrid. Lapha wanikeza umfana ukufunda Rodriguez Saez.

Lapho umdlali wevayolini eneminyaka engu-10 ubudala, wakhonjiswa enkantolo. Umdlalo weSarasate omncane wenze umbono omangalisayo. Wathola i-violin enhle ye-Stradivarius evela kuNdlovukazi u-Isabella njengesipho, futhi inkantolo yaseMadrid yathatha izindleko zemfundo yakhe yokuqhubeka.

Ngo-1856, uSarasate wathunyelwa eParis, lapho amukelwa khona ekilasini lakhe ngomunye wabameleli abavelele besikole se-violin saseFrance, uDelphine Alar. Ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye kamuva (cishe ngendlela engakholeki!) Waqeda inkambo ephelele ye-conservatory futhi wazuza umklomelo wokuqala.

Ngokusobala, umculi we-violini osemusha weza ku-Alar kakade esenesu elithuthuke ngokwanele, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuphothula kwakhe okushesha njengombani ku-conservatory akukwazi ukuchazwa. Nokho, ngemva kokuphothula ekilasini violin, wahlala eParis iminyaka engu-6 ukuze afunde imfundiso yomculo, ukuvumelana kanye nezinye izindawo zobuciko. Kuphela ngonyaka weshumi nesikhombisa wokuphila kwakhe Sarasate washiya Paris Conservatory. Kusukela kulesi sikhathi iqala impilo yakhe njengomdlali ojikelezayo wekhonsathi.

Ekuqaleni, waya ohambweni olunwetshiwe lwamazwe aseMelika. Yayihlelwe umthengisi ocebile u-Otto Goldschmidt, owayehlala eMexico. Umdlali wopiyano omuhle kakhulu, ngaphezu kwemisebenzi ye-impresario, wathatha imisebenzi yomdlali ohambisana naye. Lolu hambo lwaba yimpumelelo ngokwezimali, futhi uGoldschmidt waba umqaphi weSarasate ukuphila kwakhe konke.

Ngemuva kweMelika, iSarasate yabuyela eYurophu futhi yathola ukuthandwa okumangalisayo lapha. Amakhonsathi akhe kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu aqhutshwa ngokunqoba, futhi ezweni lakubo uba iqhawe lesizwe. Ngo-1880, e-Barcelona, ​​abalandeli bakaSarasate abashisekayo benza udwendwe lokukhanyisa isibani owawuhanjelwe abantu abangu-2000. Izinhlangano zezitimela eSpain zamnikeza zonke izitimela ukuze azisebenzise. Wayefika ePamplona cishe minyaka yonke, abantu basedolobheni babemhlelela imihlangano yobukhazikhazi, eholwa umasipala. Ngokuhlonishwa kwakhe, izinkunzi zazihlale zinikezwa, uSarasate wasabela kuzo zonke lezi zinhlonipho ngamakhonsathi avuna abampofu. Yiqiniso, kanye (ngo-1900) imikhosi yokufika kweSarasate ePamplona yacishe yaphazamiseka. Imeya yedolobha esanda kukhethwa yazama ukubahoxisa ngezizathu zepolitiki. Wayeyinkosi, futhi uSarasate wayaziwa njengentando yeningi. Izinhloso zemeya zadala ukucasuka. “Kungenelele amaphephandaba. Nomasipala ohluliwe, kanye nenhloko yawo, baphoqeleka ukuthi basule. Icala mhlawumbe yilona lodwa lalolu hlobo.

I-Sarasate ivakashele eRussia izikhathi eziningi. Ngokokuqala ngqá, ngo-1869, wavakashela e-Odessa kuphela; okwesibili - ngo-1879 wavakashela eSt. Petersburg naseMoscow.

Nakhu okwabhalwa uL. Auer: “Omunye wabathakazelisa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu bakwamanye amazwe abadumile abamenywe iNhlangano (okusho iNhlangano Yomculo YaseRussia. – LR) kwakunguPablo de Sarasate, ngaleso sikhathi owayesengumculi osemusha owafika kithi ngemva kokucula kwakhe kwasekuqaleni. impumelelo eJalimane. Ngaqala ukumbona futhi ngamuzwa. Wayemncane, ezacile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo enomusa kakhulu, enekhanda elihle, enezinwele ezimnyama ezihlukene phakathi, ngokuvumelana nemfashini yangaleso sikhathi. Njengokuphambuka emthethweni ojwayelekile, esifubeni sakhe wayegqoke iribhoni enkulu enenkanyezi yomyalelo waseSpain ayewutholile. Lokhu kwakuyizindaba kuwo wonke umuntu, njengoba ngokuvamile kwakuvela izikhulu zegazi nezikhonzi kuphela emihlobiso enjalo edilini elisemthethweni.

