Ukulandelana |

Late Lat. sequentia, lit. - okulandelayo okulandelayo, kusukela ku-lat. ukulandela - ukulandela

1) Uhlobo lwekhulu eliphakathi. monody, ihubo elihlatshelelwa emxukwini ngemva kwe-Aleluya ngaphambi kokufundwa kweVangeli. Umsuka wegama elithi “S.” okuhlotshaniswa nesiko lokwandisa ingoma ethi Alleluia, kwenezela kulo ukujabula kwenjabulo (jubelus) onkamisa u-a – e – u – i – a (ikakhulukazi kowokugcina). I-jubilee eyengeziwe (sequetur jubilatio), ekuqaleni eyayingenambhalo, kamuva yaqanjwa ngokuthi S. Ukuba yisithako (njengezwi elithi “cadenza”), u-S. wuhlobo lomkhondo. Ukucaciswa kwe-S., okuyihlukanisa endleleni evamile, ukuthi izimele ngokuqhathaniswa. isigaba esenza umsebenzi wokukhulisa ingoma yangaphambilini. Ithuthuka phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, i-jubilation-S. wathola umumo ohlukahlukene. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene ze-S.: eyoku-1 engeyona engokombhalo (engabizwa ngo-S.; ngokwemibandela - kuze kube ikhulu lesi-9), eyesibili - enombhalo (kusukela ekhulwini lesi-2; empeleni S.). Ukubonakala kwesikhumbuzo sokufaka kubhekisela cishe ekhulwini lesi-4, inkathi yokuguqulwa kobuKristu bube yisimo. inkolo (eByzantium ngaphansi koMbusi uConstantine); khona-ke ijubili laba nesimilo esijabulayo. Lapha, ngokokuqala ngqá, ukucula (umculo) kwathola okwangaphakathi. inkululeko, ukuphuma ekuthobeleni umbhalo womlomo (isici esingeziwe somculo) nesigqi, esasisekelwe kumdanso. noma imasha. “Lowo ozitika ngokujabula akakhulumi amazwi: leli yizwi lomoya elincibilika ngenjabulo…,” kusho u-Augustine. Ifomu C. ngombhalo wasakazekela eYurophu engxenyeni yesi-2. 9 ku. ngaphansi kwethonya labaculi baseByzantine (nabaseBulgaria?) (ngokuka-A. Gastue, 1911, esandleni. C. kukhona izinkomba: graeca, bulgarica). S., okubangelwa ukufakwa esikhundleni kombhalo wesikhumbuzo. chant, iphinde yathola igama elithi “prose” (ngokuvumelana nenye yezinguqulo, igama elithi “prose” livela embhalweni ongaphansi kwesihloko esithi pro sg = pro sequentia, okungukuthi iphrozi). e. “esikhundleni sokulandelana”; I-French pro seprose; Nokho, le ncazelo ayivumelani neze nezinkulumo ezivamile ngokulinganayo: i-prosa cum sequentia – “prose with a sequent”, i-prosa ad sequentiam, sequentia cum prosa – lapha “iphrozi” ihunyushwa njengombhalo oya ngokulandelana). Ukwandiswa kwejubile melisma, ikakhulukazi egcizelela i-melodic. ekuqaleni, yayibizwa ngokuthi i-longissima melodia. Esinye sezizathu ezenze ukuthi kushintshwe umbhalo wosuku lokugubha usuku kwakuyizindlela. ubunzima bokukhumbula “umculo omude kakhulu”. Ukusungula ifomu C. okubangelwa indela evela esigodlweni sezindela saseSt. Gallen (eSwitzerland, eduze neLake Constance) Notker Zaika. Esanduleleni seNcwadi Yezingoma (Liber Ymnorum, c. 860-887), uNotiker ngokwakhe ukhuluma ngomlando we-S. uhlobo: kwafika indela eSt. Gallen ovela endlini yangasese ecekeleke phansi yaseJumiège (eSeine, eduze naseRouen), odlulise ukwaziswa ngo-S. eSt. AmaGaleniya. Ngokweseluleko sikathisha wakhe, u-Iso Notker wabhala umbhalo waphansi wezinsuku zesikhumbuzo ngokwesilabhasi. umgomo (uhlamvu olulodwa ngomsindo womculo). Lokhu bekuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokucacisa kanye nokulungisa "imiculo emide kakhulu", okungukuthi ngoba indlela yomculo eyayihamba phambili ngaleso sikhathi. ukuphawula kwakungaphelele. Okulandelayo, u-Notker waqhubeka nokuqamba uchungechunge lwe-S. “ngokulingisa” izingoma zalolu hlobo ezaziwa nguye. Isazi-mlando. ukubaluleka kwendlela ye-Notker ukuthi isonto. abaculi nabahlabeleli okokuqala ngqa bathole ithuba lokuzakhela entsha. umculo (Nestler, 1962, p. 63).

