Mikalojus Konstantinos Čiurlionis |

Mikalojus Čiurlionis

Ikwindla. Ingadi enqunu. Izihlahla ezinqunu zigwaza futhi zimboze izindlela ngamaqabunga, futhi isibhakabhaka simpunga, futhi sidabukisa njengomphefumulo kuphela ongadabukisa. MK Ciurlionis

Impilo ka-MK Chiurlionis yayimfushane, kodwa ikhanya ngokudala futhi inezigigaba. Wadala ca. 300 imidwebo, ca. 350 izingcezu zomculo, ikakhulukazi upiyano miniatures (240). Unemisebenzi eminingana yama-ensembles ekamelo, yekwaya, i-organ, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke u-Čiurlionis wayeyithanda i-orchestra, nakuba ebhala umculo omncane we-orchestra: izinkondlo ze-2 symphonic "Ehlathini" (1900), "Sea" (1907), overture " Kėstutis” ( 1902) ( UKyastutis, inkosana yokugcina yaseLithuania yangaphambi kobuKristu, eyaduma ekulweni nezimpi zenkolo, yafa ngo-1382). Imidwebo ye-"Lithuanian Pastoral Symphony", imidwebo yenkondlo ye-symphonic "Indalo Yomhlaba" igciniwe. (Okwamanje, cishe yonke ifa lika-Čiurlionis - imidwebo, ihluzo, ama-autographs wemisebenzi yomculo - igcinwe emnyuziyamu wakhe e-Kaunas.) U-Čiurlionis wayehlala ezweni eliyinqaba eliyinqaba, okuthi, ngamazwi akhe, "i-intuition kuphela engasho." Wayethanda ukuba yedwa nemvelo: ukubona ukushona kwelanga, ukuzulazula ehlathini ebusuku, ukuya ekudumeni kwezulu. Ukulalela umculo wemvelo, emisebenzini yakhe wayefuna ukuveza ubuhle bayo baphakade nokuvumelana. Izithombe zemisebenzi yakhe zinemibandela, isihluthulelo sazo siwumfanekiso wezinganekwane zomdabu, kulokho kuhlanganiswa okukhethekile kwefantasy neqiniso, okuyisici sombono wezwe wabantu. Ubuciko besintu “kufanele bube yisisekelo sobuciko bethu…” kubhala u-Čiurlionis. “…Umculo wesi-Lithuania uhlezi ezingomeni zesintu… Lezi zingoma zifana namabhulokhi e-marble ayigugu futhi zilindele inhlakanipho kuphela ezokwazi ukudala indalo engafi ngazo.” Kwakuyizingoma zomdabu zaseLithuania, izinganekwane kanye nezinganekwane ezakhuphula umculi e-Čiurlionis. Kusukela esemncane, bangena ekuqapheleni kwakhe, baba yizinhlayiya zomphefumulo, bathatha indawo eduze nomculo kaJS Bach, P. Tchaikovsky.

Uthisha wokuqala womculo ka-Čiurlionis kwakunguyise, i-ogani. Ngo-1889-93. U-Čiurlionis wafunda esikoleni se-orchestra sika-M. Oginsky (umzukulu womqambi u-MK Oginsky) ePlungė; ngo 1894-99 wafunda ukuqamba at Warsaw Musical Institute ngaphansi 3. Moscow; kwathi ngo-1901-02 wenza ngcono eLeipzig Conservatory ngaphansi kuka-K. Reinecke. Indoda enezithakazelo ezehlukene. U-Čiurlionis wathatha ngokulangazela konke okuzwakalayo komculo, wafunda ngentshiseko umlando wobuciko, ezengqondo, ifilosofi, ukubhula ngezinkanyezi, i-physics, izibalo, i-geology, i-paleontology, njll. Ezincwadini zakhe zokubhalela zabafundi kukhona ukuxhuma okuyinqaba kwemidwebo yezingoma zomculo namafomula ezibalo, imidwebo yocezu. yoqweqwe lomhlaba nezinkondlo.

