I-Dombra: kuyini, isakhiwo sensimbi, umlando, izinganekwane, izinhlobo, ukusetshenziswa

I-Dombra noma i-dombyra iyinsimbi yomculo yaseKazakh, iyingxenye yezintambo, ezihlutshiwe. Ngaphezu kwamaKazakh, kubhekwa njengethuluzi labantu baseCrimea Tatars (Nogais), Kalmyks.

Ukwakheka kwe-dombra

I-Dombyra iqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

• Corps (shanak). Yenziwe ngokhuni, emise okwepheya. Yenza umsebenzi wokukhulisa umsindo. Kunezindlela ezi-2 zokwenza umzimba: ukugoqa ocezwini olulodwa lokhuni, ukuhlanganisa kusuka ezingxenyeni (amapuleti okhuni). Izinhlobo zokhuni ezithandwayo ziyi-maple, i-walnut, i-pine.
• I-Deca (i-kapkak). Ibhekene ne-timbre yomsindo, umbala wayo onesigqi. Ithuthukisa ukudlidliza kweyunithi yezinhlamvu.
• Vulture. Iwumugqa omude omncane, omkhulu kunomzimba. Iphetha ngekhanda elinezikhonkwane.
• Izintambo. Ubuningi - 2 izingcezu. Ekuqaleni, impahla yayiyimithambo yezilwane ezifuywayo. Kumamodeli anamuhla, kusetshenziswa umugqa ojwayelekile wokudoba.
• Yima (tiek). Isici esibalulekile esibhekene nomsindo wensimbi. Idlulisela ukudlidliza kwezintambo kudeski.
• Intwasahlobo. Ithuluzi lasendulo lalingenawo umthombo. Le ngxenye yasungulwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe umsindo, intwasahlobo itholakala eduze kwesitendi.

Usayizi ophelele we-dombra uyashintshashintsha, ufinyelela ku-80-130 cm.

Umlando wemvelaphi

Umlando we-dombra ubuyela emuva enkathini ye-Neolithic. Ososayensi bathole imidwebo yasendulo yamadwala kusukela kulesi sikhathi ebonisa insimbi yomculo efana kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iqiniso lingabhekwa njengelifakazelwe: i-dombyra indala kunazo zonke ezakhiweni ezihlutshiwe ezinezintambo. Iminyaka yayo iyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa zeminyaka.

Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezimbili zazivamile phakathi kwamaSaxon ayimizulane cishe eminyakeni emi-2 edlule. Ngaso leso sikhathi, amamodeli afana ne-dombra ayethandwa yizizwe ezihlala emizulane ezihlala endaweni yeKazakhstan yanamuhla.

Kancane kancane, leli thuluzi lasakazeka kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Eurasia. Abantu baseSlavic benza lula igama lokuqala laba "domra". Umehluko phakathi kwe-domra ne-Kazakh "isihlobo" sincane (ubukhulu obungama-60 cm), ngaphandle kwalokho "odade" babukeka befana.

Umculi onezintambo ezimbili wayethanda kakhulu abantu baseTurkey abayimizulane. AmaTatar asolwandle ayeyidlalile ngaphambi kwempi, eqinisa umoya wawo.

Namuhla, i-dombyra iyinsimbi kazwelonke ehlonishwayo yaseKazakhstan. Lapha, kusukela ngo-2018, kwethulwe iholide - Usuku lwe-Dombra (usuku - ngeSonto lokuqala likaJulayi).

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: isihlobo esiseduze somculi we-Kazakh yi-balalaika yaseRussia.

Izinganekwane

Kunezinganekwane ezimbalwa mayelana nemvelaphi ye-dombra.

Ukubukeka kwensimbi

Ngokushesha izindaba ezi-2 zasendulo zikhuluma ngokuvela kwe-dombyra:

