Amelita Galli-Curci |

U-Amelita Galli-Curci

“Ukucula kuyisidingo sami, impilo yami. Uma ngizithola ngisesiqhingini esiwugwadule, ngangizocula nalapho … Umuntu ogibele ukhahlamba lwentaba futhi angaboni isiqongo esingaphezu kwaleyo abekwe kuso akanalo ikusasa. Ngeke ngivume ukuba sendaweni yakhe. Lawa magama akuwona nje isimemezelo esihle, kodwa uhlelo lwangempela lokusebenza oluqondise umculi wase-Italy ovelele u-Galli-Curci kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe wokudala.

“Isizukulwane ngasinye sivame ukubuswa umculi oyedwa we-coloratura. Isizukulwane sethu sizokhetha uGalli-Curci njengendlovukazi yabo eculayo…” kusho uDilpel.

U-Amelita Galli-Curci wazalwa ngoNovemba 18, 1882 eMilan, emndenini wosomabhizinisi ophumelelayo u-Enrico Galli. Umndeni ukhuthaze uthando lwentombazane emculweni. Lokhu kuyaqondakala - ngemva kwakho konke, umkhulu wakhe wayengumqhubi, futhi ugogo wakhe wayene-coloratura soprano ekhazimulayo. Lapho eneminyaka emihlanu, intombazane yaqala ukudlala upiyano. Kusukela eneminyaka engu-XNUMX, u-Amelita uya njalo endlini ye-opera, okuye kwaba umthombo wemibono enamandla kakhulu kuye.

Intombazane eyayithanda ukucula yayiphupha ngokuduma njengomculi, futhi abazali bayo babefuna ukubona u-Amelita njengomdlali wopiyano. Wangena eMilan Conservatory, lapho afunda khona upiyano noProfesa Vincenzo Appiani. Ngo-1905, waphothula i-conservatory ngendondo yegolide futhi ngokushesha waba uthisha wepiyano owaziwayo. Nokho, ngemva kokuzwa umshayi wopiyano omkhulu uFerruccio Busoni, u-Amelita waqaphela ngokucasuka ukuthi wayengeke akwazi ukuzuza amakhono anjalo.

Isiphetho sakhe sanqunywa uPietro Mascagni, umbhali we-opera edumile ethi Rural Honor. Ezwa indlela u-Amelita, eziphelezela ngayo upiyano, ecula ingoma ka-Elvira evela ku-opera kaBellini ethi “Puritanes”, umqambi wababaza: “Amelita! Baningi abadlali bopiyano abasezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa yeka ukuthi kuyivelakancane kangakanani ukuzwa umculi wangempela!.. Awudlali kangcono kunamakhulu abanye… Iphimbo lakho liyisimangaliso! Yebo, uzoba umdwebi omkhulu. Kodwa hhayi umdlali wopiyano, cha, umculi!”

Futhi kwenzeka. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili ezifundela, ikhono lika-Amelita lahlolwa umqhubi we-opera oyedwa. Ngemva kokulalela ukusebenza kwakhe kwe-aria kusukela esenzweni sesibili sikaRigoletto, wancoma uGalli kumqondisi wendlu ye-opera eTrani, owayeseMilan. Ngakho-ke wathola umdlalo wokuqala enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini edolobheni elincane. Ingxenye yokuqala - uGilda ku-"Rigoletto" - ilethe umculi osemusha impumelelo ephawulekayo futhi yamvulela ezinye izigcawu eziqinile e-Italy. Indima kaGilda kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ibe umhlobiso we-repertoire yakhe.

Ngo-April 1908, wayesevele eseRoma - okokuqala wenza esiteji se-Costanzi Theatre. Endimeni ka-Bettina, iqhawekazi le-opera yamahlaya ka-Bizet u-Don Procolio, u-Galli-Curci akazibonakalisanga nje njengomculi ophambili, kodwa futhi njengomlingisi wamahlaya onekhono. Ngaleso sikhathi, umdwebi wayeseshade nomculi u-L. Curci.

