Alexander Nikolayevich Serov (Alexander Serov) |

Alexander Serov

Impilo yakhe yonke yayiyinkonzo yobuciko, futhi wadela konke okunye kuye ... V. Stasov

U-A. Serov ungumqambi odumile waseRussia, umhlaziyi womculo ovelele, omunye wabasunguli be-musicology yaseRussia. Wabhala ama-opera angu-3, ​​ama-cantatas angu-2, i-orchestra, izinsimbi, umculo wamakhwaya, umculo wezwi, umculo wemidlalo emangalisayo, izinhlelo zezingoma zomdabu. Ungumbhali wenombolo ebalulekile yemisebenzi ebucayi yomculo.

U-Serov wazalelwa emndenini wesikhulu sikahulumeni esivelele. Kusukela esemncane, umfana wabonisa ukuthambekela okuhlukahlukene kwezobuciko nokuzilibazisa, okwakukhuthazwa ngabazali bakhe ngazo zonke izindlela. Yiqiniso, kamuva kakhulu, ubaba uzophikisana kakhulu - kuze kube sekungqubuzaneni okukhulu - izifundo zomculo zendodana yakhe, ezibheka njengezingathembisi neze.

Ngo-1835-40. Serov wafunda eSikoleni Somthetho. Lapho, wahlangana no-V. Stasov, ngokushesha okwakhula kwaba ubungane obushisekayo. Ukuxhumana phakathi kukaSerov noStasov ngaleyo minyaka kuwumbhalo omangalisayo wokwakheka nokuthuthukiswa kwezikhanyiso zesikhathi esizayo zokugxeka komculo waseRussia. "Kithina sobabili," u-Stasov wabhala ngemuva kokushona kukaSerov, "lokhu kubhala kwakubaluleke kakhulu - asisize sodwa ukuthuthukisa hhayi emculweni kuphela, kodwa kuzo zonke ezinye izici." Ngaleyo minyaka, kwavela namakhono okwenza uSerov: wafunda ngokuphumelelayo ukudlala upiyano kanye ne-cello, futhi waqala ukuqonda lesi sakamuva kuphela esikoleni. Ngemva kokuphothula izifundo zakhe, waqala umsebenzi wakhe. I-Senate, uMnyango Wezobulungiswa, isevisi e-Simferopol nasePskov, uMnyango Wezangaphakathi, i-St. Petersburg Post Office, lapho yena, owayekhuluma kahle ngezilimi eziningana zaseYurophu, efakwe ohlwini lwabahloli bezincwadi zangaphandle - lezi ziyingqopha-mlando. kusukela emsebenzini kaSerov onesizotha kakhulu, okuyinto, nokho, ayengenayo, kodwa, ngaphandle komholo, noma yiliphi inani elibalulekile. Isici esiyinhloko nesinqumayo kwakuwumculo, ayefisa ukuzinikela kuwo ngaphandle komkhondo.

Ukuvuthwa kokuqamba kukaSerov kwakunzima futhi kuhamba kancane, lokhu kwakungenxa yokuntuleka kokuqeqeshwa okufanele kochwepheshe. Ekuqaleni kwawo-40s. faka ama-opses akhe okuqala: ama-sonatas angu-2, ezothando, kanye nokulotshwa kwepiyano yemisebenzi emikhulu ka-JS Bach, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven nabanye abaqambi bakudala. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi, uSerov wayehlabeke umxhwele ngezinhlelo ze-opera, nakuba zahlala zingagcwaliseki. Okuphawuleka kakhulu kwemisebenzi engaqediwe kwakuyi-opera ethi "May Night" (ngemuva kukaN. Gogol). Isiqephu esisodwa kuphela saso esiye sasinda kuze kube yilolu suku - Umthandazo kaGanna, okwakuwumsebenzi wokuqala kaSerov, owenziwa ekhonsathini yomphakathi ngo-1851. Ngawo lowo nyaka, ukuqala kwakhe emkhakheni obucayi kwenzeka. Kwesinye sezindatshana zakhe, uSerov wenza umsebenzi wakhe njengomgxeki: "Imfundo yomculo phakathi kwesixuku sabafundi baseRussia ayivelakancane kakhulu ... zama mayelana nokusabalala kwale mfundo, kufanele futhi siqaphele ukuthi ukufunda kwethu umphakathi kunemibono efanele ngabo bonke, nakuba izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zobuciko bomculo, njengoba ngaphandle kwalolu lwazi noma yimuphi umbono oqondile womculo, abaqambi nabadlali bawo akunakwenzeka. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwakunguSerov owafaka igama elithi "musicology" ezincwadini zesiRashiya. Izihloko eziningi zomculo wesimanje waseRussia nowangaphandle ziphakanyiswa emisebenzini yakhe: umsebenzi kaGlinka noWagner, uMozart noBeethoven, uDargomyzhsky kanye nabaqambi be-Mighty Handful, njll Ekuqaleni kokubunjwa kweSikole Somculo Esisha saseRussia, wayehlotshaniswa kakhulu nayo, kodwa ngokushesha uSerov kanye namaKuchkists bahlukana, ubudlelwane babo baba nobutha, futhi lokhu kwaholela ekuhlukaneni noStasov.

Umsebenzi womphakathi onesiphepho, owathatha isikhathi esiningi sikaSerov, nokho awuzange usenze buthaka isifiso sakhe sokuqamba umculo. "Ngizilethele," wabhala ngo-1860, "idumela elithile ngokuzakhela igama nabagxeki bomculo, ngibhala ngomculo, kodwa umsebenzi oyinhloko wempilo yami ngeke ube kulokhu, kodwa ubuciko bomculo“. Iminyaka yama-60 yaba iminyaka eyishumi eyaletha udumo kuSerov umqambi. Ngo-1862, i-opera Judith yaqedwa, i-libretto yayo eyayisekelwe emdlalweni wegama elifanayo lombhali wemidlalo wase-Italy u-P. Giacometti. Ngo-1865 - "Rogneda", ezinikezelwe izenzakalo emlandweni waseRussia lasendulo. I-opera yokugcina yayiyi-Enemy Force (ukufa kwaphazamisa umsebenzi, i-opera yaqedwa ngu-V. Serova, unkosikazi womqambi, no-N. Solovyov), eyakhiwe ngokusekelwe emdlalweni we-AN Ostrovsky "Ungaphili njengoba ufuna."

Wonke ama-opera kaSerov adlalwa eSt. Petersburg eMariinsky Theatre futhi aba yimpumelelo emangalisayo. Kuzo, umqambi wazama ukuhlanganisa izimiso ezimangalisayo Wagner kanye abasafufusa isiko operatic kazwelonke. "UJudith" no "Rogneda" badalwa futhi baqala ukuqhutshwa esiteji ngaleso sikhathi, lapho indalo ehlakaniphile yesiteji sikaGlinka noDargomyzhsky isivele ibhaliwe (ngaphandle kwethi "The Stone Guest") kanye nama-opera abaqambi be-"Kuchkist" P. Tchaikovsky wayengakaveli. U-Serov wehlulekile ukudala isitayela sakhe esiphelile. Kukhona i-eclecticism eningi kuma-opera akhe, nakuba eziqephuni ezinhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezibonisa impilo yabantu, ufinyelela ngokucacile nokukhalipha okukhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uSerov umgxeki wasibekela uSerov umqambi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akukwazi ukweqa okubalulekile okusemculweni wakhe, onekhono ngempela futhi wokuqala.

A. Nazarov