Ngemva kokuphothula i-conservatory, u-Čiurlionis wayehlala eWarsaw iminyaka eminingana (1902-06), futhi lapha waqala ukudweba, okwamjabulisa nakakhulu. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, izithakazelo zomculo nezobuciko zihlala zihlangana, zinquma ububanzi nokuguquguquka kwemisebenzi yakhe yemfundo eWarsaw, futhi kusukela ngo-1907 eVilnius, u-Čiurlionis waba omunye wabasunguli be-Lithuanian Art Society kanye nesigaba somculo ngaphansi kwayo, wahola i-Kankles. ikwaya, ihlele imibukiso yobuciko yaseLithuania, imincintiswano yomculo , ihlanganyele ekushicileleni umculo, ithuthukise amagama omculo waseLithuania, yabamba iqhaza emsebenzini wekhomishana yezinganekwane, yenza imisebenzi yekhonsathi njengomqhubi wekhwaya nomdlali wopiyano. Futhi mingaki imibono ehlulekile ukufeza! Wayejabulela imicabango mayelana nesikole somculo saseLithuania kanye nomtapo wolwazi womculo, mayelana neNational Palace eVilnius. Wabuye waphupha ngokuya emazweni akude, kodwa amaphupho akhe agcwaliseka kuphela ngokwengxenye: ngo-1905 u-Čiurlionis wavakashela eCaucasus, ngo-1906 wavakashela ePrague, eVienna, eDresden, eNuremberg naseMunich. Ngo-1908-09. U-Čiurlionis wayehlala eSt. Petersburg, lapho, kusukela ngo-1906, imidwebo yakhe yayibukiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe emibukisweni, okwenza ukuba u-A. Scriabin kanye nabaculi bomhlaba wezobuciko. Isithakazelo sasihambisana. Uphawu lothando lwe-Čiurlionis, inkolo ye-cosmic yezakhi - ulwandle, ilanga, izisusa zokukhuphukela eziqongweni ezikhazimulayo ngemuva kwenyoni yenjabulo ekhuphukayo - konke lokhu kunanela izithombe-izimpawu zika-A. Scriabin, L. Andreev, M. Gorky, A. Blok. Ziphinde zihlanganiswe isifiso sokuhlanganiswa kobuciko, isici senkathi. Emsebenzini ka-Čiurlionis, umbono wenkondlo, wesithombe nomculo womqondo uvame ukuvela ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngakho, ngo-1907, waqeda inkondlo ye-symphonic "Ulwandle", futhi ngemva kwalokho wabhala umjikelezo wepiyano "uLwandle" kanye ne-triptych ekhangayo ethi "Sonata of the Sea" (1908). Kanye ne-piano sonatas nama-fugues, kunemidwebo ethi "Sonata of the Stars", "Sonata of Spring", "Sonata of the Sun", "Fugue"; umjikelezo wezinkondlo "Autumn Sonata". Ukufana kwazo kusekuhlonzeni kwezithombe, ngomqondo ocashile wombala, esifisweni sokuhlanganisa isigqi seNdalo esiphindaphinda njalo nesishintshashintshayo - Umkhathi omkhulu okhiqizwe umcabango nomcabango womdwebi: “... Okubanzi amaphiko evuleka kakhulu, lapho indingilizi ijikeleza, iba lula, indoda izojabula kakhulu…” (M. K. Ciurlionis). Impilo ka-Čiurlionis yayimfushane kakhulu. Wafa esemncane wamandla akhe okudala, emngceleni wokuqashelwa nenkazimulo endaweni yonke, ngobusuku bomsebenzi wakhe omkhulu kakhulu, engenaso isikhathi sokufeza okuningi kwalokho ayekuhlelile. Njenge- meteor, isipho sakhe sobuciko savutha futhi saphuma, sishiya ubuciko obuyingqayizivele, obungenakulinganiswa, obuzalwa umcabango wemvelo yokuqala yokudala; ubuciko uRomain Rolland abubiza ngokuthi “izwekazi elisha ngokuphelele”.

O. Averyanova