(Kungase kube nezinye izinhlobo zesakhiwo sika-C.)

Ifomu lalisekelwe emavesini akabili (bc, de, fg, …), imigqa yawo elingana ncamashi noma ecishe ilingane ngobude (inothi elilodwa – uhlamvu olulodwa), ngezinye izikhathi ehlobene nokuqukethwe; amapheya emigqa avame ukuhlukana. Okuphawuleka kakhulu ukuxhumana oku-arched phakathi kwazo zonke (noma cishe zonke) iziphetho ze-Muses. imigqa - kungaba ngomsindo ofanayo, noma ivale naleyo efanayo. ama-turnover.

Umbhalo ka-Notker awunamvumelwano, okuyinto evamile enkathini yokuqala ekuthuthukisweni kwe-S. (ikhulu le-9-10). Enkathini kaNotker, ukucula kwase kuculwa kakade ngekhorasi, nge-antiphonally (futhi nangamazwi ashintshanayo abafana nabesilisa) “ukuze kubonakale ngeso lengqondo imvume yabo bonke othandweni” (UDurandus, wekhulu le-13). Isakhiwo sika-S siyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komculo. ukucabanga (bheka uNestler, 1962, amakhasi 65-66). Kanye ne-Liturgical S. kwakukhona ne-extraliturgical. okwezwe (ngesiLatini; ngezinye izikhathi nge-instr. accompaniment).

Kamuva i-S. yahlukaniswa yaba izinhlobo ezi-2: entshonalanga (Provence, enyakatho yeFrance, eNgilandi) nasempumalanga (eJalimane ne-Italy); phakathi kwamasampuli

I-Hotker. Ukulandelana.

i-polyphony yokuqala iyatholakala futhi ku-S. (S. Rex coeli domine in Musica enchiriadis, ikhulu lesishiyagalolunye). S. waba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlobo ezithile zezwe (estampie, Leich). Umbhalo ka-S uba nemvumelwano. Isigaba sesibili sokuziphendukela kwemvelo kuka-S saqala ngekhulu lesi-9. (ummeleli oyinhloko ungumbhali we-"prose" edumile u-Adam ovela ku-abbey yaseParis yaseSaint-Victor). Ngokwesimo, ama-syllables afanayo asondela eculweni (ngaphezu kwama-syllabics nemilolozelo, kukhona imitha evesini, ukwakheka kwezikhathi ezithile, nama-cadences emvumelwano). Nokho, iculo lehubo liyafana kuzo zonke izitanza, kanti ku-S. lihlotshaniswa nezigaba ezimbili.

