I-Sonorism

I-Sonorics, i-sonorics, i-sonoristics, i-sonoristic technique

kusuka ku-lat. i-sonorus - i-sonorous, i-sonorous, inomsindo; German Klangmusic; I-sonorystyka yasePoland

Uhlobo lwesu lesimanje lokuqamba lisebenzisa i-Ch. ar. imisindo emibalabala, ebonwa njengobude obungahlukanisiwe.

Ukucaciswa kuka-S. (njengokuthi “umculo we-sonorities”) ukuletha phambili umbala womsindo, kanye nezikhathi zoshintsho ukusuka kuthoni eyodwa noma ungwaqa uye kwenye. Ubuhlakani obuthile (phonism) buhlala bukhona emsindweni womculo, kokubili i-polyphonic (umbala wamaculo, ongwaqa abaqhamuka lapho beqhathaniswa futhi kuncike endaweni, irejista, i-timbre, isivinini sezinguquko ze-harmonic, izici zesakhiwo), kanye ne-monophonic. (ukufakwa imibala kwezikhawu ngokuphathelene nerejista, isigqi, izici zesakhiwo), nokho, ekuwohlokeni. izitayela, izibonakalisa (ikakhulukazi iyazimela) hhayi ngezinga elifanayo, elincike embonweni jikelele kanye nobuciko. isiqondiso somculo. ubuciko, ingxenye evela ku-nat. imvelaphi yesitayela. Izinto zokuhunyushwa kwe-sonoristic zokuvumelana ziye zathuthukiswa emculweni kusukela ngekhulu le-19. mayelana nesifiso sokuqina kanye nesiqiniseko somzimba wamamuse. izithombe, umculo. engokomfanekiso futhi wazibonakalisa ngokucacile kakhulu French. kanye nomculo wesiSlavic (ezinye izimfuneko ze-S. zingatholakala kumculo we-folk instr. wamasiko amaningi esizwe). Izandulela zomlando zika-S ziwumbala wokuvumelana (bona, isibonelo, isiqephu esithi Des7> – Des from bar 51 in Chopin's b-moll nocturne), ukuzijabulisa kwezici ezithile zeNar. umculo (ngokwesibonelo, ukulingisa umsindo wezinsimbi zomdabu zaseCaucasia ngendlela ye-quintchord g – d1 – a1 – e2 ku-“Lezginka” kusukela ku-opera ethi “Ruslan noLyudmila”), ukukhethwa kwamaculo ahambisanayo ngokwesakhiwo ngokuya ngemisindo. izimpawu (ngokwesibonelo, amachords e-eclipse kuyi-opera ethi “Prince Igor”), iziqephu ezimibalabala ezifanekisayo kanye neziqephu ze-cadence (ngokwesibonelo, ku-reprise yesi-2 ye-Chopin's Des-dur nocturne; ku-Liszt's No. 3 nocturne No. 2), izithombe ze izivunguvungu, ukuvunguza komoya, izivunguvungu (ngokwesibonelo, "Francesca da Rimini", "Isiphepho", isigameko ekamu likaTchaikovsky "The Queen of Spades"; "Scheherazade" kanye "Kashchei the Immortal" kaRimsky-Korsakov. ), incazelo ekhethekile ye-timbre yongwaqa, ch. ar. lapho usebenzisana nezinsimbi zezigubhu (ngokwesibonelo, i-tritone ku-leitmotif kaLeshy evela ku-opera ethi “The Snow Maiden”). Isibonelo esivelele, vala isimanje. thayipha u-S., - indawo yensimbi ekhala ku-opera ethi "Boris Godunov" (isingeniso sesithombe sesi-XNUMX).