Amanothi okuqala awakhipha ku-Stradivarius yakhe - maye, manje oyisimungulu futhi wangcwatshwa unomphela eMnyuziyamu waseMadrid! - kungihlabe umxhwele ngobuhle nokuhlanzeka kwethoni. Njengoba enekhono elimangalisayo, wayedlala ngaphandle kokushuba, njengokungathi wayengazithinti nhlobo izintambo ngomnsalo wakhe omangalisayo. Kwakunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi le misindo emangalisayo, ephulula indlebe, njengezwi lika-Adeline Patty osemusha, ingavela ezintweni ezibonakalayo ezimbi njengezinwele nezintambo. Abalaleli babemangele futhi, vele, iSarasate ibe yimpumelelo emangalisayo.

“Phakathi kokunqoba kwakhe eSt. Petersburg,” u-Auer uyabhala ngokuqhubekayo, “uPablo de Sarasate wahlala engumngane omuhle, ethanda ukuba nabangane bakhe bomculo kunokucula ezindlini ezinothile, lapho ayethola khona ama-franc ayizinkulungwane ezimbili kuya kwezintathu kusihlwa – imali ephezulu kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Kusihlwa kwamahhala. wachitha noDavydov, uLeshetsky noma nami, ejabule, emamatheka futhi ejabule, ejabule kakhulu lapho ekwazi ukuwina ama-ruble ambalwa kithi ngamakhadi. Wayenesibindi kakhulu nabesifazane futhi wayehlale ephethe abalandeli abambalwa baseSpain, ayevame ukubanikeza njengesikhumbuzo.

IRussia yanqoba iSarasate ngomoya wayo wokungenisa izihambi. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-2, unikeza uchungechunge lwamakhonsathi lapha. Ngemva kwekhonsathi yokuqala, eyenzeka ngoNovemba 28, 1881 eSt. - LR ) ayinazo izimbangi emkhakheni wokudlala upiyano, ngaphandle kwe-Liszt.

Ukufika kweSarasate eSt. Petersburg ngo-January 1898 kwaphinde kwaphawulwa ngokunqoba. Isixuku esingenakubalwa somphakathi sagcwala ihholo leNoble Assembly (i-Philharmonic yamanje). Ehlangene no-Auer, uSarasate unikeze ubusuku bequartet lapho enza khona ingoma kaBeethoven ethi Kreutzer Sonata.

Ngesikhathi sokugcina uPetersburg elalela uSarasate wayesevele esemthambekeni wokuphila kwakhe, ngo-1903, futhi ukubuyekezwa kwabezindaba kubonisa ukuthi wagcina amakhono akhe e-virtuoso kwaze kwaba yilapho esekhulile. “Izimfanelo ezivelele zomculi iphimbo elimnandi, eligcwele nelinamandla levayolin yakhe, ikhono elihlakaniphile elinqoba zonke izinhlobo zobunzima; futhi, ngokuphambene, umnsalo okhanyayo, omnene futhi ozwakalayo emidlalweni yemvelo esondelene kakhulu - konke lokhu kuphethwe ngokuphelele yiSpaniard. I-Sarasate iseyiyona "nkosi ye-violinists" efanayo, ngomqondo owamukelekayo wegama. Naphezu kokukhula kwakhe, usamangala ngokuphila kwakhe nokukhululeka kukho konke akwenzayo.

I-Sarasate kwakuyinto eyingqayizivele. Kubantu ayephila nabo, wavulela ithuba elisha lokudlala ivayolini: “Ngesinye isikhathi e-Amsterdam,” kubhala uK. Flesh, “u-Izai, lapho ekhuluma nami, wanikeza uSarasata lokhu kuhlola okulandelayo: “Nguye owasifundisa ukudlala ngokuhlanzekile. ” Isifiso sabadlali be-violin banamuhla sokuphelela kobuchwepheshe, ukunemba nokungabi naphutha kokudlala sivela ku-Sarasate kusukela ngesikhathi sokubonakala kwakhe esiteji sekhonsathi. Ngaphambi kwakhe, inkululeko, uketshezi kanye nokucwazimula kokusebenza kwakubhekwa njengokubaluleke kakhulu.