Istanza sehubo ngokuvamile sinemigqa emi-4, kanti i-S. ine-3; ngokungafani neculo, i-S. ihloselwe ubuningi, hhayi i-offio. Isikhathi sokugcina sokuthuthukiswa kwe-S. (ikhulu le-13-14) saphawulwa ithonya elinamandla lokungewona ama-liturgical. izinhlobo zezingoma zesintu. Isinqumo soMkhandlu WaseTrent (1545-63) esivela esontweni. Izinkonzo zaxoshwa cishe kuwo wonke ama-S., ngaphandle kwezine: I-Easter S. “Victimae paschali laudes” (umbhalo, futhi mhlawumbe nomculo—i-Vipo yaseBurgundy, ingxenye yokuqala yekhulu le-1; K. Parrish, J. Ole, p. 11-12, kusukela kulo mculo, cishe kusukela ekhulwini le-13, kwavela ingoma yomculo edumile ethi “Christus ist erstanden”); S. ngomkhosi kaZiqu-zintathu "i-Veni sancte spiritus", okuthiwa ngu-S. Langton (d. 13) noma uPapa Innocent III; S. yomkhosi woMzimba weNkosi “Lauda Sion Salvatorem” (umbhalo kaThomas Aquinas, c. 1228; lo mculo ekuqaleni wawuhlotshaniswa nombhalo womunye u-S. – “Laudes Crucis attolamus”, othiwa u-Adam waseSt. . UVictor, eyasetshenziswa uP. Hindemith kuyi-opera ethi “Artist Mathis” nakuyi-symphony yegama elifanayo); S. kusesekuseni. ngo-1263 c. I-Doomsday Dies irae, ca. 13? (njengengxenye yeRequiem; ngokwesahluko 1200 sencwadi yomprofethi uZefaniya). Kamuva, u-S wesihlanu wangeniswa, edilini lezinsizi Eziyisikhombisa zikaMariya - Stabat Mater, 1nd floor. ngo-2 c. (ubunikazi bombhalo akwaziwa: Bonaventure?, Jacopone da Todi?; melody by D. Josiz - D. Jausions, d. 13 noma 1868).

Bona i-Notker.

2) Emfundisweni ye-S. ukuvumelana (i-German Sequenze, i-French marche harmonique, i-progression, i-Italian progressione, ukulandelana kwesiNgisi) - ukuphindaphinda kwe-melodic. isisusa noma i-harmonic. inzuzo ngobude obuhlukile (kusuka esinyathelweni esihlukile, ngokhiye ohlukile), kulandela ngokushesha ngemva kokwenziwa kokuqala njengokuqhubeka kwayo ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile ukulandelana konke kwe-naz. S., kanye nezingxenye zayo - izixhumanisi S. Isisusa se-harmonic S. ngokuvamile siqukethe okubili noma ngaphezulu. ukuvumelana emisebenzini elula. ubudlelwano. Isikhawu lapho ukwakhiwa kokuqala kuguqulwa khona kubizwa. Isinyathelo S. (amashifu avamile ngokwesibili, okwesithathu, okwesine phansi noma phezulu, kancane kakhulu ngezinye izikhawu; isinyathelo singashintsha, isibonelo, okokuqala ngesibili, bese kuba ngokwesithathu). Ngenxa yobuningi bokuguquguquka okuyiqiniso kusistimu yethoni enkulu-encane, kuvame ukuba nokwehla kuka-S ngemizuzwana, isixhumanisi sakhona esiqukethe amachodi amabili esilinganisweni esiphansi sesihlanu (esiyiqiniso). Kuyiqiniso elinjalo (ngokusho kwe-VO Berkov - “igolide”) u-S. usebenzisa wonke amadigri e-tonality ekuhambiseni phansi ingxenye yesihlanu (phezulu kokune):

I-GF Handel. I-Suite g-moll ye-harpsichord. I-Passacaglia.

I-S. enokunyakaza okuya phezulu kwezinhlanu (i-plagal) ayivamile (bheka, isibonelo, ukuhluka kwe-18 kwe-Rhapsody ka-Rachmaninov ethi Theme of Paganini, imigoqo 7-10: V-II, VI-III ku-Des-dur). Ingqikithi ye-S. ukunyakaza okuhambisanayo nokunomculo, ku-Krom amaphuzu ayo adlulele anenani elichazayo lokusebenza; phakathi kwezixhumanisi ezimaphakathi ze-S., imisebenzi eguquguqukayo ivelele.

