Ibhendi yethusi yezempi: ukunqoba kokuzwana namandla

Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, amabhendi ethusi ezempi adale umoya okhethekile emikhosini, emikhosini yokubaluleka kwezwe kanye nezinye izenzakalo eziningi. Umculo odlalwa i-orchestra enjalo ungadakisa wonke umuntu ngomkhosi wawo okhethekile.

Ibhendi yethusi yezempi iyi-orchestra evamile yeyunithi yezempi, iqembu labadlali abadlala izinsimbi zomoya nezishaywayo. I-orchestra ye-orchestra ihlanganisa, yiqiniso, umculo wezempi, kodwa hhayi kuphela: uma wenziwa ukwakheka okunjalo, ama-waltzes we-lyrical, izingoma, ngisho ne-jazz inomsindo omuhle! Le orchestra ayenzi nje kuphela kuma-parade, emikhosini, emasikweni ezempi, nangesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwamasosha, kodwa futhi nasemakhonsathini futhi ngokuvamile ezimweni ezingalindelekile (ngokwesibonelo, epaki).

Kusukela emlandweni webhande lethusi lezempi

Amaqembu ethusi okuqala ezempi akhiwa enkathini ephakathi. E-Russia, umculo wezempi unendawo ekhethekile. Umlando wayo ocebile uhlehlela emuva ku-1547, lapho, ngomyalo kaTsar Ivan the Terrible, ibhendi yokuqala yezempi yethusi yasenkantolo yavela eRussia.

EYurophu, amaqembu ethusi ezempi afinyelela phezulu ngaphansi kukaNapoleon, kodwa ngisho noBonaparte ngokwakhe wavuma ukuthi unezitha ezimbili zaseRussia - amaqhwa nomculo wezempi waseRussia. Lawa mazwi aphinde afakazele ukuthi umculo wezempi waseRussia uyinto eyingqayizivele.

UPeter I wayezithanda ngokukhethekile izinsimbi ezifuthwayo. Wayala othisha abavelele baseJalimane ukuba bafundise amasosha ukudlala izinsimbi.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-70, iRussia yayivele inenani elikhulu lamabhande ethusi ezempi, futhi ngaphansi kokubusa kwamaSoviet baqala ukuthuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo. Babedume kakhulu ngeminyaka yama-XNUMXs. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-repertoire yanda ngokuphawulekayo, futhi izincwadi eziningi ze-methodological zanyatheliswa.

repertoire

Amabhendi e-Military Brass ekhulwini le-18 ahlushwa ukutholakala komculo okwanele. Njengoba ngaleso sikhathi abaqambi babengawubhali umculo wezingoma zomoya, kwakudingeka benze imibhalo yezingoma zama-symphonic.

Ngekhulu le-1909, umculo wamabhendi ethusi wabhalwa ngu-G. Berlioz, A. Schoenberg, A. Roussel nabanye abaqambi. Futhi ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, abaqambi abaningi baqala ukubhala umculo wama-ensembles omoya. Ngo-XNUMX, umqambi oyiNgisi uGustav Holst wabhala umsebenzi wokuqala oqondene nebhendi yethusi lezempi.

Ukwakhiwa kwebhendi yesimanje yezempi yethusi

Amabhendi ethusi ezempi angaqukatha kuphela izinsimbi zethusi nezinsimbi zomculo (bese zibizwa ngokuthi i-homogeneous), kodwa zingafaka nemimoya yokhuni (bese ibizwa ngokuthi ingxube). Inguqulo yokuqala yokuqamba manje isiyivelakancane kakhulu; inguqulo yesibili yokwakhiwa kwezinsimbi zomculo ivame kakhulu.

Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezintathu zebhande lethusi elixubile: elincane, eliphakathi nendawo nelinkulu. I-orchestra encane inabaculi abangu-20, kuyilapho isilinganiso singu-30, kanti i-orchestra enkulu inabangu-42 noma ngaphezulu.

Izinsimbi zomculo we-Woodwind ku-orchestra zifaka imitshingo, ama-oboes (ngaphandle kwe-alto), zonke izinhlobo zama-clarinets, ama-saxophone nama-bassoon.

Futhi, ukunambitheka okukhethekile kwe-orchestra kwenziwa izinsimbi zethusi ezifana namacilongo, ama-tubas, izimpondo, ama-trombones, ama-altos, amacilongo e-tenor nama-baritones. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi altos futhi tenors (izinhlobonhlobo saxhorns), kanye baritones (izinhlobo tuba) atholakala kuphela bands zethusi, okungukuthi, lezi zinsimbi azisetshenziswa symphony orchestra.

Alikho ibhande lethusi lezempi elingakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwezinsimbi ezishaywayo njengezigubhu ezincane nezinkulu, i-timpani, amasimbali, onxantathu, ithamborini nethamborini.

Ukuhola iqembu lezempi kuwudumo olukhethekile

I-orchestra yezempi, njenganoma iyiphi enye, ilawulwa umqhubi. Ngithanda ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi indawo yomqhubi maqondana namalungu e-orchestra ingahluka. Isibonelo, uma ukusebenza kwenzeka epaki, khona-ke umqhubi uthatha indawo yendabuko - ebhekene ne-orchestra futhi efulathele izethameli. Kodwa uma i-orchestra idlala embukisweni, khona-ke umqhubi uhamba ngaphambi kwamalungu e-orchestra futhi uphethe ezandleni zakhe imfanelo edingekayo kuwo wonke umbhidisi wezempi - isigxobo sethambori. Umbhidisi oqondisa abaculi kulo mbukiso ubizwa nge-drum major.