Yiziphi izinhlobo zomculo ezikhona?

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomculo ezikhona? Isitayela somculo siwumqondo onekhono futhi onezici eziningi. Kungachazwa njengobunye obungokomfanekiso, isethi yezindlela zokuveza okuqukethwe kobuciko kanye nemibono kusetshenziswa ulimi lomculo.

Umqondo wesitayela somculo ubanzi kangangokuthi ukucaciswa kwawo kuyaziphakamisa: leli gama lisebenza kuzo zombili izinkathi ezihlukene, izinhlobo, ukunyakaza nezikole, kanye nakubaqambi ngabanye ngisho nabadlali. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zomculo ezikhona.

Isitayela senkathi

Umqondo wesitayela senkathi ugxile esicini somlando. Kunezigaba eziningi, ezinye zazo ezigqamisa izinkathi ezinkulu zomlando ekuthuthukisweni komculo (I-Renaissance, i-Baroque, i-classicism, isimanje, njll.), kanti abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, bahlukanisa umlando womculo ezikhathini ezincane ezikhonjwe ngaphambilini. ezinye iziyalo zomlando wobuciko (i-romantism, impressionism, isimanjemanje, njll.).

Isibonelo sakudala sesitayela sale nkathi umculo we-Baroque, izici eziyisici ezithakazelisa umhlaba wangaphakathi womuntu, idrama, ukuboniswa okuphambene kwamandla emvelo, ukuthuthukiswa komculo we-opera nomculo wezinsimbi (C. Monteverdi, A. Vivaldi, GF Handel).

Isitayela sohlobo

Isitayela sohlobo sibonisa okucacisiwe kokuqukethwe, amasu omculo nezici zezinhlobo ezithile zomculo, ezingahlukaniswa ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.

Ngakho-ke, umqondo wesitayela ufanelekile kakhulu kulezo zinhlobo lapho izici ezivame kakhulu zivezwa ngokucacile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezisekelwe emculweni wesintu (izingoma zamasiko ezihlukahlukene, imidanso yabantu), izingoma zesonto, nezothando.

Uma sithatha imisebenzi yamafomu amakhulu (i-opera, i-oratorio, i-symphony, njll.), khona-ke lapha futhi isitayela sohlobo sihlala sifundeka ngokucacile, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izitayela zenkathi, ukunyakaza kanye nesitayela sombhali kubekwe phezu kwayo. .

Kodwa uma umqambi efika nolunye uhlobo olusha, khona-ke kulesi simo izici zesitayela sohlobo kunzima ukusungula ngokushesha - ngenxa yalokhu, isikhathi kufanele sidlule, lapho kuzovela khona ezinye izenzo zohlobo olufanayo. Lokhu kwaba njalo, ngokwesibonelo, “ngezingoma ezingenamagama” zikaMendelssohn. Ngiyavuma, ingoma engavamile engenamagama, kodwa ngemva kwamasampula akhe angu-48 emidlalo yalolu hlobo, abanye abaqambi baqala ukubiza imidlalo yabo ngesibindi ngegama elifanayo.

Isitayela somculo

Isitayela sokunyakaza komculo sinokufana okuningi nesitayela senkathi: emva kwakho konke, ukunyakaza okuthile kubhekwa izazi zomculo njengezikhathi eziphelele zomculo.

Kodwa kukhona nezindawo lapho kungenzeka ukugqamisa ama-nuances wesitayela ahlukile kubo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isikole sakudala sase-Viennese (L. van Beethoven, J. Haydn, WA Mozart). Isiqondiso sakudala sibonakala ngobulula, ukucacisa, ulimi olucebile lwe-harmonic, nokuthuthukiswa okunemininingwane kwetimu.

Uma ukhuluma ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zomculo ezikhona, umuntu akanakuziba izici zezwe.

Isitayela sezwe

Isisekelo sesitayela somculo kazwelonke siyizinganekwane. Abaqambi abaningi abadumile bagqugquzelwa imiculo yesintu, beyihlanganisa endalweni yabo. Eminye imisebenzi inamagama ahambisanayo (ngokwesibonelo, ama-rhapsodies aseHungary ka-F. Liszt, “Imidanso yaseHungary” ka-J. Brahms, “Izingoma ZaseNorwegian Folk and Dances for Piano” ka-E. Grieg, “Aragonese Jota” ka-MI Glinka). Kwamanye, ama-folk motifs aba yizindikimba ezihamba phambili (isibonelo, “Bekunesihlahla se-birch ensimini” esiphethweni se-Fourth Symphony ka-PI Tchaikovsky).

Uma sisondela embuzweni wokuthi yiziphi izitayela zomculo ezikhona, ngokombono wezikole zokuqamba, abaqambi ngabanye nabaculi, khona-ke singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izitayela zomculo eziningana.

Isitayela sokuhlanganisa umqambi

Uma isikole sokuqamba sibonakala ngezinga eliphezulu lokufana kwamasu obuciko, khona-ke kunengqondo ukugqamisa isitayela esitholakala kulesi sikole.

Singakhuluma ngezitayela zezikole ze-polyphonic ze-Renaissance, izitayela zezikole ezihlukahlukene ze-opera yase-Italy zekhulu le-17, noma izitayela zezikole zezinsimbi zekhulu le-17-18.

Emculweni waseRussia wekhulu le-19 kwakukhona nenhlangano yokudala yabaqambi - abadumile "Isandla Esinamandla". Ukufana kwesitayela phakathi kwabaqambi abafakwe kuleli qembu kwabonakaliswa emgqeni owodwa wokuthuthuka, ukukhethwa kwezihloko, nokuthembela kumlando womculo waseRussia.

Isitayela somqambi ngamunye

Isitayela somqambi siwumqondo okulula ukuwucacisa, ngoba umsebenzi wanoma yimuphi umqambi unqunyelwe esikhathini esifushane uma kuqhathaniswa namathrendi athile enkathi yomculo. Ngakho, ngokoqobo ngamabha okuqala ungakwazi ukubona, isibonelo, umculo weMozart noma uRossini.

Ngokwemvelo, umqambi, njenganoma yimuphi umuntu, uyashintsha kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, futhi lokhu kushiya umbono wesitayela somsebenzi wakhe. Kodwa ezinye izici zesitayela azikashintshi, zingokwemvelo kuye kuphela, futhi ziwuhlobo "lwekhadi lokushayela" lombhali.

Isitayela sokwenza

Ubuciko bokwenziwa busekelwe endleleni yokwenziwa komuntu ngamunye yomculi, ohumusha inhloso yomqambi ngendlela yakhe. Isitayela sokwenza sibonakala ekubaleni ngokomzwelo kokusebenza kwemisebenzi yombhali othile.

Izibonelo ezicacile lapha yilabo abaqambi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ababengabaculi be-virtuoso. Lokhu kuhlanganisa u-Niccolo Paganini, owamangaza izilaleli ngesu lakhe elihle kanye namasu angajwayelekile okudlala i-violin, kanye nomshayi wopiyano okhaliphile u-Sergei Rachmaninov, iqhawe langempela lomculo, owabeka uhlaka lomculo ngaphansi kwephethini eqinile yesigqi.

Nazi izitayela ezahlukene zomculo. Lolu hlu, yiqiniso, lungalekelelwa ngokuhlukaniswa kwezinye izizathu, njengoba ifa lomhlaba lomculo likhulu futhi lihlukahlukene.