Inkulumo |
kusukela kwelesiGreki elithi prasis – inkulumo, indlela yokukhuluma
1) Noma iyiphi inzuzo encane yomculo ephelele.
2) Esifundweni sefomu lomculo, ukwakhiwa okuthatha indawo ephakathi phakathi kwesisusa nomusho.
Imele iyunithi ehlukile yomculo. inkulumo, F. ihlukaniswa nezakhiwo ezingomakhelwane nge-caesura, evezwa ngomculo, ukuvumelana, i-metrorhythm, ukuthungwa, kodwa ihluke emishweni nezikhathi ngokuphelela okuncane kakhulu: uma umusho uphetha nge-harmonic ephinyiselwe ngokucacile. i-cadenza, bese kuba ngu-F. “ingaphela kunoma iyiphi i-chord nganoma iyiphi ibhesi” (IV Sposobin). Kuhlanganisa izisusa ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, kodwa futhi kungaba ukwakhiwa okuqhubekayo, okungahlukanisiwe noma okuhlukaniswe ngokwemibandela kuphela ngezisusa. Umusho wona, ungase ungahlanganisi u-2 F. kuphela, kodwa ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwawo, noma ungahlukaniswa ube ngu-F.
L. Beethoven. I-Sonata yepiyano, op. 7, ingxenye II.
Ukwakheka kwezisusa zemisho.
G. Rossini “The Barber of Seville”, act II, quintet.
Ukwakheka kwezisusa zemisho.
L. Beethoven. I-Sonata yepiyano, op. 10, No 1, ingxenye III.
Ngokombono we-psychology of perception, F., kuye ngesilinganiso nomongo, kungashiwo kuwo womabili amazinga okuqonda esikalini sokuqala (imisindo) kanye nesesibili (se-syntactic) (E. Nazaikinsky, 1972).
Igama elithi "F". yayibolekwe emfundisweni yokukhuluma ngomlomo ngekhulu le-18, lapho imibuzo yokuhlakazwa kwama-museum. amafomu athole ithiyori ebanzi. ukulungisiswa njengokuhlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwe-harmonic entsha ye-homophonic. isitayela, kanye nemisebenzi yokuzijwayeza ukwenza - isidingo somusho oqondile ozwakalayo. Lolu daba lwathola ukuphuthuma okuthile enkathini yeBaroque, ngoba. ebusayo kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-17. uk. umculo we-caesura usho. Isilinganiso sasinqunywa ukwakheka kombhalo, isiphetho senkulumo yomlomo (umugqa), yona, eyayihlotshaniswa nobude bengoma. ukuphefumula. Ku-instr. umculo, owathuthuka ngokushesha phakathi nekhulu le-17-18, umculi ezindabeni zemisho wayengathembela kuye kuphela. ubuciko. ubukhazikhazi.
L. Beethoven. I-Sonata yepiyano, op. 31. No 2, ingxenye III.
Ukwakheka kwezisusa zemisho.
MI Glinka. "Ivan Susanin", ingoma kaVanya.