Kodwa ukuze azuze impumelelo yangempela, u-Amelita kwakusadingeka afunde "i-internship" phesheya. Lo mculi wenza ngesizini ka-1908/09 e-Egypt, kwathi ngo-1910 wavakashela e-Argentina nase-Uruguay.

Wabuyela e-Italy njengomculi owaziwayo. "Dal Verme" kaMilan imema ngokukhethekile indima kaGilda, kanti iNeapolitan "San Carlo" (1911) ifakazela ikhono eliphezulu likaGalli-Curci ku "La Sonnambula".

Ngemva kolunye uhambo lomculi, ehlobo lika-1912, eNingizimu Melika (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile), kwaba yithuba lempumelelo enomsindo eTurin, eRoma. Emaphephandabeni, ekhumbula ingoma yangaphambilini yomculi lapha, babhala: "UGalli-Curci ubuyile njengomculi ophelele."

Ngesizini ka-1913/14, umculi ucula e-Real Madrid Theatre. La sonnambula, Puritani, Rigoletto, The Barber of Seville imlethela impumelelo engakaze ibonwe emlandweni wale ndlu ye-opera.

Ngo-February 1914, njengengxenye yeqembu le-opera yase-Italy i-Galli-Curci, wafika eSt. Enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, ngokokuqala ngqá, ucula izingxenye zikaJuliet (i-Romeo noJuliet kaGounod) noFilina (uThomas' Mignon). Kuwo womabili ama-opera, umlingani wakhe kwakungu-LV Sobinov. Nansi indlela ukuchazwa kwe-heroine ye-opera uTom umculi kwachazwa ngayo emaphephandabeni enhloko-dolobha: "UGalli-Curci wabonakala kuFilina othakazelisayo. Izwi lakhe elimnandi, umculo kanye namasu amahle kakhulu kwamnika ithuba lokubeka ingxenye kaFilina phambili. Ucule i-polonaise ngobuchule, isiphetho saso, ngesidingo esivumelana ngazwilinye somphakathi, wasiphinda, ethatha kabili amaphuzu amathathu “fa”. Esiteji, uhola indima yakhe ngobuhlakani nasanda kudlala.”

Kodwa umqhele wokunqoba kwakhe kweRussia kwakunguLa Traviata. Iphephandaba i-Novoye Vremya labhala: “I-Galli-Curci ingenye yezinhlobo ze-Violetta osekunesikhathi eside iSt. Ulungile kokubili esiteji nanjengomculi. Wacula ingoma yesenzo sokuqala ngobuhle obumangalisayo futhi, ngendlela, wayiqeda nge-cadenza edidayo, esingakaze siyizwe kuSembrich noma ku-Boronat: into emangalisayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo enhle ngokumangalisayo. Ube yimpumelelo encomekayo. ”…

Ngemva kokuvela kabusha ezweni lakubo, umculi ucula nabalingani abaqinile: i-tenor encane ehlakaniphile u-Tito Skipa kanye ne-baritone edumile u-Titta Ruffo. Ehlobo lika-1915, eColon Theatre eBuenos Aires, ucula noCaruso odumile eLucia. "Ukunqoba okungajwayelekile kukaGalli-Curci noCaruso!", "UGalli-Curci ubeyiqhawekazi lakusihlwa!", "Okungavamile phakathi kwabahlabeleli" - yile ndlela abagxeki bendawo abawubheke ngayo lo mcimbi.

NgoNovemba 18, 1916, uGalli-Curci wenza i-debut yakhe eChicago. Ngemuva kokuthi "i-Caro note" izethameli ziqhume ngokuzwakalayo okungakaze kubonwe okwemizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu. Futhi kwezinye izinhlelo - "Lucia", "La Traviata", "Romeo noJuliet" - umculi wamukelwa ngokufudumele. "Umculi Omkhulu We-Coloratura Kusukela Ku-Patti", "Izwi Elimangalisayo" ngezinye zezihloko zamaphephandaba aseMelika. IChicago yalandelwa wukunqoba eNew York.

