Glissando |

I-Glissando (i-Italian glissando, kusukela ku-French glisser - kuya ku-slide) iyindlela ekhethekile yokudlala, ehlanganisa ukushelela umunwe eduze kwezintambo noma okhiye bomculo. ithuluzi. Ngokungafani ne-portamento, okuyindlela yokuveza. ukusebenza, okungalungiswanga umqambi kumbhalo womculo futhi okuvame ukubizwa ngephutha ngokuthi G., empeleni u-G. ugxiliswe ekubhaleni okujulukile, okumelela ingxenye ebalulekile yombhalo womculo. Ku-fp. Igeyimu ka-G. ifinyelelwa ngokuslayida uhlangothi olungaphandle lwe-nail phalanx yesithupha noma umunwe wesithathu (imvamisa esesandleni sokudla) ngokhiye abamhlophe noma abamnyama. Ekukhiqizeni izinsimbi zekhibhodi i-G. iqala ukutholakala ngesi-French. umqambi u-JB Moreau eqoqweni lakhe. “Incwadi yokuqala yezingcezu ze-harpsichord” (“Premier livre pièces de clavecin”, 3). Ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile. ubunzima buvezwa ukubulawa ku-fp. G. yokulandelana okunjengesikali kwamanothi akabili (ingxenye yesithathu, isithupha, i-octave) ngesandla esisodwa (ngendawo yayo egxilile), edinga ukuslayida kanyekanye kweminwe emibili kokhiye (lolu hlobo lwe-G. luphinde lwenziwa ngezandla ezimbili) .

G. yenziwa kalula kupiyano. amadizayini amadala anokuphenduleka kakhudlwana, okubizwa kanjalo. Imishini yaseVienna. Mhlawumbe yingakho u-G. ku-parallel sixths wayesevele esetshenziswa ngu-WA ​​Mozart (izinguquko ze-"Lison dormant"). Izikali ze-Octave zitholakala ku-L. Beethoven (Concerto in C Major, Sonata op. 53), KM Weber (“Concertpiece”, op. 79), G. kwezintathu namaquarts ku-M. Ravel (“Mirrors”) nezinye

Uma kumathuluzi ekhibhodi anesistimu yawo epholile, ngosizo lwe-G., isikali esine-pitch ethile sikhishwa, khona-ke kumathuluzi aqoshiwe, lapho uhlelo lwamahhala luyisici, ngokusebenzisa i-G., i-chromatic ikhishwa. ukulandelana kwemisindo, nge-swarm, ukusebenza okuqondile kwama-semitones akudingekile (inqubo yeminwe akufanele ihlanganiswe ne-g. ezinsimbini ezikhotheme - ukusebenza kwesikali se-chromatic ngokuslayida umunwe). Ngakho-ke, inani le-g. lapho udlala izinsimbi ezikhotheme Ch. ar. kumphumela wemibala. Ukusebenza kuka-G. kwezindima ezithile kumathuluzi akhothame, ngaphandle kwechromatic. isikali, singenzeka kuphela uma udlala ngama-harmonics. Esinye sezibonelo zakuqala zika-G. ezinsimbini ezikhotheme singesi-Italian. umqambi u-K. Farina (ku-"An Extraordinary Capriccio", "Capriccio stravagante", 1627, ye-skr. solo), esebenzisa u-G. njengemvelo. ethola umsindo. Ku-G. yakudala cishe ayitholakali emculweni wezinsimbi ezikhotheme (isimo esingajwayelekile sika-G. ekhuphuka ngokulandelana kwechromatic ngama-octave kukhodi yengxenye yokuqala yekhonsathi ka-A. Dvorak). Njengendlela yokudlala i-virtuoso ekhaliphile, i-guerilla yayisetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini ebhalwe abaviyolin be-Romantic nama-cellists. izikhombisi-ndlela (G. Venyavsky, A. Vyotan, P. Sarasate, F. Servais, nabanye). I-G. isetshenziswa ngokuhlukile ikakhulukazi njengombala we-timbre emculweni. izincwadi zekhulu lama-1 zezinsimbi ezikhotheme futhi njengomdwebi wombala. ukwamukela ku-orchestration (SS Prokofiev - Scherzo kusukela ekhonsathini yokuqala ye-violin; K. Shimanovsky - amakhonsathi nezingcezu ze-violin; M. Ravel - Rhapsody "Gypsy" ye-violin; Z. Kodaly - G. amaculo ku-sonata ye-solo, u-G . amaviyolini namabhesi akabili ku-“Spanish Rhapsody” ka-Ravel). Esinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu ze-G. vlch. iqukethwe engxenyeni yesi-20 ye-sonata ye-VC. kanye fp. DD Shostakovich. Indlela ekhethekile yi-G. flageolets, isibonelo. cellos nguNA Rimsky-Korsakov (“Ubusuku Ngaphambi kukaKhisimusi”), VV Shcherbachev (1nd symphony), Ravel (“Daphnis and Chloe”), violas kanye nabadala. MO Steinberg (“Metamorphoses”) nabanye.

I-G. iyindlela esabalele ekudlaleni ihabhu le-pedal, lapho yathola ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile kakhulu (emisebenzini yabaqambi bengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lokuqala, igama lesiNtaliyane elithi sdrucciolando lalivame ukusetshenziswa). I-Apfic G. ivamise ukwakhiwa emisindweni yamachords esikhombisa (okuhlanganisa nawo anciphile; kancane kancane emisindweni engezona izingoma). Uma udlala i-G., zonke izintambo zehabhu, ngosizo lokuhlelwa kabusha kwe-otd. imisindo, nikeza umsindo walawo manothi kuphela afakwe ku-chord enikeziwe. Ngokunyakaza okuya phansi, i-G. kuhabhu yenziwa ngomunwe wokuqala ugobe kancane, ngokukhuphuka - ngesibili (isandla esisodwa noma ezimbili ekuguquguqukeni, ukuphambuka nokuwela ukunyakaza kwezandla). I-G. ngezikhathi ezithile isetshenziswa ekulandeleni okufana ne-gamma.

G. isetshenziswa uma kudlalwa imimoya yethusi. izinsimbi – ku-trombone ngosizo lokunyakaza kwe-backstage (isibonelo, i-trombone solo ku-“Pulcinella” ka-IF Stravinsky), icilongo, ezinsimbini ezishaywayo (ngokwesibonelo, G. pedal timpani kokuthi “Umculo wezinsimbi ezikhotheme, ukushaywa kanye ne-celesta” B . Bartok).

G. isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-folk instr. lengiswa. (Isitayela se-Verbunkosh), i-rum. kanye nesikhunta. umculo, kanye ne-jazz. Embhalweni ka-G. womculo, imisindo yokuqala neyokugcina kuphela yendima evame ukucashunwa, imisindo ephakathi nendawo ithathelwa indawo udwi noma umugqa we-wavy.