1. Inganekwane ye-dombra nama-giants. Izelamani ezimbili eziyimidondoshiya zazihlala phezulu ezintabeni. Naphezu kobudlelwane babo, babehluke ngokuphelele: omunye wayesebenza kanzima futhi eyize, omunye engenandaba futhi ejabule. Lapho owokuqala enquma ukwakha ibhuloho elikhulu ngaphesheya komfula, owesibili wayengajahile ukusiza: wenza i-dombyra futhi wayidlala ubusuku nemini. Kwadlula izinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi umdondoshiya ojabule akazange aqale ukusebenza. Umzalwane osebenza kanzima wathukuthela, wathatha insimbi yomculo wayishaya etsheni. I-dombyra yaphuka, kodwa umbhalo wayo wasala etsheni. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ngenxa yalesi sici, i-dombyra yabuyiselwa.
2. Dombira and Khan. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, indodana ye-khan enkulu yafa. Izihloko zesaba ukutshela umndeni izindaba ezibuhlungu, besaba ulaka lwakhe. Abantu beza bezofuna iseluleko enkosini ehlakaniphile. Wanquma ukuza kuye ngokwakhe uKhan. Ngaphambi kokuvakasha, ikhehla lenza insimbi, elibiza ngokuthi i-dombra. Ukudlala insimbi yomculo kwatshela ukhan lokho ulimi angazange alinge ukukusho. Umculo odabukisayo wakwenza kwacaca kunamagama: ishwa lenzekile. Ithukuthele, u-khan wachela umthofu oncibilikisiwe waqonda kumculi - yile ndlela imbobo eyavela ngayo emzimbeni we-dombra.

Isakhiwo sensimbi, ukubukeka kwayo kwesimanje

Kukhona futhi inganekwane echaza ukuthi kungani i-dombyra inezintambo ezi-2 kuphela. Ukwakheka koqobo, ngokwenganekwane, kucatshangelwa ubukhona bezintambo ezi-5. Kwakungekho mbobo phakathi.

I-dzhigit enesibindi yathandana nendodakazi kaKhan. Uyise kamakoti wacela umfakisicelo ukuthi abonise uthando lwakhe ngentombazane. Umfana uvele etendeni likakhan nge-dombyra, waqala ukudlala izingoma ezisuka enhliziyweni. Isiqalo sasinezingoma, kodwa umgibeli wehhashi wabe esecula iculo mayelana nokuhaha nonya lukakhan. Umbusi othukuthele, ngokuphindisela, wathela umthofu oshisayo emzimbeni wensimbi: ngale ndlela, izintambo ezi-3 kwezingu-5 zabhujiswa, futhi kwavela imbobo ye-resonator phakathi.

Enye yezindaba ichaza imvelaphi yombundu. Ngokusho kwakhe, iqhawe, libuyela ekhaya, ladinwa, lenza i-dombyra. Uboya behhashi baba izintambo. Kodwa insimbi yathula. Ebusuku, iqhawe lavuswa imisindo ekhangayo: i-dombra yayidlala yodwa. Kuvele ukuthi isizathu kwakuyinadi elivele lapho kuhlangana khona ikhanda nentamo.

izinhlobo

I-dombra yesiKazakh yakudala iyimodeli enezintambo ezimbili enosayizi ojwayelekile womzimba nentamo. Kodwa-ke, ukwandisa amathuba omsindo, ezinye izinhlobo zenziwa:

• ezinezintambo ezintathu;
• amazwe amabili;
• ngomzimba obanzi;
• inqe;
• ngentamo engenalutho.

Indaba

Ububanzi be-dombyra bungama-octave angu-2 agcwele. Uhlelo lungaba yi-quantum noma yesihlanu.

Isilungiselelo sincike esimweni somculo. Ukushuna okuphansi kulungele ukudlala nokwelula ukudlidliza komsindo. Ukuphakama kudinga umzamo omkhulu, kodwa kulokhu ingoma izwakala ngokucacile, phezulu. Uhlelo oluphezulu lufanele imisebenzi yeselula, ukusebenza kwe-melismas.

Izici zezintambo zibalulekile kuphimbo: lapho umugqa ushubile, imisindo ekhiqizwayo iyancipha.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Dombra

Amaqembu ezintambo zezinsimbi yiwona ahlonishwa kakhulu e-Kazakhstan. Ezikhathini zasendulo, akukho mcimbi owodwa ongakwenza ngaphandle kwama-akyns-singers: imishado, imingcwabo, imikhosi yabantu. Ukuhambisana nomculo kwakuhambisana nezinganekwane, ama-epic, izinganekwane.

Abaphathi besimanje baye bandisa ububanzi be-dombra: ngo-1934 bakwazi ukuyakha kabusha, bakha izinhlobo ezintsha ze-orchestra. Manje insimbi yakudala kakhulu emhlabeni isiyilungu eligcwele le-orchestra.