Encwadini ethi "Vocal Parallels" yomculi odumile u-Giacomo Lauri-Volpi siyafunda: "Kumbhali wale migqa, uGalli-Curci wayengumngane futhi, ngandlela thile, unkulunkulukazi ngesikhathi sokudlala kwakhe kokuqala kweRigoletto, okwenzeka ngo. ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 1923 esiteji seMetropolitan Theatre ". Kamuva, umbhali wacula naye izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa kokubili eRigoletto nase-The Barber of Seville, Lucia, La Traviata, Manon's Massenet. Kodwa umbono ovela ekusebenzeni kokuqala wahlala impilo yonke. Izwi lomculi likhunjulwa njengelindizayo, iyunifomu ngokumangalisayo ngombala, i-matte encane, kodwa emnene ngokwedlulele, ukuthula okukhuthazayo. Alikho nelilodwa “elilomntwana” noma inothi elicishiwe. Umusho wesenzo sokugcina "Lapho, ezulwini, kanye nomama wami othandekayo ..." wakhunjulwa njengohlobo oluthile lwesimangaliso samazwi - umtshingo ukhala esikhundleni sezwi.

Ekwindla ka-1924, i-Galli-Curci yenza emadolobheni angaphezu kwamashumi amabili esiNgisi. Ikhonsathi yokuqala ngqa yomculi e-Albert Hall yenhloko-dolobha yaba nethonya elingenakuphikiswa ezilalelini. "Izintelezi zomlingo zikaGalli-Curci", "Ngifikile, ngacula - futhi ngawina!", "UGalli-Curci unqobe iLondon!" – ngokuncoma wabhala umshini wendawo.

U-Galli-Curci akazange azibophezele ngezinkontileka zesikhathi eside nanoma iyiphi indlu ye-opera, ekhetha inkululeko yokuvakasha. Kungemva kuka-1924 kuphela lapho umculi wanikeza ukukhetha kwakhe kokugcina kuMetropolitan Opera. Njengomthetho, izinkanyezi ze-opera (ikakhulukazi ngaleso sikhathi) zazinaka okwesibili kuphela esiteji sekhonsathi. Ku-Galli-Curci, lezi kwakuyizigaba ezimbili ezilingana ngokuphelele zobuciko bobuciko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi neminyaka, umsebenzi wekhonsathi waze waqala ukunqoba endaweni yeshashalazi. Futhi ngemva kokuvalelisa ku-opera ngo-1930, waqhubeka nokunikeza amakhonsathi emazweni amaningi iminyaka eminingana, futhi yonke indawo waphumelela nezilaleli ezibanzi kakhulu, ngoba endaweni yokugcina impahla yakhe ubuciko buka-Amelita Galli-Curci buhlukaniswa ngobulula obuqotho, ubuhle. , ukucaca, intando yeningi ehehayo.

"Azikho izethameli ezingenandaba, uyazenzela," kusho lo mculi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Galli-Curci akazange akhokhe intela ekuthandeni okungafanele noma imfashini embi - impumelelo enkulu yomdwebi kwaba ukunqoba ukwethembeka nobuqotho kwezobuciko.

Ngokungakhathali okumangalisayo, uhamba esuka kwelinye izwe eya kwelinye, futhi udumo lwakhe luyakhula kukho konke ukudlala, ngawo wonke amakhonsathi. Imizila yakhe yokuvakasha yayingadluli emazweni amakhulu aseYurophu nase-United States kuphela. Walalelwa emadolobheni amaningi ase-Asia, e-Afrika, e-Australia naseNingizimu Melika. Udlale eziqhingini zasePacific, wathola isikhathi sokuqopha amarekhodi.

“Izwi lakhe,” kubhala isazi somculo u-VV Timokhin, emuhle ngokulinganayo kokubili ku-coloratura nase-cantilena, njengokuzwakala komtshingo wesiliva omlingo, onqotshwe ngesisa nobumsulwa obumangalisayo. Kusukela emishwaneni yokuqala eculwa yiciko, abalaleli bebemangazwe imisindo enyakazayo nebushelelezi egeleza kalula ngendlela emangalisayo... Umsindo olinganiselayo, wepulasitiki unikeze umdwebi njengento enhle yokwakha izithombe ezihlukahlukene, ezilolongelwe ifiligree...