“… Ubengummeleli wohlobo olusha lomshayi wevayolini futhi edlala kalula ngobuchwepheshe obumangalisayo, ngaphandle kokushuba nokuncane. Iminwe yakhe yahlala phezu kwe-fretboard ngokwemvelo nangokuzola, ngaphandle kokushaya izintambo. Ukudlidliza bekubanzi kakhulu kunalokho obekujwayelekile kubadlali bevayolini ngaphambi kwe-Sarasate. Wayekholelwa ngokufanelekile ukuthi ukutholakala komnsalo kuyindlela yokuqala futhi ebaluleke kakhulu yokukhipha okuhle - ngokombono wakhe - ithoni. “Ukushaya” komnsalo wakhe entanjeni kushaye phakathi nendawo phakathi kwamaphuzu adlulele ebhuloho kanye ne-fritboard ye-violin futhi akakaze asondele ebhulohweni, lapho, njengoba sazi, umuntu angakhipha umsindo wesici ofana nokungezwani. ngomsindo we-oboe.

Isazi-mlando esingumJalimane sobuciko be-violin u-A. Moser sihlaziya namakhono okudlala kaSarasate: “Lapho sibuzwa ukuthi iSarasate yazuza kanjani impumelelo engaka,” uyabhala, “kufanele siqale siphendule ngomsindo. Ithoni yakhe, ngaphandle "kokungcola", egcwele "ubumnandi", yenza lapho eqala ukudlala, emangalisa ngokuqondile. Ngithi "ngiqale ukudlala" hhayi ngaphandle kwenhloso, ngoba umsindo weSarasate, naphezu kwabo bonke ubuhle bayo, wawuyi-monotonous, cishe awukwazi ukuguqulwa, ngenxa yokuthi, ngemva kwesikhashana, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "unesithukuthezi", njengesimo sezulu esishisayo imvelo. Isici sesibili esibe nomthelela empumelelweni yeSarasate kwaba lula ngendlela emangalisayo, inkululeko asebenzisa ngayo indlela yakhe enkulu. Wabhala ngokuhlanzekile futhi wanqoba ubunzima obukhulu kakhulu ngomusa oyingqayizivele.

Ulwazi oluningi mayelana nezinto zobuchwepheshe zomdlalo i-Sarasate inikeza i-Auer. Ubhala ukuthi uSarasate (no-Wieniawski) “babenemidlalo emithathu esheshayo nenembayo, emide kakhulu, okwakuwubufakazi obuhle kakhulu bobuchule babo bobuchwepheshe.” Kwenye indawo encwadini efanayo ka-Auer siyafunda: “USarasate, owayenephimbo elimangalisayo, wasebenzisa i-staccato volant kuphela (okungukuthi, i-flying staccato. – LR), hhayi ngokushesha okukhulu, kodwa ngomusa ongenakulinganiswa. Isici sokugcina, okungukuthi, umusa, sikhanyise umdlalo wakhe wonke futhi sahambisana nomsindo omnandi kakhulu, kodwa ongaqinile kakhulu. Eqhathanisa indlela yokubamba umnsalo kaJoachim, uWieniawski noSarasate, u-Auer uyabhala: “USarasate wayebamba umnsalo ngayo yonke iminwe yakhe, okwakungamvimbeli ukuba abe nephimbo elikhululekile, elimnandi kanye nokulula komoya eziphasejini.”

Ukubuyekezwa okuningi kuphawula ukuthi ama-classics awazange anikezwe i-Sarasata, nakuba ayevame ukuphendukela emisebenzini kaBach, Beethoven, futhi ethanda ukudlala ngama-quartets. UMoser uthi ngemuva kokudlala kokuqala kwe-Beethoven Concerto eBerlin ngeminyaka yama-80s, kwalandela isibuyekezo somhlaziyi womculo u-E. Taubert, lapho ukuhumusha kukaSarasate kwagxekwa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nekaJoachim. “Ngosuku olulandelayo, sihlangana nami, iSarasate ethukuthele yangimemeza: “Yebo, eJalimane bakholelwa ukuthi othile owenza i-Beethoven Concerto kumelwe ajuluke njenge-maestro yakho ekhuluphele!”