S. ngencazelo eqondile yegama kungakhulunywa kuphela ngokuphathelene nomculo wekhulu lama-20, okubangelwa izindinganiso zomculo ezithuthukisiwe kuwo. ukucabanga, okuvumelanayo ikakhulukazi. ulimi. Akunakwenzeka ukwehlukanisa ngokuphelele nangokungangabazeki phakathi kwephimbo eliqondile (umculo wamathoni) kanye ne-sonority (umculo we-sonorities); ngokuvamile kunzima ukuhlukanisa inqubo ye-sonoristic kwezinye izinhlobo (ezingezona eze-sonorous) zesu lokuqamba. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-S. ngokwezinga elithile kunemibandela; ikhetha amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu kuphela futhi ithatha izinguquko nezinhlanganisela zezinhlobo ezifaniswayo. Kuhlelo lokuhlukanisa, izinhlobonhlobo ze-S. zihlelwe ngokulandelana kokususwa kancane kancane kusukela ekuqaleni - izenzakalo zendlela evamile ye-tonal.

Ngokunengqondo, isigaba sokuqala sokuzilawula kuka-S. sihunyushwa ngokuvumelana ngokombono wesono, lapho kukhona ukushintsha okuphawulekayo ekunakeni kusukela ekubonweni kwemisindo ehlukene yephimbo kuye ekubonweni “kwemisindo ye-timbral” engahlukanisiwe. Indlela yokufanisa ethuthukiswe ngu-C. Debussy ikhombisa ukuvela kwale nqubo: iketango le-chord libonwa njengokulandelana kwemisindo enombala we-timbre (isu lamabhulokhi a-parallel-dissonant ku-jazz iyafana nale nqubo). Izibonelo zokuvumelana okunemibala egqamile: ama-ballet ka-Daphnis no-Chloe ka-Ravel (Ekuseni), i-Perushka ka-Stravinsky (ukuqala kwesigcawu sesi-4), i-Cinderella ka-Prokofiev (Midnight), isiqephu se-orchestra, op. 6 No 4 Webern, ingoma ethi “Seraphite” kaSchoenberg.

HH Sidelnikov. Izinganekwane zaseRussia, ingxenye yesi-4.

Kwezinye izimo, ukuhumusha kwe-sonoristic kokuvumelana kusebenza njengokusebenza ngongwaqa benhloso ye-timbre ("sonoras"). Lena "i-sonor chord" yokuqala ku-Scriabin's Prometheus, osn. ingoma ku-Webern's piece op. 10 No 3 we-orchestra, i-discordant polyharmony ngaphambi kokuphindwa kwesethulo se-ballet The Rite of Spring.

Umbala we-Sonorant ngokuvamile unamaqoqo ongwaqa (usebenza ngo-G. Cowell nabanye). Akuwona nje ama-chords angaba yi-sonorous, kodwa futhi nemigqa (bheka, isibonelo, i-symphony yesibili ka-Shostakovich kuze kufike kunombolo 2). Ukuhlanganisa ama-sonorous chords kanye nemigqa kudala izendlalelo ze-sonorous (imvamisa lapho kuhlangana nezingqimba zama-timbres), isibonelo. ukusakazwa kwemisindo eyi-13 ekugcineni kwe-symphony yesibili kaProkofiev (ukuhluka kwesibili), ku-symphony yesi-12 kaLutoslavsky, ku-“Rings” ye-orchestra kaShchedrin. Ukujula okwengeziwe kuka-S kuxhumene nokuhlukaniswa nokuhlukaniswa kwephimbo futhi kuboniswa, ngokwesibonelo, ekunxuseni umculo wezinsimbi ezishaywayo (bheka i-Prokofiev's Egyptian Nights, Anxiety, intermission to the 2nd scene of the 2nd act of the opera. Ikhala » Shostakovich). Ekugcineni, i-S. isuka ethoni ehunyushwa ngesono iholela emsindweni otolikwa ngokwe-sonoristically (isiJalimane: Gerdusch), futhi le nto ihlanganisa ukubola okubili. isici - umculo. imisindo (i-neoekmelika) kanye nemisindo yomculo ongaphezulu (ehlobene nenkundla yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi umculo okhonkolo).