… U-Galli-Curci njengomculi we-coloratura, mhlawumbe, wayengazi ukuthi ulingana naye.

Ngokufanelekile, umsindo wepulasitiki unikeze umdwebi njengento enhle yokudala izithombe ezihlotshiswe nge-filigreely. Akekho oke wadlala ngendlela eshelela kangaka izindima ku-aria “Sempre libera” (“Ukukhululeka, ukungabi nandaba”) kusuka ku-“La Traviata”, nge-arias ye-Dinora noma i-Lucia kanye nobuhlakani obunjalo - ama-cadenzas efanayo “Sempre libera” noma ku-“Waltz Juliet,” futhi lokho konke ngaphandle kokucindezeleka okuncane (ngisho namanothi aphakeme kakhulu awazange aveze umbono waphezulu kakhulu), okunganikeza abalaleli ubunzima bobuchwepheshe benombolo eculwayo.

Ubuciko bukaGalli-Curci benza abantu besikhathi sakhe bakhumbula izimfanelo ezinhle zekhulu le-1914 futhi bathi ngisho nabaqambi ababesebenza enkathini “yenkathi yegolide” ka-bel canto babengenakumcabanga umhumushi ongcono wemisebenzi yabo. "Ukube uBellini ngokwakhe ubezwile umculi omangalisayo njengoGalli-Curci, ubezomshayela ihlombe engapheli," kubhala iphephandaba laseBarcelona i-El Progreso ngo-XNUMX ngemuva kokudlalwa kukaLa sonnambula noPuritani. Lokhu kubuyekezwa kwabagxeki baseSpain, "abahlahlela phansi" ngokungenasihe izinkanyiso eziningi zomhlaba wamazwi, kuyinkomba impela. “UGalli-Curci usesondele ekupheleleni ngangokunokwenzeka,” kuvuma eminyakeni emibili kamuva i-prima donna yaseMelika edumile uGeraldine Farrar (umlingisi ophambili wezindima zikaGilda, uJuliet noMimi), ngemva kokulalela uLucia di Lammermoor eChicago Opera. .

Umculi wayehlukaniswa ne-repertoire ebanzi. Nakuba yayisekelwe emculweni we-opera yase-Italy - isebenza ngoBellini, uRossini, uDonizetti, uVerdi, uLeoncavallo, uPuccini - iphinde yenza kahle kuma-opera abaqambi baseFrance - uMeyerbeer, uBizet, uGounod, uThomas, uMassenet, uDelibes. Kulokhu kufanele sengeze izindima ezenziwe kahle kakhulu zikaSophie ku-R. Strauss ethi Der Rosenkavalier kanye nendima yeNdlovukazi yaseShemakhan ku-Rimsky-Korsakov ethi The Golden Cockerel.

“Indima yendlovukazi,” kuphawula umdwebi, “ayithathi isikhathi esingaphezu kwesigamu sehora, kodwa yeka ukuthi isigamu sehora siyini! Esikhathini esifushane kangaka, umculi ubhekana nazo zonke izinhlobo zobunzima bezwi, phakathi kokunye, kangangokuthi nabaqambi bakudala bebengeke baqhamuke nabo.

Entwasahlobo nasehlobo lika-1935, umculi wavakashela eNdiya, eBurma naseJapane. Lawo bekungamazwe okugcina lapho acula khona. U-Galli-Curci uyahoxa okwesikhashana emsebenzini wekhonsathi ngenxa yesifo somphimbo esibi esidinga ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa.

Ehlobo lika-1936, ngemva kokufunda okujulile, umculi akabuyelanga esiteji sekhonsathi kuphela, kodwa nasesiteji se-opera. Kodwa akahlalanga isikhathi eside. Ukubonakala kokugcina kweGalli-Curci kwenzeka ngesizini ka-1937/38. Ngemva kwalokho, ekugcineni uthatha umhlalaphansi futhi uthatha umhlalaphansi emzini wakhe eLa Jolla (California).

Umculi washona ngoNovemba 26, 1963.