I-Dutar: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, umsindo, umlando, ukusetshenziswa

Abathandi bomculo wesintu entwasahlobo ka-2019 bahlangana okokuqala ngqa ku-First International Music Festival of the Arts of Folk Storytellers edolobheni lase-Uzbek i-Termez. Abaculi bomdabu (i-bakhshi), abahlabeleli, ababalisi bezindaba baqhudelana ngobuciko bokwenza imisebenzi yama-epo esintu asempumalanga, beziphelezela ngokwabo ku-dutar.

Idivayisi

I-dutar yensimbi yomculo enezintambo isakazeke kakhulu futhi ithandwa abantu baseTurkmenistan, Uzbekistan naseTajikistan. Ifana nelute.

Ibhodi lomsindo elincanyana elimise okwepheya linogqinsi olungekho ngaphezu kwamamilimitha angu-3, ​​lidlulela entanyeni ngophawu lweminwe. Ubude bethuluzi bumayelana ne-1150-1300 mm. Ine-3-17 ephoqelelwe ye-vein frets nezintambo ezimbili - usilika noma amathumbu.

I-Soundboard - ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yensimbi, yenziwe ngokhuni lwama-mulberry. Ibona ukudlidliza kwezintambo, izidlulisela ku-resonator yomoya, okwenza umsindo ube mude futhi ugcwale. I-timbre encane ethambile ye-dutar iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi i-silkworm yakhula khona: ezintabeni, ezingadini noma eduze nomfula onesiphepho.

Umsindo wezinsimbi zesimanje uphakeme kunalowo wamasampuli asendulo, ngenxa yokushintshwa kwezintambo zemvelo ngensimbi, inayiloni noma imicu inayiloni. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-30s wekhulu lesi-XNUMX, i-dutar isiyingxenye ye-orchestra ye-Uzbek, Tajik kanye ne-Turkmen yezinsimbi zomculo.

Umlando

Phakathi kwezinto ezivubukuliwe zedolobha lasendulo lasePheresiya iMariya, kwatholakala umfanekiso “we-bakhshi ezulazulayo”. Kuhlehlela emuva ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX, futhi embhalweni wesandla omdala kunomfanekiso wentombazane edlala i-dutar.

Kunolwazi oluncane, ikakhulukazi oluthathwe ezinganekwaneni zasempumalanga - ama-dastan, okuwukucubungula kwezinganekwane noma izinganekwane zamaqhawe. Izehlakalo ezikuzo zinehaba ngandlela thize, abalingiswa bahlotshaniswa nemibono yabo.

Alikho nelilodwa iholide noma umcimbi onesizotha obungenza ngaphandle kwe-bakhshi, ukucula kwakhe nomsindo wothando we-dutar.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-bakhshis awazange abe abaculi kuphela, kodwa futhi ababhuli kanye nezinyanga. Kukholakala ukuthi ikhono le-virtuoso lomdlali lihlotshaniswa nokucwiliswa kwakhe e-trance.

Ukusebenzisa

Ngenxa yomsindo wayo omangalisayo, i-dutar ithatha enye yezindawo zokuqala zokuhlonipha emasikweni amasiko abantu base-Asia Ephakathi. I-repertoire ihlukahlukene - kusukela emidlalweni emincane yansuku zonke kuya kuma-dastan amakhulu. Isetshenziswa njenge-solo, i-ensemble kanye nensimbi ehambisana nokucula. Idlalwa yibo bobabili abaculi abangochwepheshe nabayizimfundamakhwela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa nabesifazane bavunyelwe ukudlala.