Forshlag |

I-German Vorschlag, i-italy. appoggiatura, French port de voix appoggiatur

Uhlobo lwe-melismas (imihlobiso yomculo); ukuhlobisa umsindo osizayo noma iqoqo lemisindo ngaphambi komsindo oyinhloko, ohlotshisiwe. Kuboniswa ngamanothi amancane futhi akunakwa uma kunesigqi. ukuqoqa amanothi ngesilinganiso. Hlukanisa okufushane nobude F. Okufushane kuvame ukubhalwa ngendlela yesishiyagalombili ngokuzola okuphambene. Emculweni wama-Viennese classics, i-F emfushane ngezinye izikhathi yenziwa isikhathi esiqinile somsindo ohlotshisiwe, kodwa kafushane. Kamuva, i-F. emfushane yenziwa bh ngezindleko zesabelo sangaphambilini, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kwesikhathi esiqinile somsindo ohlotshisiwe. U-F omude empeleni uyisiboshwa. Kubhalwe ngenothi elincane ngokuzola okunganqamuki futhi kwenziwa ngezindleko zesikhathi esikhulu. umsindo, uthatha ingxenye yesikhathi sawo isikhathi esinezingxenye ezimbili, kanye nengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu, ngezinye izikhathi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu, isikhathi esiyizingxenye ezintathu. Isikhathi eside F. ngaphambi kwenothi, eliphinda liphindwe, ku-classic. nomculo wothando wakuqala wawuthatha isikhathi sawo sonke. F., ehlanganisa amaningana. imisindo, iqoshwa ngamanothi amancane ayi-16 noma angama-32.

I-prototype ye-F. iwuphawu lweNkathi Ephakathi. umbhalo womculo, ochaza iculo elikhethekile. umhlobiso kanye negama elithi "plika" (i-plica, kusukela ku-lat. plico - ngiyangeza). Lo mhlobiso uqhamuke ezimpawini ezisetshenziswa ekubhaleni okungaphoqelekile

, okwakha isisekelo "se-plica ascendens"

(“i-plica ekhuphukayo”) kanye nokuthi “i-plica yehla”

(“i-plique eyehlayo”). Lezi zimpawu bezisho ukulandelana kokwenyukayo nokwehla kwemisindo emide nemifushane (imvamisa ngesilinganiso sesibili). Kamuva, ngokusebenzisa i-The shapes of the plique sign yaqala ukukhomba ubude bemisindo yayo. F. ngomqondo wesimanje uvele esitezi sokuqala. Ikhulu le-1 Akazange aboniswe njalo kumanothi; ngokuvamile, njengeminye imihlobiso, umculi wethula ngokuvumelana neyakhe. ukuqonda. F. kwakusho u-Ch. ar. enza melodic. sebenza umsindo ongacindezelwe ngaphambi kokwehla. F. kusuka ngezansi kwakuvame kakhulu kunoF. kusuka phezulu; zombili lezi zigaba zazihluke kakhulu. F. ngezansi (i-French port de voix kanye nommangali we-accont emculweni we-lute, isigqi sesiNgisi, i-half-beat kanye ne-fore-fall) kuboniswe ngokhefana omatasa, ohlanekezelwe, ukusika, nezinye izimpawu. Ekuqaleni, kwenziwa ngezindleko zomsindo odlule.

F. nomsindo oyilandelayo wawuxhunywe ne-stroke ye-portamento noma i-legeto; ezintanjeni. izinsimbi, babala ukunyakaza okukodwa komnsalo, ekuculeni - kuhlamvu olulodwa. Kamuva, emculweni we-lute nasemculweni wezinsimbi zekhibhodi, u-F. waqala ukudlalwa isikhathi esiqinile kulandela inothi. F. kusuka phezulu (i-French coulé, chute, cheute, coulement, port de voix generationant, English back-fall) yayibhekwa njengomsindo odlulayo lapho ingoma ihamba ngevolumu yengxenye yesithathu; wenziwa kuphela ngaphambi komsindo awethula, futhi njalo ngaphandle kwe-portamento.