Ama-S. ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa ngokwezimiso ezimbili - ngokomsebenzi wawo ekwakhiweni (intratonal - modulating) futhi ngokusho kwawo ukuthi k.-l. kusukela kumkhakha wesistimu yomsindo (i-diatonic - chromatic): I. I-Monotonal (noma i-tonal; futhi isistimu eyodwa) - i-diatonic ne-chromatic (enokuphambuka kanye nokubusa kwesibili, kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-chromatism); II. I-modulating (isistimu eminingi) - i-diatonic ne-chromatic. Ukulandelana kwe-chromatic yethoni eyodwa (ngokuchezuka) phakathi nenkathi kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukumodela (ngokusho kokhiye abahlobene), okungelona iqiniso (U-VO Verkov waphawula kahle ukuthi “ukulandelana ngokuchezuka kuwukulandelana kwethoni”). Amasampula ahlukahlukene. izinhlobo ze-S .: i-diatonic yethoni eyodwa - "Julayi" kusukela ku-"The Seasons" ka-Tchaikovsky (imigoqo 7-10); i-chromatic yethoni eyodwa - isingeniso se-opera "Eugene Onegin" kaTchaikovsky (imigoqo 1-2); ukulungisa i-diatonic – isandulela ku-d-moll kusuka kuvolumu I ye-Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier (imigoqo 2-3); i-modulating chromatic - ukuthuthukiswa kwengxenye ye-I ye-symphony yesi-3 ka-Beethoven, imigoqo 178-187: c-cis-d; ukucaciswa kwengxenye I ye-symphony yesi-4 ka-Tchaikovsky, imigoqo 201-211: hea, adg. Ukuguqulwa kwe-Chromatic kokulandelana kwangempela kuvame ukubizwa kanjalo. "iketango elibusayo" (bheka, isibonelo, i-aria kaMarta evela esenzweni sesine se-opera ethi "The Tsar's Bride" kaRimsky-Korsakov, inombolo 205, imigoqo 6-8), lapho amandla adonsela phansi athambile. abalawuli besibili bathathelwa indawo yilabo abacijile be-chromatic (“amathoni okuvula ashintshayo”; bheka i-Tyulin, i-1966, iphe. 160; Sposobin, 1969, p. 23). Iketango elibusayo lingahamba womabili phakathi kokhiye owodwa onikeziwe (enkathini ethile; isibonelo, endikimbeni eseceleni ye-fantasy-overture ka-Tchaikovsky ethi “Romeo and Juliet”), noma ibe imodulating (ukuthuthukiswa kwesiphetho se-symphony ka-Mozart ku-g-moll, imigoqo 139-47, 126 -32). Ngokungeziwe kumibandela eyinhloko yokuhlukaniswa kwe-S., ezinye nazo zibalulekile, isibonelo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-S ku-melodic. kanye ne-chordal (ikakhulukazi, kungase kube khona ukungafani phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-melodic ne-chord S., ezihamba kanyekanye, isibonelo, ku-C-dur prelude kusukela ku-op. Shostakovich's.

I-S. iphinde isetshenziswe ngaphandle kwesistimu enkulu-encane. Ezimodini ezilinganayo, ukuphindaphinda okulandelanayo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngokuvamile kuba uhlobo olujwayelekile lokwethulwa kwesakhiwo se-modal (isibonelo, uhlelo olulodwa S. endaweni yokuthunjwa kukaLyudmila ku-opera ethi Ruslan noLyudmila - imisindo

kwi-solo ye-Stargazer evela ku-Golden Cockerel, inombolo yesi-6, imigoqo 2-9 - ama-chords

ukulungisa uhlelo lwe-multi-system S. kumsebenzi wesi-9. I-Sonata ngu-Scriabin, imigoqo 15-19). Emculweni wesimanje we-S. ucetshiswe ngamaculo amasha (ngokwesibonelo, i-polyharmonic modulating S. esihlokweni sephathi exhumanisayo yengxenye yesi-6 yepiyano yama-24 ye-Prokofiev's sonata, imigoqo 32-XNUMX).