Ngamqinisekisa, ngabona ukuthi ngangicasukile lapho izethameli, zijabulile ngokudlala kwakhe, ziphazamisa i- orchestra tutti ngehlombe ngemva kokucula yedwa wokuqala. USarasate wangithethisa, “Ndoda ethandekayo, ungakhulumi umbhedo onjalo! I-orchestral tutti ikhona ukuze inikeze umdlali oyedwa ithuba lokuphumula futhi izethameli zishaye ihlombe.” Lapho nginikina ikhanda, ngimangazwe ukwahlulela kobuntwana okunjalo, waqhubeka: “Ngiyekeni ngezingoma zenu zokucula. Uyabuza ukuthi kungani ngingadlali i-Brahms Concerto! Angifuni nakancane ukuphika ukuthi umculo omnandi lo. Kodwa ingabe ngempela ungibheka njengomuntu ongenakho ukunambitheka kangangokuthi, lapho ngingena esiteji ngiphethe i-violin ezandleni zami, ngama futhi ngalalela ukuthi ku-Adagio i-oboe idlala kanjani okuwukuphela kwengoma yomsebenzi wonke ezilalelini?

Ukwenza umculo we-chamber kaMoser noSarasate kuchazwa ngokucacile: “Ngesikhathi sokuhlala isikhathi eside e-Berlin, uSarasate wayevame ukumema abangani bami baseSpain kanye nengifunda nabo ekilasini u-EF Arbos (i-violin) no-Augustino Rubio ehhotela lakhe i-Kaiserhof ukuze badlale nami i-quartet. (cell). Yena ngokwakhe wayedlala indima yevayolini yokuqala, mina no-Arbos sasishintshana njenge-violin neyesibili. Ama-quartets akhe awathandayo, kanye ne-Op. 59 Amaquartet kaBeethoven, Schumann kanye neBrahms. Lezi yizo ezazivame ukwenziwa. I-Sarasate idlale ngokukhulu ukukhuthala, igcwalisa yonke imiyalelo yomqambi. Yebo, kwakuzwakala kukuhle, kodwa “okungaphakathi” okwakuphakathi “kwemigqa” kwahlala kungadalulwanga.

Amagama kaMoser kanye nokuhlola kwakhe ubunjalo bokuhumusha kukaSarasate kwemisebenzi yakudala kuthola ukuqinisekiswa kuma-athikili nabanye ababuyekezi. Kuvame ukuvezwa i-monotony, i-monotony eyahlukanisa umsindo we-violin ye-Sarasate, kanye neqiniso lokuthi imisebenzi ka-Beethoven ne-Bach ayizange imsebenzele kahle. Kodwa-ke, isimo sikaMoser sisehlangothini olulodwa. Emisebenzini eseduze nobuntu bakhe, uSarasate wazibonakalisa engumculi ocashile. Ngokusho kwazo zonke izibuyekezo, isibonelo, wenza ikhonsathi ye-Mendelssohn ngokungenakuqhathaniswa. Futhi yeka ukuthi yenziwa kabi kangakanani imisebenzi kaBach noBeethoven, uma uchwepheshe oqinile njengo-Auer ekhuluma kahle ngobuciko bokuhumusha beSarasate!

"Phakathi kuka-1870 no-1880, ukuthambekela kokucula umculo wobuciko obuphezulu kumakhonsathi omphakathi kwakhula kakhulu, futhi lesi simiso sathola ukuqashelwa nokusekelwa kwabezindaba, kangangokuthi lokhu kwabangela ama-virtuosos avelele njengoWieniawski noSarasate - abameleli abaphawuleka kakhulu balo mkhuba. - ukusebenzisa kabanzi izingoma zeviolin zamakhonsathi zohlobo oluphezulu kakhulu. Bahlanganisa i-Chaconne ka-Bach neminye imisebenzi, kanye ne-Beethoven's Concerto, ezinhlelweni zabo, kanye nokuchazwa okugqame kakhulu (ngisho ukuhlukana ngomqondo ongcono kakhulu wegama), incazelo yabo yobuciko bangempela nokusebenza okwanele kube nomthelela omkhulu udumo lwabo. “.