Indlela yokusebenza enezici ezifanayo futhi okuningi ngencazelo yazo ecacile ifana kakhulu noma iqondane. Isibonelo, i-“Tren” kaPenderecki iqala ngemisindo yomsindo womculo.

HH Sidelnikov. Izinganekwane zaseRussia, ingxenye yesi-4.

K. Penderecki. “Isililo Sezisulu ZaseHiroshima”.

Ngakho-ke, i-S. isebenza kokubili ngezindlela ezifanele ze-sonorous (imisindo yomculo, izendlalelo ze-timbre, izakhiwo zombala womsindo, imisindo ngaphandle kwephimbo elithile), kanye nezindlela zezinye izinhlobo zobuchwepheshe (i-tonal, i-modal, i-serial, i-aleatory, njll. ). Comp. Indlela ka-S ihlanganisa ukukhetha okuthile. impahla ezwakalayo (ukuvezwa kwayo kuqondile, hhayi ekuxhumaneni okunemibandela nombono wobuciko womsebenzi), ukusatshalaliswa kwayo yiminyango yokukhiqiza. ngokusekelwe emgqeni wokuthuthukiswa okhethiwe, uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe lomuntu ngamunye. Muses. inqubo yalolu hlobo ihlotshaniswa nesifiso sokuthuthukiswa okunenjongo kwe-sonority, ukwakha ukukhuphuka nokwehla okuvamile okubonisa ukunyakaza kwesisekelo esingokwengqondo sokukhuluma komculo.

S. ngokuqondile kunomculo wethoni, uyakwazi ukudala zonke izinhlobo zemiphumela enemibala, ikakhulukazi, ukuhlanganisa izenzakalo zomsindo wezwe langaphandle emculweni. Ngakho, bendabuko for Russian. umculo we-classical, isithombe sokukhala kwensimbi sithola ukuzalwa okusha ku-S.

Izinzuzo. Ububanzi be-S - mus. imisebenzi lapho imiphumela enemibala egqamile ibaluleke kakhulu: “ukugeleza kodaka oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nowolintshi, ukubenyezela nokubenyezela kwezinkanyezi ezikude, ukubenyezela kwezinkemba ezivuthayo, ukugijima kwamaplanethi aluhlaza, izithunzi ezinsomi nomjikelezo wombala womsindo” ( O. Messiaen, “Isu lolimi lwami lomculo”). Bheka nelithi Iphimbo.

AG Schnittke. Pianissimo.

RK Shchedrin. "Izingcingo".

References: I-Asafiev BV, Ifomu lomculo njengenqubo, (izincwadi 1-2), M.-L., 1930-47, 3 (zombili izincwadi), L., 1971; Shaltuper Yu., Ngesitayela sika-Lutoslavsky ngeminyaka yama-60s, kokuthi: Izinkinga Zesayensi Yomculo, vol. 3, M., 1975; U-Nikolskaya I., "Umculo Womngcwabo" ka-Witold Lutoslavsky kanye nezinkinga zenhlangano ye-pitch emculweni wekhulu le-10, ku: Umculo Nesimanjemanje, (ukukhishwa) 1976, M., 1; Messiaen O., Technique de mon langage musical, v. 2-1944, P., 1961; Chominski J., Technika sonorystyczna jako przedmiot systematycznego szkolenia, “Muzyka”, 6, rok 3, No 1968; yakhe, Muzyka Polski Ludowej, Warsz., 1962; Kohoutek C., Novodobé skladebné teorie západoevropske hudby, Praha, 1965, Novodobé skladebné smery vhudbe, Praha, 1976 (Ukuhunyushwa kwesiRashiya - Kogoytek Ts., Indlela yokuqamba emculweni wekhulu lesi-XNUMX, M.

Yu. N. Kholopov