Leli qiniso laphawulwa nguF. Couperin, okwathi esanduleleni sencwajana yesi-3 ethi “Pièces de Clavecin” (1722) waqale wasebenzisa igama elithi “F.” ukuqoka iyunithi encane yesakhiwo somculo. inkulumo, egcizelela ukuthi ingahlukaniswa ngokungaphezu kokumisa isikhashana, futhi yethule uhlamvu olukhethekile (') ukuhlukanisa imishwana. Ukuthuthukiswa kwethiyori okubanzi kwemibuzo yokuhlukaniswa kwamamuse. izinkulumo ezatholwa emisebenzini ka-I. Mattezona. “Isichazamazwi somculo” Ж. G. URousseau (R., 1768) uchaza uF. “njengenqubekelaphambili ye-harmonic engaphazamiseki noma yomculo enencazelo ephelele kakhulu noma encane futhi ephetha ngokuma endaweni ekahle kakhulu noma engaphansi efaneleke kakhulu”. FUTHI. Mattzon, I. A. AP Schultz kanye no-J. U-Kirnberger uzwakalise umbono wezigaba eziningana zokuhlanganisa izakhiwo kusukela ezincane kuya kwezinkulu. G. KUYA. U-Koch ubeke phambili izikhundla eziningi esakhiweni samamuse asephenduke akudala. inkulumo. Emisebenzini yakhe, ukunqunywa okunembe kakhudlwana kwamayunithi esikali amamuse kuvela. inkulumo nokuqwashisa ngokuhlukaniswa kwangaphakathi komusho wamabha angu-4 ekwakhiweni kwebha eyodwa encane kunazo zonke, ayibiza ngokuthi “unvollkommenen Einschnitten”, nezakhiwo ezinkulu ezinamabha amabili, ezakhiwe ngebha eyodwa, noma ezingahlukaniseki, ezichazwa ngokuthi “ vollkommenen Einschnitten”. Ngo-19 ku. ukuqonda F. njengesakhiwo samabha amabili, okuphakathi phakathi kwe-motif yebha eyodwa nomusho wamabha ama-4, kuba yisici samasiko. ithiyori yomculo (L. Busler, E. Iphrothothi, A. C. Arensky). Isiteji esisha ocwaningweni lwesakhiwo somculo. inkulumo ihlotshaniswa negama elithi X. Riemann, obeke imibuzo yokunqunywa kwayo ngokuseduze nohlelo lweminyuziyamu. izigqi namamethrikhi. Emisebenzini yakhe uF. okokuqala ngqa iphathwe njengemethrikhi. ubunye (iqembu lezinto ezimbili zebha eyodwa enebhithi eyodwa esindayo). Naphezu kokuqhubekela phambili komlando, imfundiso yokuqothula itholwe emisebenzini kaRiemann eminingana. umlingisi ongakhululekile kuhlangothi olulodwa kanye nenkolelo-mbono. Kusuka eRussia. ososayensi ngesakhiwo somculo. inkulumo inakwe uS. FUTHI. Taneev, G. L. Kathar, I. AT. Sopoyn, L. A. Mazel, Yu. N. Tyulin, W. A. Zuckerman. Emisebenzini yabo, njengasemiphethweni yesimanje. musicology, kube nokusuka ekuqondeni okuwumngcingo, kwemethrikhi ka-F. kanye nombono obanzi walo mqondo, osekelwe ekuqothulweni kwangempela kwempilo. Ngisho noTaneev noKatuar baveza ukuthi uF. ingase imele ukwakhiwa okungenakuhlukaniswa kwangaphakathi futhi ibe nesakhiwo esingesona isikwele (isibonelo, umjikelezo wesithathu). Njengoba kuboniswe emisebenzini kaTyulin, F. ingalandelana ngokulandelana, ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwezinga eliphezulu, okuyisici se-wok. umculo, kanye nezigaba zokuthuthukisa instr. umculo. T. o., ngokungafani nenkathi nesici semisho sokuchayeka, F. ziphenduke "indawo yonke", zingene kuwo wonke ama-muses. umkhiqizo. UMazel noZuckerman bakhulume ngokuvumelana no-F. njenge-thematic-syntax. ubunye; njenge-Tyulin, bagcizelele ukungagwemeki kwamacala lapho ubude begama le-muses enikeziwe. ingxenye, ungasebenzisa kokubili igama elithi “isizathu” kanye negama elithi “F.”. Izimo ezinjalo zivela lapho ukwakhiwa okuqhubekayo okunobude besilinganiso esingaphezu kwesisodwa kuyisigaba sokuqala sokuphimisa ngaphakathi komusho. Umehluko ulele endaweni yokubuka lesi simo esicatshangelwa kuso: igama elithi "isisusa" likhuluma esikhundleni somculo.
L. Beethoven. I-Sonata yepiyano, op. 106, ingxenye I.
References: Arensky A., Umhlahlandlela wokutadisha izinhlobo zomculo wezinsimbi kanye nezwi, M., 1893, 1921; Catuar G., Ifomu Lomculo, ingxenye 1, M., 1934; Sposobin I., Ifomu lomculo, M. – L., 1947, M., 1972; UMazel L., Isakhiwo semisebenzi yomculo, M., 1960, 1979; Tyulin Yu., Isakhiwo senkulumo yomculo, L., 1962; UMazel L., Zukkerman V., Ukuhlaziywa kwemisebenzi yomculo, M., 1967; Nazaikinsky K., Kwi-Psychology of Musical Perception, M., 1972.
IV Lavrentieva