Ngokuphathelene nencazelo kaSarasate Yekhonsathi Yesithathu kaSaint-Saens eyanikezelwa kuye, umlobi ngokwakhe wabhala: “Ngabhala ikhonsathi lapho izingxenye zokuqala nezokugcina zikhuluma kakhulu; bahlukaniswa yingxenye lapho yonke into iphefumula ukuzola - njengechibi phakathi kwezintaba. Abadlali bevayolini abakhulu abangenzele ukuhlonishwa ngokudlala lo msebenzi ngokuvamile abazange bakuqonde lokhu kuqhathanisa - babedlidliza echibini, njengasezintabeni. I-Sarasate, okwabhalelwa yona ikhonsathi, yayizolile echibini njengoba yayijabule ezintabeni. Bese umqambi ephetha ngokuthi: "Akukho lutho olungcono lapho wenza umculo, indlela yokudlulisa umlingiswa wawo."

Ngaphezu kwekhonsathi, u-Saint-Saëns wanikezela i-Rondo Capriccioso eSarasata. Abanye abaqambi bazwakalise ukukuthakasela kwabo ukudlala kwevayolini ngendlela efanayo. Wanikezelwa ku-: I-Concerto Yokuqala kanye ne-Spanish Symphony ka-E. Lalo, i-Second Concerto kanye ne-Scottish Fantasy ka-M. Bruch, i-Second Concerto ka-G. Wieniawski. “Ukubaluleka okukhulu kweSarasate,” kuphikisa u-Auer, “kusekelwe ekuqashelweni okubanzi akunqoba ngokwenza kwakhe imisebenzi evelele yevayolini yenkathi yakhe. Kungukufaneleka kwakhe futhi ukuthi ube ngowokuqala ukwazisa amakhonsathi kaBruch, Lalo noSaint-Saens.

Okuhle kunakho konke, i-Sarasate idlulisele umculo we-virtuoso nemisebenzi yakhe. Kuzo wayengenakuqhathaniswa. Ezingomeni zakhe, imidanso yesi-Spanish, izingoma ze-Gypsy, i-Fantasia kuma-motifs avela ku-opera ethi “Carmen” ka-Bizet, Isingeniso kanye ne-tarantella zithole udumo olukhulu. Ukuhlola okuhle nokuseduze kakhulu kweqiniso kweSarasate umqambi kwanikezwa ngu-Auer. Wabhala: "Izingcezu zangempela, ezinekhono futhi ngempela zekhonsathi yeSarasate ngokwakhe - "I-Airs Espagnoles", enemibala egqamile yothando oluvuthayo lwezwe lakubo - ngokungangabazeki igalelo elibaluleke kakhulu ku-violin repertoire.

Emidansweni yesi-Spanish, i-Sarasate idale ukushintshwa kwezinsimbi okumibalabala kwamashuni endabuko kuye, futhi enziwa ngokunambitheka okuthambile, umusa. Kusuka kubo - indlela eqondile eya kuma-miniatures aseGranados, Albeniz, de Falla. Amaphupho ngezithombe ezivela kokuthi “Carmen” ka-Bizet mhlawumbe iyincwadi ehamba phambili emhlabeni wonke ye-violin ohlotsheni lwamaphupho e-virtuoso akhethwe umqambi. Ingabekwa ngokuphepha ngokulingana nemicabango ecacile yePaganini, Venyavsky, Ernst.

USarasate wayengumdlali we-violinist wokuqala ukudlala kwakhe kwabhalwa kumarekhodi e-gramophone; wenza i-Prelude evela ku-E-major partita ka-J.-S. U-Bach we-violin eyedwa, kanye nesingeniso kanye ne-tarantella yokwakheka kwakhe.

USarasate wayengenawo umndeni futhi empeleni wanikela impilo yakhe yonke ku-violin. Yiqiniso, wayenothando lokuqoqa. Izinto emaqoqweni akhe zazihlekisa kakhulu. I-Sarasate futhi kulolu thando yayibonakala njengengane enkulu. Wayethanda ukuqoqa ... izinduku zokuhamba (!); izinti eziqoqiwe, ezihlotshiswe ngezinduku zegolide futhi zihuqwe ngamatshe ayigugu, izinto zakudala ezibalulekile kanye nama-gizmos asendulo. Ushiye ingcebo elinganiselwa ku-3000000 francs.

USarasate washonela e-Biarritz ngo-September 20, 1908, eneminyaka engu-64 ubudala. IParis neMadrid Conservatories ngayinye yathola amafranc ayi-10; ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye wabo i-violin Stradivarius. Inani elikhulu belibekelwe izindondo kubaculi. U-Sarasate unikele ngeqoqo lakhe lobuciko elihle edolobheni langakubo e-Pamplona.

L. Raaben