Ngekhulu le-18 isikhundla esivelele sasihlala u-F., esenziwa ngezindleko zesikhathi somsindo owethulwe nguye futhi omele uhlobo oluthile lokuboshwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uF. ovela phezulu waba ovamile; ukusetshenziswa kwe-F. kusuka ngezansi kwakunqunyelwe imithetho eqinile ("ukulungiselela" ngomsindo wangaphambilini, uxhumano nemisindo eyengeziwe yokuhlobisa eqinisekisa ukulungiswa "okulungile" kwe-dissonance, njll). Ubude be-F. ngokwayo bebuhlukanisiwe futhi u-bh abuhambisani nobude besikhathi senothi, eliqokiwe. Ku-Ser kuphela. Kwasungulwa imithetho yekhulu le-18 mayelana nezinhlobo ze-F. nobude bazo. Wonke ama-F ahlukaniswe ngokwezwi lokugcizelela nokudlulayo. Esokuqala sona sahlukaniswa saba mfushane futhi eside. Ngokuka-II Kvanz, i-F. ende yathatha u-2/3 wesikhathi sayo esikhathini esiyizingxenye ezintathu. Uma umsindo ohlotshisiwe ubulandelwa wukumiswa okwesikhashana noma inothi lesikhathi esifushane elixhunywe kuwo, i-F. ithatha sonke isikhathi sayo.

Ifushane F., ngesikhathi sokusebenza lapho isigqi esikhonjiswe kumanothi singashintshi, siboniswe ngamanothi amancane angu-16 noma angu-32 ( и kwase kuyindlela evamile yokubhala и ). F. yayihlale ithathwa njengemfushane uma umsindo ohlotshisiwe wenza i-dissonance ne-bass, kanye nezibalo eziphindaphinda umsindo kanye nesibalo; kwenziwa noma . I-Passing F. yasetshenziswa ezizukulwaneni ezi-2 - ihlanganiswe nomsindo olandelayo (ihambisana nokudlula kuka-F wekhulu le-17) futhi yahlanganiswa nomsindo wangaphambilini, obizwa. futhi “nachschlag” (isiJalimane: Nachschlag). Kwakukhona izinhlobo ezi-2 ze-nakhshlag – ryukschlag (isiJalimane: i-Rückschlag – igalelo elibuyayo; bheka inothi isibonelo, a) kanye ne-uberschlag (isiJalimane: überschlag), noma i-uberwurf (isiJalimane: überwurf – igalelo lokuphonsa; bheka inothi isibonelo, b):

Okujwayelekile esitezi sesi-2. Ikhulu le-18 futhi kwakukhona i-F. ephindwe kabili (i-Anschlag yesiJalimane); yayinemisindo emi-2 ezungeze ithoni ehlotshisiwe. I-Double F. yaboniswa ngamanothi amancane futhi yenziwa isikhathi esiqinile. Kwakukhona izinhlobo ezi-2 ze-ph. – elifushane kwamanothi angu-2 obude obulinganayo nelide elinesigqi esinamachashazi:

Uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-F. kwakuyilokho okubizwa. isitimela (i-German Schleifer, i-French coulé, i-tierce coulée, i-coulement, i-port de voix ephindwe kabili, isilayidi sesiNgisi, kanye nokuphakama, i-back-fall ephindwe kabili, njll.) - P. kusukela ekulandelaneni kwesinyathelo okulandelanayo kwemisindo emi-2 noma ngaphezulu. Ekuqaleni, lapho kwenziwa izinsimbi zekhibhodi, umsindo oyinhloko F. wawunakekelwa:

Ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka uF. waqala ukubhalwa ngamanothi futhi kanjalo wanyamalala kancane kancane.

KV Gluck. "Iphigenia e-Aulis", isenzo II, isigcawu 2, No. 21. I-Recitative ye-Clytemnestra.

U-Short F. ngalesi sikhathi wayeselahlekelwe incazelo ye-melodic. isici futhi yaqala ukusetshenziselwa ukugcizelela umsindo olandelayo, kanye nesici. izinjongo (bheka, isibonelo, isifundo sekhonsathi ka-Liszt sepiyanoforte “I-Round Dance of the Dwarves”). Cishe kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka, wenziwa uCh. ar. ngomsindo olandelayo. Lapho wenza i-recitative ngo-18 nangaphambi kwesikhathi. Emakhulwini e-19 kwakuyisiko ukwethula u-F omude emisindweni ephindaphindwayo yephimbo elifanayo, nakuba umqambi engazange aboniswe (bheka ikholomu 915, isibonelo esingezansi).

Bheka Ukuhloba, i-Modus, I-Mensural notation.

VA Vakhromeev