Isimiso se-S. singazibonakalisa ngezikali ezihlukene: kwezinye izimo, i-S. isondela ekuhambisaneni kwe-melodic. noma i-harmonic. ama-revolutions, akha i-micro-C. (isb., “Ingoma Ye-Gypsy” evela ku-opera ka-Bizet ethi “Carmen” – melodic. S. ihlanganiswe nokuhambisana kwamaculo ahambisanayo – I-VII-VI-V; i-Presto kusonata sokuqala se-violin eyedwa ka-JS Bach, amabha 1 - 9: I-IV, VII-III, VI-II, V; Intermezzo op. 11 No 119 in h-moll by Brahms, imigoqo 1-1: I-IV, VII-III; Brahms iphenduka i-parallelism). Kwezinye izimo, isimiso se-S. sidlulela ekuphindaphindweni kwezakhiwo ezinkulu ezihluthulelweni ezahlukene kude, okwenza i-macro-S. (ngokwencazelo ye-BV Asafiev - "i-parallel conduction").

Ukwakheka okuyinhloko Inhloso ye-S. iwukudala umphumela wentuthuko, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukisweni, izingxenye ezixhumayo (ku-Handel's g-moll passacaglia, S. ihlotshaniswa nokwehla kwesici se-bass g – f – es – d yohlobo; lokhu uhlobo lwe-S. lungatholakala nakweminye imisebenzi yalolu hlobo).

S. njengendlela yokuphinda izingoma ezincane. amayunithi, ngokusobala, ibilokhu ikhona emculweni. Kwenye yezincwadi zesiGreki (Anonymous Bellermann I, bona uNajock D., Drei anonyme griechische Trackate über die Musik. Eine kommentierte Neuausgabe des Bellermannschen Anonymus, Göttingen, 1972) melodic. umfanekiso onesizo eliphezulu. umsindo ushiwo (ngokusobala, ngokwezinjongo zemfundo kanye nezendlela yokusebenza) ngendlela yezixhumanisi ezimbili S. – h1 – cis2 – h1 cis2 – d2 – cis2 (okufanayo kuse-Anonymous III, okukhona, njengo-S., esinye isibalo se-melodic. - vuka "izindlela eziningi"). Ngezikhathi ezithile, u-S. utholakala eculweni likaGregory, isibonelo. endaweni yokunikezwayo ethi Populum (amathoni angu-V), v. 2:

S. kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa eculweni lika-prof. umculo weNkathi Ephakathi kanye neRenaissance. Njengendlela ekhethekile yokuphindaphinda, ama-sequin asetshenziswa ngabaphathi besikole saseParis (i-12th kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13); emazwini amathathu kancane kancane "Benedicta" S. endleleni yokushintshana ngezwi kwenzeka endaweni yesitho sezwi eliphansi eliqhubekayo (Yu. Khominsky, 1975, pp. 147-48). Ngokusabalala kobuchwepheshe be-canonical yavela futhi i-canonical. S. (“Patrem” by Bertolino of Padua, imigoqo 183-91; bheka Khominsky Yu., 1975, pp. 396-397). Izimiso ze-polyphony yesitayela esiqinile yekhulu le-15-16. (ikakhulukazi phakathi kwePalestrina) kunalokho iqondiswe ngokumelene nokuphindaphinda okulula futhi S. (futhi ukuphindaphinda ekuphakameni okuhlukile kule nkathi ngokuyinhloko ukulingisa); noma kunjalo, i-S. isavamile e-Josquin Despres, J. Obrecht, N. Gombert (S. ingatholakala nase-Orlando Lasso, Palestrina). Emibhalweni yethiyori ka-S. kuvame ukucashunwa njengendlela yezikhawu ezihlelekile noma ukukhombisa umsindo wenzuzo ye-monophonic (noma ipholyphonic) emazingeni ahlukene ngokwesiko “lendlela yokwenza” yasendulo; bona, isibonelo, “Ars cantus mensurabilis” kaFranco waseCologne (ikhulu le-13; Gerbert, Scriptores…, t. 3, p. 14a), “De musica mensurabili positio” ka-J. de Garlandia (Coussemaker, Scriptores…, t. . 1, ikhasi 108), “De cantu mensurabili” ka-Anonymus III (ibid., pp. 325b, 327a), njll.

S. ngomqondo omusha - njengoba ukulandelana kwamachords (ikakhulukazi ehla ngesihlanu) - sekusakazeke kabanzi kusukela ngekhulu le-17.

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Yu. N. Kholopov