Ruggero Leoncavallo |

Ruggero Leoncavallo

“… Ubaba wayengumongameli Wenkantolo, umama wami wayeyindodakazi yomculi odumile waseNeapolitan. Ngaqala ukufunda umculo eNaples futhi lapho ngineminyaka engu-8 ngangena ku-conservatory, lapho ngineminyaka engu-16 ngathola idiploma ye-maestro, uprofesa wami ekuhlanganiseni kwakunguSerrao, e-piano Chesi. Ezivivinyweni zokugcina bangenza i-cantata yami. Ngabe sengingena eFaculty of Philology eNyuvesi yaseBologna ukuze ngithuthukise ulwazi lwami. Ngafunda nembongi yase-Italy uGiosuè Caroucci, futhi lapho ngineminyaka engu-20 ngathola iziqu zami zobudokotela zezincwadi. Ngabe sengithatha uhambo lwezobuciko eGibhithe ngiyovakashela umalume owayengumculi enkantolo. Impi engazelelwe kanye nokudliwa kweGibhithe ngamaNgisi kwaphambanisa wonke amacebo ami. Ngingenayo ngisho indibilishi ephaketheni lami, ngigqoke ingubo yama-Arabhu, ngaphuma kancane eGibhithe futhi ngagcina ngiseMarseille, lapho kwaqala khona ukuzulazula. Nganikeza izifundo zomculo, ezidlalwa ezindaweni zokudlela ze-chantany, ngabhala izingoma ze-soubrette emahholo omculo, ”R. ULeoncavallo wabhala ngaye.

Futhi ekugcineni, inhlanhla. Umqambi ubuyela ezweni lakubo futhi ukhona ekunqobeni kwe-P. Mascagni's Rustic Honor. Lokhu kusebenza kwanquma isiphetho sikaLeoncavallo: uhlakulela isifiso esivuthayo sokubhala i-opera kuphela futhi kuphela ngesitayela esisha. Ngokushesha kwafika uzungu engqondweni: ukukhiqiza kabusha ngendlela yokusebenza leso sigameko esibi empilweni, asibona eneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu: i-valet kayise yathandana nomlingisi ohambahambayo, umyeni wakhe, ebambe izithandwa, wabulala bobabili umkakhe. kanye nomyengi. Kuthathe uLeoncavallo izinyanga ezinhlanu kuphela ukubhala i-libretto nokuthola amaphuzu ePagliacci. I-opera yadlalwa eMilan ngo-1892 ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-A. Toscanini osemusha. Impumelelo yayinkulu. "I-Pagliacci" ivele ngokushesha kuzo zonke izigaba zaseYurophu. I-opera yaqala ukudlalwa ngobusuku obufanayo ne-Mascagni's Rural Honor, ngaleyo ndlela iphawula udwendwe lokunqoba lomkhuba omusha kwezobuciko - verismo. Isethulo se-opera ethi Pagliacci samenyezelwa ngokuthi iManifesto of Verism. Njengoba abagxeki baphawula, ukuphumelela kwe-opera kwakungenxa yokuthi umqambi wayenekhono elivelele lokubhala. I-libretto ye-Pajatsev, ebhalwe nguye, imfushane kakhulu, inamandla, iyaphikisana, futhi izinhlamvu zabalingiswa zichazwe ngokukhululeka. Futhi sonke lesi senzo saseshashalazini esikhanyayo sifakwe ezingoma ezikhumbulekayo nezivulekile ngokomzwelo. Esikhundleni se-arias evamile enwetshiwe, u-Leoncavallo unikeza ama-ariosos ashukumisayo amandla angokomzwelo kangangokuthi i-opera yase-Italy ayengayazi ngaphambi kwakhe.

Ngemva kwamaPagliacians, umqambi wadala amanye ama-opera angu-19, kodwa akekho kuwo owaba nempumelelo efana neyokuqala. U-Leoncavallo wabhala ngezinhlobo ezahlukene: unamadrama omlando ("Roland waseBerlin" - 1904, "Medici" - 1888), izinhlekelele ezimangalisayo ("AmaGypsies", ngokusekelwe enkondlweni ka-A. Pushkin - 1912), ama-comic operas ("Maya ” – 1910), operettas (“Malbrook” – 1910, “Queen of the Roses” – 1912, “The First Kiss” – post. 1923, njll.) kanye, vele, verist operas (“La Boheme” – 1896 kanye "Zaza" - 1900).

Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yohlobo lwe-opera, uLeoncavallo wabhala imisebenzi ye-symphonic, izingcezu zepiyano, ezothando nezingoma. Kodwa kuphela "i-Pagliacci" isaqhubeka nokuhamba ngempumelelo ezigabeni ze-opera zomhlaba wonke.

M. Dvorkina